Pietenpol-Archive.digest.vol-ep

August 03, 2005 - August 16, 2005



      > >#105 Insignia White,   Star Insignias
      > >#190 Tennessee Red,      "
      > >#176 Insignia  Blue,              "
      >
      > ...and pictures are available at
      > http://www.flysquirrel.net/piets/CorkyPiet.html if you want to see how it
      > turned out.  As a bit of additional trivia, I have since discovered that
      the
      > #139 Federal Yellow is also referred to as Federal HIGHWAY Yellow, and is
      > the color that is used to paint those stripes that you see on every
      > interstate highway in the country.
      >
      > One more piece of trivia, but it's Piet related: there is a new
      > Oshkosh/Brodhead update on William Wynne's website,
      > http://www.flycorvair.com , including pictures of "The Last Original", Mr.
      > Pietenpol's personal Corvair-powered Piet.
      >
      > Oscar Zuniga
      > San Antonio, TX
      > mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com
      > website at http://www.flysquirrel.net
      >
      >
      
      
________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: wires in the sky scout wings
Date: Aug 03, 2005
John, The wires in the sky scout wings were in place so that interference between the ribs and the drag/antidrag wires could be determined prior to glueing of the ribs. If you noticed, the rib spacing varied on the Sky Scout wings to keep the wires from coming in contact with the ribs. Greg and I measured them and they were off as much as an inch. If the line made by connecting the root ends of the spars is held normal to the spar major axis, and the ribs are glued parallel to this line, then you will find when it is time to trammel, it will be a non issue. Those builders that glue their wings together without controlling the front and rear spar positions from the beginning will find trammelling to be challenging Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Subject: Elevator Trim Tab
Pieters, Am boxing in my starboard elevator,ala 7AC, for an adjustable trim tab. Has anyone seen or heard of this being done on a Piet? For you engineering types, How many sq in would it require to be effective? My design is 3 X 16. In addition I will feather all trailing edges with balsa for rudder and elevators. My I hear any objections or suggestions both positive and positive. Corky in La making airplane noises while Isabelle whistles Dixie ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Wing Assembly
Date: Aug 03, 2005
John, The square will not be able to be used with the ribs in place. Secure a four foot 2 x 8 or so board upright on your table at the root end normal to the long axis of the spars. Secure two uprights to this board making a slot to capture one of the spars' root end. Use a little bit of trig to determine the position of that spar's tip at the wingtip end so that the spar is normal to the root board. Secure two more pieces of wood to the table, making a slot for the spar at the tip end. By pushing both spars against the root board and dropping the spar into the slot at the tip will ensure a glue up of a true wing. The wing should be glued true. The trammelling is to ensure the wires don't pull it OUT of true. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly I made up a square long enough to span the width between the spars and normal to one spar to ensure my spar ends are lined up well. When I ran the temp drag wires, I found that the wire touches three rib members, so I am laminating another piece of 1/4 x 1/2" member in those locations, and will trim the interfering member. I saw this done at Oshkosh last week, and it looked like a clean solution. Thanks again, this is really good discussion. I'm in Greenville, Wisconsin (next to Appleton). -----Original Message----- From: Christian Bobka [mailto:sbobka(at)charter.net] Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly I think that the wires were in place so that interference between the ribs and the drag/antidrag wires could be determined prior to glueing of the ribs. If you noticed, the rib spacing varied on the Sky Scout wings to keep the wires from coming in contact with the ribs. Greg and I measured them and they were off as much as an inch. If the line made by connecting the root ends of the spars is held normal to the spar major axis, and the ribs are glued parallel to this line, then you will find when it is time to trammel, it will be a non issue. Those builders that glue their wings together without controlling the front and rear spar positions from the beginning will find trammelling to be challenging Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly Thank you Christian, I did not see the sanding board, but that makes good sense to use one. I did notice that Denny (the guy working on the one piece Sky Scout wing) had used temporary diagonal wires to square the wing, then loosened the wires (I assume) after the ribs were glued in place. I've just been stuck for while at this point, and I recently found the Matronics site, and moved back to Wisconsin where I can now visit Brodhead and make good progress on my Piet. It sounds like as long as the wing is square, and how I want it, I can glue the ribs. Thank you again. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Christian Bobka Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly If you correctly position your spars parallel and the markoffs for the rib positions on the front and rear spars are accurately held in a line normal to the spars, then tweaking during tramelling should be at a minimum and it is safe to glue the vertical to the spar from the outset. Importantly, it is also necessary to have all the capstrip in the same plane. You don't want one rib a little high on the spar and the next one a little low as this will present an uneven surface for the fabric and the leading edge plywood and will be unsightly. Those at Brodhead should have noticed the 4-6 foot long sanding boards that were being used to "level" the Sky Scout wing capstrips in the Pietenpol hangar on the front row, west end. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net> Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly > > glue the vertical piece to the spar. The load is carried in shear which is > the best for glue. > > chris > Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> > To: > Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 7:34 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly > > > > > > I would like to learn more about wing assembly. I have my ribs laid out > > on the spars with correct spacing, little wedges in place on each rib, > > wing tip bow bolted on, and temporary diagonal guide wires inside the > > wing with turnbuckles. Everything is square. I believe my next step is > > to glue the ribs to the spars. What is the best method to do this? Do > > you guys simply move one rib at a time, add some glue, and slide it back > > into place? What part of the rib gets glued? The top and bottom only, > > or the vertical member as well? Any thoughts on next steps? And then > > after the rib gluing, I believe I'll need to glue up the aileron parts, > > filler strips and leading edge....? > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Elevator Trim Tab
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Corky, Sounds like a good size. How will you actuate it? Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 12:47 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Elevator Trim Tab Pieters, Am boxing in my starboard elevator,ala 7AC, for an adjustable trim tab. Has anyone seen or heard of this being done on a Piet? For you engineering types, How many sq in would it require to be effective? My design is 3 X 16. In addition I will feather all trailing edges with balsa for rudder and elevators. My I hear any objections or suggestions both positive and positive. Corky in La making airplane noises while Isabelle whistles Dixie ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Subject: Re: Elevator Trim Tab
Will be activated with a small lever in a quadrant on the right side, rear cockpit with bottom pivot. Control wire connected above pivot positioned as travel needed on trim arm. Forward Nose down etc.Activated cable is .051 wire in vinyl conduit. Hope you get this explanation. Most of the run will be outside of fuse under fabric. Seems simple enough. Felt strongly that a Piet needed a trim mechanism as the weights of different pilots, and a forward fuel tank will keep the pilot busy trimmimg. Also, when you chop throttle for landing it might be possible to throw that trim back and reduce the pressure on the stick like the old 7 AC did. Corky in La just before his afternoon nap ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Nav8799h(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Subject: Pietenpol for Sale
Folks, I have been a follower of this list for 3-1/2 years while building my Pietenpol. It is now complete and the airworthiness inspection is done. Unfortunately, my flying partner and good friend in the project has lost his eyesight and this has pretty much taken a lot of the enjoyment out of the plane. Therefore, I am putting the plane up for sale. It is a long fuselage, 3 piece wing, Sitka spruce ship with a C-85. If interested, contact me and I can send pictures or provide additional information. Thanks Lou Wither ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Elevator Trim Tab
Date: Aug 03, 2005
From: "Textor, Jack" <jtextor(at)thepalmergroup.com>
Corky, How will the wire transition from the stab to the elevator? Through the spar? On my RV8 I utilized a servo, which was much lighter and (the wire) was more flexible (between the stab and elevator) Jack T Des Moines ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Isablcorky(at)aol.com Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Elevator Trim Tab Will be activated with a small lever in a quadrant on the right side, rear cockpit with bottom pivot. Control wire connected above pivot positioned as travel needed on trim arm. Forward Nose down etc.Activated cable is .051 wire in vinyl conduit. Hope you get this explanation. Most of the run will be outside of fuse under fabric. Seems simple enough. Felt strongly that a Piet needed a trim mechanism as the weights of different pilots, and a forward fuel tank will keep the pilot busy trimmimg. Also, when you chop throttle for landing it might be possible to throw that trim back and reduce the pressure on the stick like the old 7 AC did. Corky in La just before his afternoon nap ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "DJ Vegh" <djv(at)imagedv.com>
Subject: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 03, 2005
just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic unmanned helicopter/camera rig. the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv DJ Vegh www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Wing Assembly
Date: Aug 03, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
FILETIME=[7B8081C0:01C59867] -----Original Message----- From: Christian Bobka [mailto:sbobka(at)charter.net] Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly can you repost to the peitenpol matronics list so that all can share? Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly I made up a square long enough to span the width between the spars and normal to one spar to ensure my spar ends are lined up well. When I ran the temp drag wires, I found that the wire touches three rib members, so I am laminating another piece of 1/4 x 1/2" member in those locations, and will trim the interfering member. I saw this done at Oshkosh last week, and it looked like a clean solution. Thanks again, this is really good discussion. I'm in Greenville, Wisconsin (next to Appleton). -----Original Message----- From: Christian Bobka [mailto:sbobka(at)charter.net] Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly I think that the wires were in place so that interference between the ribs and the drag/antidrag wires could be determined prior to glueing of the ribs. If you noticed, the rib spacing varied on the Sky Scout wings to keep the wires from coming in contact with the ribs. Greg and I measured them and they were off as much as an inch. If the line made by connecting the root ends of the spars is held normal to the spar major axis, and the ribs are glued parallel to this line, then you will find when it is time to trammel, it will be a non issue. Those builders that glue their wings together without controlling the front and rear spar positions from the beginning will find trammelling to be challenging Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly Thank you Christian, I did not see the sanding board, but that makes good sense to use one. I did notice that Denny (the guy working on the one piece Sky Scout wing) had used temporary diagonal wires to square the wing, then loosened the wires (I assume) after the ribs were glued in place. I've just been stuck for while at this point, and I recently found the Matronics site, and moved back to Wisconsin where I can now visit Brodhead and make good progress on my Piet. It sounds like as long as the wing is square, and how I want it, I can glue the ribs. Thank you again. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Christian Bobka Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly If you correctly position your spars parallel and the markoffs for the rib positions on the front and rear spars are accurately held in a line normal to the spars, then tweaking during tramelling should be at a minimum and it is safe to glue the vertical to the spar from the outset. Importantly, it is also necessary to have all the capstrip in the same plane. You don't want one rib a little high on the spar and the next one a little low as this will present an uneven surface for the fabric and the leading edge plywood and will be unsightly. Those at Brodhead should have noticed the 4-6 foot long sanding boards that were being used to "level" the Sky Scout wing capstrips in the Pietenpol hangar on the front row, west end. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net> Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly > > glue the vertical piece to the spar. The load is carried in shear which is > the best for glue. > > chris > Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> > To: > Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 7:34 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Wing Assembly > > > > > > I would like to learn more about wing assembly. I have my ribs laid out > > on the spars with correct spacing, little wedges in place on each rib, > > wing tip bow bolted on, and temporary diagonal guide wires inside the > > wing with turnbuckles. Everything is square. I believe my next step is > > to glue the ribs to the spars. What is the best method to do this? Do > > you guys simply move one rib at a time, add some glue, and slide it back > > into place? What part of the rib gets glued? The top and bottom only, > > or the vertical member as well? Any thoughts on next steps? And then > > after the rib gluing, I believe I'll need to glue up the aileron parts, > > filler strips and leading edge....? > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Subject: Re: Elevator Trim Tab
Secure the housing on the stab and under fair leads along or on top of the elevator run the housing and connecting the control wire to trim tab arm, like carb heat arm. Housing will be free to move under the fair leads as the elevators are rotated as these vinyl housings are extremely flexible ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: elevator trim tab
Date: Aug 03, 2005
The way Corky is describing elevator trim is exactly the way it's shown in Tony Bingelis' book. Actually, he shows three different trim setups but one uses a push-pull Bowden cable and single bellcrank on the trim tab and the other two are variations that use separate bellcranks for push and for pull. Seems fairly straightforward to me, except the bit about how and where to transition the cable out of the fuselage into the control surface and out the fabric to the bellcrank. No idea "how much is enough" though. Cut and try? Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 03, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
DJ, Cool stuff! and nice video! Guess you don't hear down there much sayings like,,,"Follow the ridge" Wow, it's flat like a pancake. you're in Texas, right? walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: DJ Vegh To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 4:00 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic unmanned helicopter/camera rig. the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv DJ Vegh www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________ ;
Date: Aug 03, 2005
From: Mike Volckmann <mike_cfi(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
DJ, Cool video. Mike DJ Vegh wrote: just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic unmanned helicopter/camera rig. the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv DJ Vegh www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 03, 2005
Who is the guy with the white tshirt in the video? Why do you not show any landings..... Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Mike Volckmann To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 8:02 PM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress DJ, Cool video. Mike DJ Vegh wrote: just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic unmanned helicopter/camera rig. the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv DJ Vegh www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "DJ Vegh" <djv(at)imagedv.com>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 03, 2005
the guy in the white shirt? yours truly ;) (see the controller in my hand?) No landings shown cause landings are a non-event.... what counts in the video biz is the stability of the shot in motion. I have a Kenyon Labs gyro attached to a camera mount that I helped design. The gyro has 2 weights that spin at 22K rpm. Much like a heading indicator. It;s smazing the power the gyros have in stabilizing. It fits in the palm of your hand yet is very difficlut to rotate when it is up to speed. I'm working on a new camera mount which will utilize 2 gyros at 90=B0 to each other to help stabilize the yaw axis. I just started this business 2 months ago and already have ad agencies calling and police dept. calling me wanting demo flights. got 10 payng gigs lined up over the next 14 weeks. I have found a GPS/inertial semi-autonomous controller that will reduce pilot workload up to 75%. This is a good thing for small 30lb helicopters... they require serious attention and coordination. Will be getting one in a few months. If all goes well this may become my primary source of income in the next year..... the downside? as I said.. it's eating up the GN-1 funds and time... rest assured though that come December I WILL start covering my wings! come hell or high water damnit. ok..... enough of my rambling.... sorry. I had to share my latest endeavor with my Piet friends. DJ V. N74DV Mesa, AZ www.imagedv.com/aircamper ----- Original Message ----- From: Christian Bobka To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 6:14 PM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress Who is the guy with the white tshirt in the video? Why do you not show any landings..... Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Mike Volckmann To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 8:02 PM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress DJ, Cool video. Mike DJ Vegh wrote: just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic unmanned helicopter/camera rig. the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv DJ Vegh www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "DJ Vegh" <djv(at)imagedv.com>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 03, 2005
<Date: Aug 04, 2005
From: Rick Holland <at7000ft(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Re: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Nice work DJ, the DOD's UAV program may even be interested. On 8/3/05, DJ Vegh wrote: > > just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic > unmanned helicopter/camera rig. > the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. > this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's > fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing > ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! > http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv > DJ Vegh > www.azchoppercam.com <http://www.azchoppercam.com> > -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 04, 2005
From: Rick Holland <at7000ft(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Re: Elevator Trim Tab
Have been thinking about doing the same thing Corky. Visited the Ray Allen booth at Oshkosh and looked at their trim servos. Just $125 bucks, 4 oz., and they measure 1" x 2.3" x 2.75". I know its a bit too high tech for a Piet but if DJ can have a digital engine management system why not? (Need a battery of course). On 8/3/05, Isablcorky(at)aol.com wrote: > > Pieters, > Am boxing in my starboard elevator,ala 7AC, for an adjustable trim tab. > Has anyone seen or heard of this being done on a Piet? For you engineering > types, How many sq in would it require to be effective? My design is 3 X 16. > In addition I will feather all trailing edges with balsa for rudder and > elevators. > My I hear any objections or suggestions both positive and positive. > Corky in La making airplane noises while Isabelle whistles Dixie > -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Hayes, Mike" <Mike.Hayes(at)denco.co.uk>
Date: Aug 04, 2005
Subject: Re: Adventure '05 Crunching the Numbers
Hi Chuck, Very impressive fuel consumption - I seem to be burning nearer 4.5 US Galls per hour! Running a 600 hour C65 but with mixture permanently wire locked rich. I imagine you were leaning out on every trip regardless of altitude - is this correct? Following some of the engine related presentations at Oshkosh I think I had better take out some plugs and have a look at them. My understanding now is that a weaker mixture is actually good for engine longevity so I'm now thinking of fitting a mixture control. Regards, Mike Hayes This message and any associated files sent by Denco Limited, Delimon Denco Lubrication Limited and Franklin Hodge Industries Limited are confidential, and intended only for the addressee named above. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the IT Helpdesk by telephone immediately on 01432 377305 (UK) or +(44) 1432 377 305 (international) or return it to us by e-mail quoting the name of the sender and the address. Please also be advised that if you have received this email in error and that any disclosure and/or use of the information contained within this email or attachments is strictly prohibited. Any views or opinions expressed in this e-mail are solely those of the sender and do not necessarily represent those of Denco Limited, Delimon Denco Lubrication Limited and Franklin Hodge Industries Limited their divisions and/or subsidiaries, unless otherwise specifically stated. Please note that this e-mail and any attachments have not been encrypted. They may therefore be liable to be compromised. This is an inherent risk in relation to e-mail. Denco Holdings Limited its divisions subsidiaries and divisions of subsidiaries do not, to the extent permitted by law, accept any liability (whether in contract, negligence or otherwise) for any changes made to this e-mail after it has been sent by the original sender, any external compromises of security and/or breaches of confidentiality in relation to transmissions sent by e-mail. We cannot to the extent permitted by law accept any liability (whether in contract, negligence or otherwise) for any damage sustained as a result of any software viruses and it is therefore your responsibility to scan the attachments (if any) and carry out your own virus check before opening any attachments. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Prange Larry J PSNS <prangel(at)psns.navy.mil>
Subject: Perk's Time Machine Question
Date: Aug 04, 2005
At Brodhead, late Saturday afternoon, Ken Perkins' 'A' engine suffered a problem that was described to me as "The magneto coupling failed.". Since my Piet also has an 'A', I can't help but be interested in the details about what happened, so that I might avert a similar failure. Does anyone know exactly what failed and how? Visiting Brodhead and meeting some of you in the flesh was GREAT! I'm already working on my wife about going again next year. Keep'n my fingers crossed in Washington, Larry Prange NX1929A ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Planer Help?????
Date: Aug 04, 2005
From: "Textor, Jack" <jtextor(at)thepalmergroup.com>
Hi all, I'm looking at Planers for building the Piet. I saw positive comments in the archives on the Delta. The Deltas I've considered have been 12", two blade, and one speed variety around $250. I'm also looking at the DeWalt 734 which is three blade, one speed at $370. And also the DeWalt 735, three blade, two speed at $500. The best pricing for all seem to be at Tool King. Would appreciate any comments on these thoughts. Thanks, Jack T Des Moines ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Michael Turrell" <emtyit(at)3web.net>
Subject: Re: Planer help
Date: Aug 04, 2005
All the machines you mentioned are good,but what you want to look for is "how easy is it to change blades" I run a Ryobi in my cabinet shop and the blade change is a snap,takes me about 10 min. no brainer type of setup.Also how many sharpenings are you going to get on a set of blades(I know Delta were very skimmpy when I looked a few years back)? On the Ryobi the machine will likely burn out before I run out of blade to get sharpened,allthough somtimes I wonder,as I have been using it since 1995 and untold thousands of board feet have passed through it,but my guess is they all will stand up.Just a couple things to consider.Mike ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 04, 2005
Subject: Re: Planer Help?????
Jack T, Since you brought it up I will comment on the subject. I have mostly Delta tools in my shop as that was what was offered at the PX where I shop. I wish I had gone elsewhere. Drill Press. Chuck hangs up when trying to go to large shank drills 10 in Table saw. So cheaply built one can't saw a true straight cut Mitre Saw. Have never been able to square the blade vertically Electric sander. satisfactory Mikita drill, Cut off saw and Bosch grinder are all great. What I'm trying to say is go the extra money and get something better than Delta Don't have a planer or joiner as I have access to the woodshop At Barksdale where they have heavy professional grade equipment. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 04, 2005
Subject: Re: Adventure '05 Crunching the Numbers
In a message dated 8/4/2005 11:47:15 AM Central Standard Time, Mike.Hayes(at)denco.co.uk writes: I imagine you were leaning out on every trip regardless of altitude - is this correct? Following some of the engine related presentations at Oshkosh I think I had better take out some plugs and have a look at them. My understanding now is that a weaker mixture is actually good for engine longevity so I'm now thinking of fitting a mixture control. Mike, I have been leaving it full rich, until I get to an altitude of 4000 or 5000 msl. My next time up, I'm going to follow Chris's suggestion about leaning it out before that. If your engine is running rich, it will deposit more carbon in the engine oil. Another possible cause of running rich, is a float setting that is too high. Does your carb ever drip fuel ? And a possible cause of higher fuel consumption might be using a high power setting, in attempting to sustain a higher speed. I'm pretty sure I can get a consumption of just over 3 gal / hr, if I fly at just over minimum controllable airspeed. For my plane and instruments this is at 1750 to 1800 rpm, which nets about 55 to 60 mph indicated. Can't get there quite as fast, but it's a great way to just take in the beautiful scenery !! Chuck G. NX770CG ps It looks like this weekend I'll be doing some high altitude tests. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "James Dallas" <BEC176(at)msn.com>
Subject: Re: Adventure '05 Crunching the Numbers
Date: Aug 04, 2005
Chuck, The speed you are looking for is Lift over Drag Max--the point where induced drag and parasitic drag co-incide. The slower you go the more induced drag due to lift and the faster you go the more parasitic drag increases. Wished I could've made it to Broadhead, but Uncle Ray wouldn't let me off. Jim Dallas ----- Original Message ----- From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com<mailto:Rcaprd(at)aol.com> To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Thursday, August 04, 2005 4:53 PM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Adventure '05 Crunching the Numbers In a message dated 8/4/2005 11:47:15 AM Central Standard Time, Mike.Hayes(at)denco.co.uk writes: I imagine you were leaning out on every trip regardless of altitude - is this correct? Following some of the engine related presentations at Oshkosh I think I had better take out some plugs and have a look at them. My understanding now is that a weaker mixture is actually good for engine longevity so I'm now thinking of fitting a mixture control. Mike, I have been leaving it full rich, until I get to an altitude of 4000 or 5000 msl. My next time up, I'm going to follow Chris's suggestion about leaning it out before that. If your engine is running rich, it will deposit more carbon in the engine oil. Another possible cause of running rich, is a float setting that is too high. Does your carb ever drip fuel ? And a possible cause of higher fuel consumption might be using a high power setting, in attempting to sustain a higher speed. I'm pretty sure I can get a consumption of just over 3 gal / hr, if I fly at just over minimum controllable airspeed. For my plane and instruments this is at 1750 to 1800 rpm, which nets about 55 to 60 mph indicated. Can't get there quite as fast, but it's a great way to just take in the beautiful scenery !! Chuck G. NX770CG ps It looks like this weekend I'll be doing some high altitude tests. ________________________________________________________________________________ ;
Date: Aug 04, 2005
From: del magsam <farmerdel(at)rocketmail.com>
Subject: Re: Planer Help?????
I have a delta, and it works just fine. It is set up with blades that are mean't to be thrown away, they are sharp on 2 edges so you can reverse them. It costs just as much to sharpen than to buy a new set. but I have a machine to sharpen them, so I do sharpen mine. Del "Textor, Jack" wrote: Hi all, Im looking at Planers for building the Piet. I saw positive comments in the archives on the Delta. The Deltas Ive considered have been 12, two blade, and one speed variety around $250. Im also looking at the DeWalt 734 which is three blade, one speed at $370. And also the DeWalt 735, three blade, two speed at $500. The best pricing for all seem to be at Tool King. Would appreciate any comments on these thoughts. Thanks, Jack T Des Moines Del-New Richmond, Wi "farmerdel(at)rocketmail.com" ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jake Crause" <admin(at)homebuiltairplanes.com>
Subject: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 04, 2005
------------------------------------- Nice work DJ, the DOD's UAV program may even be interested. ------------------------------------- UGG!! Don't say that! They may get rid of us Aero Scouts!! UAVs are EVIL. ;D Great Video DJ. I really like your business concept. I can see some very interesting directions you can take it. Good luck! Jake Crause Piet Builder and Army Scout pilot. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: Perkins "A" mag
Date: Aug 05, 2005
I didn't hear about his problem, but I do know he only runs one mag. I bought one of his double mag set ups and it is on my engine now and working fine so far. I'd very much like to hear what happend as well since my crank driven mag is the same set up. Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Planer Help?????
Date: Aug 05, 2005
From: "Textor, Jack" <jtextor(at)thepalmergroup.com>
Thanks for all the comments! Jim M thanks for the reference to <http://dgroups.woodmagazine.com/n/pfx/forum.aspx?webtagportplaners > www.woodmagazine.com, lots of useful information. Jack ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 05, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 05, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
I used Sitka Spruce. Expensive, but light and strong. During my forced landing last fall it took out a fence post with nothing but a small dent to show for it. Jack Phillips -----Original Message----- May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: Piet at Stinson Field
Date: Aug 05, 2005
Reportedly, the Texas Air Museum at Stinson Field (San Antonio) has acquired a 1932 Pietenpol with a Lambert 5-cylinder radial engine. This airplane was formerly at another museum, possibly Rio Hondo (TX), and I assume it will be in need of restoration. I need to get out there and see what they have! Anybody know the history of this plane, who built it, anything? Know who might be familiar with this engine and could work on it? Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 05, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: Leading edge strip material?
I used a piece of 5/4 clear pine. Or you can look in the regular pine bin and pay less for a good hand picked clear piece. I forget how wide the piece was , but when cut on a bevel it took care of both leading edges. After bolting in place I used my little hand plane (no pun) to shape the both leading edges. There is nothing so satisfying as using a sharp plane to bring a piece down to a perfect, uniform size. walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > ---- > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > ============================================================================ == > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Lynn Knoll" <dknoll(at)cox.net>
Subject: Tail Wheel Attach Fitting
Date: Aug 05, 2005
The plan (Drawing No. 6) shows the two fittings that bolt to the lower longerons. There is no room on top of the longeron for a bolt for the 2 bottom tabs. What did you guys do? Thanks, Lynn Knoll Wichita Piet/Vair ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 05, 2005
From: Javier Cruz <javcr(at)prodigy.net.mx>
Subject: Broadhead
Hi Piets What a great time at Broadhead, see the planes, take movies and pictures of Pietenpols , and the main was the pleasure to meet some Piets listers ,what a group, i will expect that the next year we have more time there.. Just i want to thanks to all for the welcome . Javier Cruz ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Tail Wheel Attach Fitting
Date: Aug 05, 2005
If you are refering to the landing gear attach brackets, make them wider than the plan calls for. The bolts will need to clear the ash cross members. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: Lynn Knoll To: pietenpol list Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 8:33 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Tail Wheel Attach Fitting The plan (Drawing No. 6) shows the two fittings that bolt to the lower longerons. There is no room on top of the longeron for a bolt for the 2 bottom tabs. What did you guys do? Thanks, Lynn Knoll Wichita Piet/Vair ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Tail Wheel Attach Fitting
Date: Aug 05, 2005
Sorry for my last post. I answered about the main gear brackets. On the tail post, I used a piece of stainless rod and thru bolted those fittings. That thru bolt then becomes the anchor for my seat belts and sholder harness. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: Lynn Knoll To: pietenpol list Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 8:33 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Tail Wheel Attach Fitting The plan (Drawing No. 6) shows the two fittings that bolt to the lower longerons. There is no room on top of the longeron for a bolt for the 2 bottom tabs. What did you guys do? Thanks, Lynn Knoll Wichita Piet/Vair ________________________________________________________________________________
From: BARNSTMR(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 06, 2005
Subject: Re: Piet at Stinson Field
Hey Oscar, I saw this airplane about 15 yrs ago. It was sitting in a hangar in Clifton TX. It has taylorcraft wings adapted. It has German markings. Search the archives and you should see some discussion. According to someone's post, it supposedly was flown in dogfight performances a few times while at the Hondo museum. If they need any engine parts, let me know. I have a friend here in Waco that knows how to scrounge that stuff. He had a complete LeBlond radial and some Lambert parts a while back. Terry ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: fabric covering
Date: Aug 06, 2005
Howdy, low 'n' slow fliers; Thanks primarily to the urging of my friend and "online Tech Counselor/A&P" Jeff Scott in Los Alamos, I finally dived into the fabric covering of my vertical stabilizer after doing the needed repairs on the wood. I've never done any fabric work prior to this, and had wanted to hold it to a simple patch repair, but it made more sense to strip the old fabric and recover. What fun! Almost as much fun as woodwork! It went exactly as per the book (Poly-Fiber). Got the fabric measured, cut, and glued to the stabilizer, then heat smoothed, then tautened the fabric (absolute magic!) and applied the first coat of Poly-Brush. It's drying now, to be followed by trying my hand at the modified seine knot (lacing the ribs), applying pinked finishing tapes, then the Poly-Brush, Poly-Spray (silver), and finally the "Federal Yellow" Poly-Tone. To those who haven't yet done fabric work: you can do it! It's fun and rewarding, the system is very forgiving of beginner's roughness, and besides... the Pietenpol was conceived as a "barnyard job" and wouldn't know what to do with an ultra-fancy covering or paint job anyway! Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: young girls building a Piet
Date: Aug 06, 2005
Here's one I had missed. A story about twin 13-year-old girls who are building a Piet! Story is at http://www.airventure.org/2005/satjuly30/around_field.html Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 07, 2005
Hey, I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the first coating, instead of non-taughtening? any thoughts?? Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "tmbrant1(at)netzero.com" <tmbrant1(at)netzero.net>
Date: Aug 07, 2005
Subject: wood landing gear
I'm about to build the landing gear and as I study the plans I see that both sides angle back toward the tailwheel. Several people have told me that when they build theirs that getting this angle just right causes difficulty. I just don't understand why you'd have to angle it anyway because the axle passes straight thru. Con someone enlighten me? Tom B. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "wdmelvin(at)netzero.net" <wdmelvin(at)netzero.net>
Date: Aug 07, 2005
Subject: Re: Long time reader, first time writer
Rick, Yhanks for the info. I have been to the flycorvair site before and was looking for responses from those in the know. Thanks. Rick, Yhanks for the info. I have been to the flycorvair site before and was looking for responses from those in the know. Thanks. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 07, 2005
From: "John and Phyllis Smoyer" <jpsmoyer(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Tail fin orientation
We're about ready to install the tail fin on the Air Camper under construction at the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum in Reading, PA. Does anyone out there know if the fin should be installed at an angle to the aircraft centerline, or should it be aligned parallel to it? We're thinking that maybe one doesn't really know until the airplane flies, and that the fin's mounting brackets should be slotted so adjustments can be made later. Any comments/suggestions would be much appreciated. This is a great site, and we're learning from it every day. Thanks, and best regards to all. John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 07, 2005
From: Harvey Rule <harvey.rule(at)sympatico.ca>
Subject: Re: covering taughtness
I may be wrong but I think it tightens up after your first coat anyway. > Hey, > > I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and > taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't > seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight > like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty > sure that's okay. > > I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, > so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? > > any thoughts?? > > Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Mike King" <mikek120(at)mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Piet at Stinson Field
Date: Aug 07, 2005
Terry, Oscar and the Gang, I stopped at the Clifton airport several years ago enroute to Dallas. The folks there told me about a black homebuilt airplane that resembled a Piet or GN-1. There were not sure what it was but a museum in the Texas Rio Grande Valley came up, bought it and trailered it back to Rio Hondo. A year later, I was in the Valley for a Masonic function but stopped by the Texas Air Museum in Rio Hondo to see the plane. As luck would have it, the museum was hosting its monthly slate of events which included a re-enactment of what they billed as the first aerial dogfight in this country during the days of Poncho Villa. The Piet/GN-1 was dressed in German colors going up against a vintage biplane. John Warren Houston, founder of the museum, flew one of the planes. Both pilots, cropdusters by trade, flew very tight maneuvers just feet above the crowd and did things with those planes that would envy many veteran stunt and aerobatics pilots. By they way, John Warren Houston was featured in a Discovery Wings episode involving the restoration of a World War II fighter that was shot down. Ironically, John found the pilot that was shot down in that plane, flew to Germany and personally invited him to return to Texas. The veteran German pilot flew to Texas where he saw his restored airplane and sat in its cockpit just as he did over half a century ago. Tears were seen on both John and the German aviator. It was a great episode. John later passed away short after the show aired. Since then, the Texas Air Museum in Rio Hondo has moved its planes to other Texas Air Museum Chapters located in Slaton and Stinson Field in San Antonio, the home of the black PIET Oscar made reference to. For more information about the Texas Air Museum, you can go to its web site: www.texasairmuseum.com. When you click on the Slaton Chapter, you will find pictures of the late Jimmy Franklin signing autographs just after his performance there last June....just week before his tragic death. Another great loss. FYI, I have pictures of the black German Piet/GN-1 I photographed at Rio Hondo. If anyone is interested I will send them to you. It is a sweet looking airplane with a radial engine and distinctive markings. Maybe somone can direct me on how to post pictures of the plane for the rest of this group to see. Keep up the great work guys......maybe we can make a Texas Piet/GN-1 fly to Stinson Field. Mike King GN-1 77MK Dallas ----- Original Message ----- From: BARNSTMR(at)aol.com To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Saturday, August 06, 2005 10:52 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Piet at Stinson Field Hey Oscar, I saw this airplane about 15 yrs ago. It was sitting in a hangar in Clifton TX. It has taylorcraft wings adapted. It has German markings. Search the archives and you should see some discussion. According to someone's post, it supposedly was flown in dogfight performances a few times while at the Hondo museum. If they need any engine parts, let me know. I have a friend here in Waco that knows how to scrounge that stuff. He had a complete LeBlond radial and some Lambert parts a while back. Terry ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Mike Whaley" <MerlinFAC(at)cfl.rr.com>
Subject: Re: Piet at Stinson Field / Der Faker Fokker
Date: Aug 08, 2005
I believe that this is "Der Faker Fokker" that was up for sale earlier this year on eBay. I have all the photos and info they posted at that time. Here are the relevant parts of the eBay listing as well as a couple of photos from it. Following the EBay listing is a re-post of a message to this list in which museum director Lee Labar describes the plane, posted here by Mike King on 1/11/2004. (The Jose with an L-19 that Lee mentions is Jose Cano, who helped put the wheels on and some other stuff, but never actually flew this plane. I can provide Jose's email address if you really wanna ask him about it.) Hope this helps. Nifty airplane... I've never seen it in person, unfortunately. -Mike Mike Whaley merlin@ov-10bronco.net Webmaster, OV-10 Bronco Association http://www.ov-10bronco.net/ Pietenpol Air Camper & Radial Engine, WW1 Fokker Seller information: texasairmuseum ( 0 ) Feedback Score: 0 feedback reviews Member since Feb-06-05 in United States Pietenpol Air Camper & Radial Engine, WW1 Fokker Vehicle Description Der Faker Fokker This is the most unique Pietenpol Air Camper you'll ever find! Dubbed "Der Faker Fokker," it was designed to resemble a 1918 German WW1 fighter. Instead of the conventional Model A Ford engine in a standard Pietpenpol, this plane has a very rare 1932 Lambert 5 cylinder radial engine. It also has Jenny style landing gear and replica machine guns. This Air Camper has been owned by the Texas Air Museum of Rio Hondo, Texas since 1993, and was a real crowd pleaser at airshows and fly-ins. It was issued it's Airworthiness Certificate in December of 1979. Technical Details: Engine - 1932 90 HP Lambert Wing Span - 29 ft Length - 17 ft, 8 in Height - 6 ft, 6in Empty Weight - 610 lbs Fuel Capacity - 10 Gallons Landing Speed - 40 mph Cruise Speed - 70 mph Engine Total Time - approximately 1290 hours Der Faker Fokker was last flown in December of 2003, when the museum's flying activities were ceased. It's last annual was on 2/1/03. It has always been hangared and does not have any damage from crashes or otherwise. While we do not expect any problems getting the plane current again, you are encouraged to inspect the plane or ask questions before bidding, as we will not be liable for any problems incurred. Buyer must pick up aircraft from it's current location in Rio Hondo, TX (south Texas, near Brownsville, TX). It will need to be trailed from the location. There are airports nearby with repair facilities available. Please visit http://www.texasairmuseum.com/pietenpol/index.htm for high resolution pictures. Email any questions to tam(at)rgv.rr.com Thanks! --------------------------------------------- Hello Mike, Nick forwarded me your inquiries about the Texas Air Museum Pietenpol Air Camper. First, to give you some background, I took over as director ( a volunteer position) for the museum when John Houston died in November of 2002. I had the privilege of working with John for several years before his death, but I mainly handled his crop spraying and personal business interests. My knowledge of the museum and its exhibits is rather limited. Nonetheless, here's what I know about the Pietenpol. According to the paperwork I have, N36RN (serial number RN1) was built by Robert H. Northcutt of Monterrey, California. He built the aircraft to resemble a WWI German fighter, using Jenny style fixed gear, fake machine guns, insignia, and paint scheme. The airplane is dubbed "Der Faker Fokker" for obvious reasons. The airworthiness certificate I have was issued on December 20, 1979. The specs and performance stats I have for the aircraft are as follows: wing span- 29', wing cord- 5', length overall- 17' 8", height overall, 6'6", landing gear tread- 56", propeller- 6' 4" diameter, weight empty- 610 lbs., fuel capacity- 10 gallons, climb full load- over 200' first minute, hi speed- 90 mph, landing speed- 40 mph. The engine on N36RN is a 1930 Lambert model R-266 five cylinder radial, serial number 3076-TC-38. It is rated at 90 hp at 2350 rpm and weighs 214 lbs. Over the years around here, I have heard it referred to as "Babe Ruth's engine," implying that this particular engine may have been owned at one time by the baseball legend. That may or may not be a bunch of baloney as far as I know. There seems to be a lot of that produced within aviator circles. As of yet I haven't seen any documentation to back up this claim. In April of 1984, the aircraft was registered to Ted F. Mayo of Nemo, Texas. I have no idea where Nemo is, but I believe it's correct that the Pietenpol came here from Clifton, Texas. I went to the airport there a few years back to look at an Agcat that was for sale there and I ran into a guy who said he was a member of the Texas Air Museum and that he had helped get the Pietenpol to Rio Hondo some years back. A nice fellow; I think his name was Jose something-or-other. He was restoring an L-19 Bird Dog at the time. I am assuming that the museum acquired the Pietenpol because of its appearance as a WWI German mockup. John Houston owned a 7/8 scale SE5a replica (lost in a crash here last month) which was used to battle the Pietenpol during some of the Fly-Ins here at the museum each year. It was an impressive sight, enhanced by the unique drone if the Lambert radial on the Pietenpol. As far as the flight characteristics of the aircraft are concerned, I wouldn't know as I have never flown it. I have been told it is a little squirrelly in the turns and that if landed on pavement, it seems to get faster and faster after touchdown. Judging from a couple of the squirrels I've seen flying the aircraft, it can't be all that bad. That's about all I can think to tell you about our Pietenpol. I am attaching a few of the pictures I have of it. Feel free to pass this information on to people in your group. Please keep in mind my lack of qualified knowledge of the information I've given you. The fellow you spoke to here the other day is Glenn Vance. He is one of the long time volunteers here at the museum. I know he has some pretty good photos of the Pietenpol he intends to scan and email to you if he hasn't done it already. I appreciate you letting your group know about our museum. Please let them know we are in constant need of financial support (of course.) Publicity within aviation circles is a big help. We aren't very well known yet, but there is a really nice collection in the making here. I hope to take the ingredients that John Houston left behind and form them into a tool for educating future generations about aviation history. Stay tuned to the Texas Air Museum website for updates on our progress. If you get the opportunity, come down and take a look for yourself. Sincerely, Lee Labar Museum Director Texas Air Museum of the Rio Grande Valley 1 Mile East FM 106 PO Box 70 Rio Hondo TX 78583-0070 phone (956) 748-2112 fax (956) 748-3500 email: tds2(at)att.net ________________________________________________________________________________
From: TBYH(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Subject: A/N Hardware
Up early this morning to watch the shuttle land...Just wondering if anyone has ever cataloged the various A/N nuts, bolts and other hardware used in a Piet. I'm building a straight-axle, Ford A-powered Piet and am not all that comfortable yet with going from the old hardware spec'd on the 1933 plans to the latter-day aircraft grade hardware. I'm currently building the landing gear for may plane. Also, yesterday afternoon, I set the dual control stick assembly into place. Will post some pictures of my project one of these days soon. By the way, I purchased my control stick assembly, rudder bar and the lower fuselage landing gear and lift strut attach fittings from Ken Perkins. I offer a totally unsolicited endorsement of Ken's work -- it is gorgeous workmanship and, in my case, will save me untold hours of trying to learn to weld and to build these parts correctly, not to mention will save me the worry about flying with metal parts that I had welded. I know that part of the Piet process is to learn various skills and to do it yourself, but for me it just makes sense to let a real pro make parts like these vital components. Thanks in advance for any help with the A/N hardware! Fred B. La Crosse, WI ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Piet at Stinson Field
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Lowell Frank now has a Lambert radial on his Pietenpol and probably knows more about the Lambert engine than anyone else in the country. Jack Phillips Raleigh, NC -----Original Message----- Reportedly, the Texas Air Museum at Stinson Field (San Antonio) has acquired a 1932 Pietenpol with a Lambert 5-cylinder radial engine. This airplane was formerly at another museum, possibly Rio Hondo (TX), and I assume it will be in need of restoration. I need to get out there and see what they have! Anybody know the history of this plane, who built it, anything? Know who might be familiar with this engine and could work on it? Oscar Zuniga ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Broadhead
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Hola Javier, It was a great pleasure to meet you and put a face with a name. I've seen your name of posts to the list for years, but now I know what you look like. It was good to meet you and your friends and family. Jack Phillips Raleigh, NC -----Original Message----- Hi Piets What a great time at Broadhead, see the planes, take movies and pictures of Pietenpols , and the main was the pleasure to meet some Piets listers ,what a group, i will expect that the next year we have more time there.. Just i want to thanks to all for the welcome . Javier Cruz ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Tail fin orientation
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
I made two sets of holes for my fin - one set aligned staight with the centerline and another set offset to counteract the engine torque. I first installed it on the centerline but after the first couple of flights I changed to the offset holes. Whether you need to do this depends on your engine installation, and how much right thrust and downthrust your engine mount provides. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Subject: Pietenpol-List: Tail fin orientation We're about ready to install the tail fin on the Air Camper under construction at the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum in Reading, PA. Does anyone out there know if the fin should be installed at an angle to the aircraft centerline, or should it be aligned parallel to it? We're thinking that maybe one doesn't really know until the airplane flies, and that the fin's mounting brackets should be slotted so adjustments can be made later. Any comments/suggestions would be much appreciated. This is a great site, and we're learning from it every day. Thanks, and best regards to all. John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: wood landing gear
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Hi Tom, I really struggled with this when building mine. The problem is, if you have the V blocks at the ends of the struts parallel to the aircraft centerline, you cannot get the struts to fit properly at the fuselage and at the V blocks - you can get a good fit at one or the other, but not both. It is geometrically impossible. I cut countless sets of struts (fortunately in scrap pine before committing to expensive spruce), trying to get the angles just right to fit well at the fuselage and at the V blocks. Finally, I suspended the fuselage from the ceiling and made a jig to hold the V blocks at just the right height. I then ran a string representing the outboard leading edge of each strut down to the V blocks. Since the outboard surfaces of the landing gear struts have to be in the same plane if they are to fit well at the fuselage, I could then twist the V block on the jig until the two strings on each side were in line with each other. At that point I marked the angle of the V block. When I made scrap struts to fit the V block at that angle, everything fit perfectly. The angle of the V block is very close to the angle required to point it at the tailwheel. Whether this is by design or just coincidence I don't know. I have some photos of my setup that I can email if you'd like, but they are too large to put on the list. Jack Phillips NX899JP Raleigh, NC -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of tmbrant1(at)netzero.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: wood landing gear I'm about to build the landing gear and as I study the plans I see that both sides angle back toward the tailwheel. Several people have told me that when they build theirs that getting this angle just right causes difficulty. I just don't understand why you'd have to angle it anyway because the axle passes straight thru. Con someone enlighten me? Tom B. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
Thanks to all who helped me, this time on the leading edge. Over the weekend, I picked up a long length of 2x6 fir. It comes almost clear in 14' lengths. I priced out 5/4" clear pine, sitka, hand railing, and 3/4" clear pine to laminate. I ended up ripping the 2x6 about four times to rough it out, clamped it to the wing assembly, and used a block plane. Eight dollars for the lumber, and a little labor and fun. Thank you all for your good advice. By mixing and matching all advice to my style and capability, I have found good solutions to help me advance my project quickly. After the outboard wings are glue up, I'll work on the (36") center section, and will need to think about fabricating a gas tank at some point. Thank you all again. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of walt evans Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? I used a piece of 5/4 clear pine. Or you can look in the regular pine bin and pay less for a good hand picked clear piece. I forget how wide the piece was , but when cut on a bevel it took care of both leading edges. After bolting in place I used my little hand plane (no pun) to shape the both leading edges. There is nothing so satisfying as using a sharp plane to bring a piece down to a perfect, uniform size. walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > > -- ---- > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > ======================================================================== ==== == > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
Once the weave is rendered immovable with the first coat of primer, or poly brush it will seem tighter. Before the weave is filled the individual fibers are not locked in place which give it the drum tight feel your looking for. Trust the process and make sure your iron is calibrated. Steve E -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Harvey Rule Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness I may be wrong but I think it tightens up after your first coat anyway. > Hey, > > I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and > taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't > seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight > like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty > sure that's okay. > > I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, > so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? > > any thoughts?? > > Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Rick Holland <at7000ft(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Landing gear design
Since we are on the subject of landing gear, on thing I didn't measure on anyone's Piet at Broadhead was the distance from the bottom longerons to the ground at the main gear. I did measure most peoples deck angles and found a range of 10 to 13 degrees. Anyhow with my tail wheel installed to get a deck angle of 12 degrees the bottom longeron to ground measurement will need to be around 32". What's interesting is that the 1933 plans show this distance to be about 25" but the Flyer and Glider Manual wood gear plans show the axle 17" below the bottom longeron with a 26" wheel, which after figuring tire diameter comes out to about the 32" that I figure I need. Can anyone see where I am calculating wrong here? Thanks -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Landing gear design
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Rick, are those figures with the plane sitting level, or with the tailwheel on the ground? I'll try to measure mine the next time I'm at the airport, but I think your figures are about right. Mine has 21" wheels and I had to add a step to be able to get in it (couldn't swing my leg over the cockpit coaming, even though I have long legs) so 32" is probably about right. I think my deck angle is about 12 to 13 degrees. Jack Phillips NX899JP "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Rick Holland Subject: Pietenpol-List: Landing gear design Since we are on the subject of landing gear, on thing I didn't measure on anyone's Piet at Broadhead was the distance from the bottom longerons to the ground at the main gear. I did measure most peoples deck angles and found a range of 10 to 13 degrees. Anyhow with my tail wheel installed to get a deck angle of 12 degrees the bottom longeron to ground measurement will need to be around 32". What's interesting is that the 1933 plans show this distance to be about 25" but the Flyer and Glider Manual wood gear plans show the axle 17" below the bottom longeron with a 26" wheel, which after figuring tire diameter comes out to about the 32" that I figure I need. Can anyone see where I am calculating wrong here? Thanks -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "John and Phyllis Smoyer" <jpsmoyer(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: Tail fin orientation
Thanks for the quick response, Jack. How far did you offset the holes? Any guess at how many degress of offset you used? ' Thanks, John S ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Rick Holland <at7000ft(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Re: Landing gear design
Thanks Jack, I am measuring down with a long straightedge perpendicular to the top longerons and through the centerline of the axles so this measurement should be the same with the tail up or down (I think). On 8/8/05, Phillips, Jack wrote: > > Rick, are those figures with the plane sitting level, or with the > tailwheel on the ground? I'll try to measure mine the next time I'm at the > airport, but I think your figures are about right. Mine has 21" wheels and I > had to add a step to be able to get in it (couldn't swing my leg over the > cockpit coaming, even though I have long legs) so 32" is probably about > right. I think my deck angle is about 12 to 13 degrees. > > Jack Phillips > > NX899JP > > "Icarus Plummet" > > -----Original Message----- > *From:* owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto: > owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] *On Behalf Of *Rick Holland > *Sent:* Monday, August 08, 2005 9:25 AM > *To:* pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > *Subject:* Pietenpol-List: Landing gear design > > Since we are on the subject of landing gear, on thing I didn't measure on > anyone's Piet at Broadhead was the distance from the bottom longerons to the > ground at the main gear. I did measure most peoples deck angles and found a > range of 10 to 13 degrees. Anyhow with my tail wheel installed to get a deck > angle of 12 degrees the bottom longeron to ground measurement will need to > be around 32". > > What's interesting is that the 1933 plans show this distance to be about > 25" but the Flyer and Glider Manual wood gear plans show the axle 17" below > the bottom longeron with a 26" wheel, which after figuring tire diameter > comes out to about the 32" that I figure I need. > > Can anyone see where I am calculating wrong here? > > Thanks > > -- > Rick Holland > -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "John and Phyllis Smoyer" <jpsmoyer(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, but the numbers don't correspond directly to the length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire length, so you can run into problems there, also. I found this site on google, and it looks like it can tell you all you need to know. http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm. It even includes a down-loadable program. HOpe this helps. Best Regards, John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Edwin Johnson <elj(at)shreve.net>
Subject: Re: covering taughtness
Hello Douwe, > From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net> > When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum > tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as > most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? As a Stits/Poly Fibre user, there are alarm bells going off when I read this and a reply about the first coat making it tighter. What system of covering are you using on this plane? Please tell me this is _not_ the Poly Fibre system being used. ...Edwin "Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, there you long to return."-- da Vinci ... www.shreve.net/~elj ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Tail fin orientation
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
I think they were offset about =BE" to 1", or about 3 degrees as I recall. Jack -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of John and Phyllis Smoyer Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Tail fin orientation Thanks for the quick response, Jack. How far did you offset the holes? Any guess at how many degress of offset you used? ' Thanks, John S ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Eric Williams" <ewilliams805(at)msn.com>
Subject: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Wow - really impressive DJ. Am I the only one who thought there must be plenty of sunbathing beauties there in Phoenix that might help to calibrate the zoom lens on this thing? Eric >From: "DJ Vegh" <djv(at)imagedv.com> >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: >Subject: Pietenpol-List: OT - unmanned helicopter camera progress >Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2005 13:00:53 -0700 > >just thought I'd share a video I shot and edited today using my robotic >unmanned helicopter/camera rig. > >the gyro stabilizer on the camera mount smooths out the motion VERY well. > this damn helicopter project is keeping me from the GN-1 but hey.... it's >fun and the GN-1 can wait. I'll finish it one day! ;) Besides this thing >ought to provide income where the GN-1 likes to burn it up! > > http://www.azchoppercam.com/portfolio/video/flight.wmv > >DJ Vegh >www.azchoppercam.com ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 08, 2005
I did hear once where a guy was covering with Dacron and he used the heater to the point where it actually broke ribs inside the wing.Be aware. -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Eldredge Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Once the weave is rendered immovable with the first coat of primer, or poly brush it will seem tighter. Before the weave is filled the individual fibers are not locked in place which give it the drum tight feel your looking for. Trust the process and make sure your iron is calibrated. Steve E -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Harvey Rule Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness I may be wrong but I think it tightens up after your first coat anyway. > Hey, > > I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and > taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't > seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight > like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty > sure that's okay. > > I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, > so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? > > any thoughts?? > > Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: wood landing gear
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Tom If you need help with setting them up, give me a call. Also, I have a spare set you can use a guide to setting yours up. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: "tmbrant1(at)netzero.com" <tmbrant1(at)netzero.net> Subject: Pietenpol-List: wood landing gear > > > > I'm about to build the landing gear and as I study the plans I see that > both sides angle back toward the tailwheel. Several people have told me > that when they build theirs that getting this angle just right causes > difficulty. I just don't understand why you'd have to angle it anyway > because the axle passes straight thru. Con someone enlighten me? > > Tom B. > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Tail fin orientation
Date: Aug 08, 2005
At Broadhead I saw a couple of Piets that had the forward mount bracket spaced extra wide with a shim on each side so that offset could be easily adjusted. I don't recall who that was. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: John and Phyllis Smoyer To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Sunday, August 07, 2005 4:48 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Tail fin orientation We're about ready to install the tail fin on the Air Camper under construction at the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum in Reading, PA. Does anyone out there know if the fin should be installed at an angle to the aircraft centerline, or should it be aligned parallel to it? We're thinking that maybe one doesn't really know until the airplane flies, and that the fin's mounting brackets should be slotted so adjustments can be made later. Any comments/suggestions would be much appreciated. This is a great site, and we're learning from it every day. Thanks, and best regards to all. John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: Leading edge strip material?
John-- just catching up on all my e-mails. Sounds like you got some good advice. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: group photo at Brodhead with Javier
Guys-- Can anyone put a name with the gent in the orange shirt ? I want to say Terry Bowden but not sure. Sorry about that. L-R are Ed Grentzer, Family or friend of Javier, Jim Markle, Javier, Jack Phillips, John Hofman, and myself. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "tmbrant1(at)netzero.com" <tmbrant1(at)netzero.net>
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Subject: wood landing gear
I'd be interested in seeing the photos. Tom B. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: Tail fin orientation
Date: Aug 08, 2005
John writes- >Does anyone out there know if the fin should be installed at an angle >to the aircraft centerline, or should it be aligned parallel to it? Funny you should ask. I'll soon be ready to reinstall my vertical stabilizer and was thinking about offsetting the leading edge to help take out some of the need to hold right rudder. Corky added a fixed trim tab to the trailing edge of the rudder and that helps, but I figured I can offset the leading edge of the VS about an inch to the port side (counterclockwise rotation if you view it from above, pivoting about the rudder hinge line). The airplane has an A-65; if you are running a Corvair, I think you'd need to offset in the other direction. Comments from anybody who's tried offsetting their VS would be appreciated. And a few photos on the VS recovering are at the top of http://www.flysquirrel.net/piets/repairs/repairs.html Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jake Crause" <admin(at)homebuiltairplanes.com>
Subject: More Rib fun
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Pieters, I've finally got around to lofting the rib onto my rib jig and am pretty happy with the profile given some of the variations in the dimensions given in the drawings. I'm plotting the locations of the spars and ran across a couple of questions. 1. Are the bottoms of the spars supposed to be beveled to match the rib profile? If so, is the starting dimension supposed to be 4 3/4 then beveled as needed or must the beveled dimension be no less than 4 3/4 on its shortest side after beveling? 2. From the horizontal reference line the top of the front spar is at 5 1/8" and so is the top of the rear spar. Taking into account the 1/4 cap strip the bottom of the front spar is at 5/16" above the reference line and the bottom of the rear spar is at 1/2". This tells me that the rear spar must be shorter. Is this correct or am I missing something. Thanks. Jake Crause P.S. I am using 3/4" spars and the locations I have them plotted are: 1. Front face of the front spar is 6 7/8" from LE of wing. 2. Front face of rear spar is 28" from rear face of front spar. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jake Crause" <admin(at)homebuiltairplanes.com>
Subject: More Rib fun
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Another rib question. Where did you find the locations of the verticals (only used on end ribs)? Are they just equal distance between the spars? I noticed they do not appear to be vertical. Do I just get them about as perpendicular between the two capstrips as possible and base the diagonals off of that? Maybe I'm over thinking it. Thanks. Jake Crause ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: barnstmr(at)aol.com
Subject: Re: group photo at Brodhead with Javier
Sorry, not me. That guy's a lot better looking than me. I still hope to make my first broadhead fly-in next year. Terry L. Bowden -----Original Message----- From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov> Subject: Pietenpol-List: group photo at Brodhead with Javier Guys-- Can anyone put a name with the gent in the orange shirt ? I want to say Terry Bowden but not sure. Sorry about that. L-R are Ed Grentzer, Family or friend of Javier, Jim Markle, Javier, Jack Phillips, John Hofman, and myself. Mike C. Attached Image: Bhead05GroupPhoto.jpg [Image removed] ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Subject: Re: group photo at Brodhead with Javier
Sure is easy to pick out the Suthun gentlemen in this pic. Orange shirt has to be a yankee as he is too good looking to be a reb. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Subject: Re: group photo at Brodhead with Javier
From: John Hofmann <jhofmann(at)reesgroupinc.com>
I am still taken by the good looks and obvious charm of the =B3properly sized=B2 gentleman in the ballcap and sweatshirt standing next to Javier. :) -john- Do no archive. > Sure is easy to pick out the Suthun gentlemen in this pic. Orange shirt has to > be a yankee as he is too good looking to be a reb. > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jake Crause" <admin(at)homebuiltairplanes.com>
Subject: More Rib fun
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Well, I did some more digging and came across a discussion on this topic in Sep 99. I'm glad I wasn't the only one that ran into that problem. Anyway, the 4 possible fixes that were discussed were: 1. Notch the capstrip a bit to allow the spar to fit. I believe, once glued, this would be very strong and would not affect rib strength. Walt Evans did this. 2. Bevel the spar as required to get it to fit. The downside is it Removes spar material. 3. Go with a slightly undersized spar and still use the wedges. The downside is slightly weaker spar but still has a flat top unlike #2. 4. Notch the spar where the rib joins. I don't like this idea because of the stress riser imposed. I like number 1 personally. Does anyone see a problem with doing this? One point that was brought up during the Sep 99 discussion was that many designs don't even have a capstrip over the spar. A small notch, with a proper glue joint, should be as strong as one without a notch. Anyway, thanks for listening. Look forward to hearing from you. Jake -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Jake Crause Subject: Pietenpol-List: More Rib fun Pieters, I've finally got around to lofting the rib onto my rib jig and am pretty happy with the profile given some of the variations in the dimensions given in the drawings. I'm plotting the locations of the spars and ran across a couple of questions. 1. Are the bottoms of the spars supposed to be beveled to match the rib profile? If so, is the starting dimension supposed to be 4 3/4 then beveled as needed or must the beveled dimension be no less than 4 3/4 on its shortest side after beveling? 2. From the horizontal reference line the top of the front spar is at 5 1/8" and so is the top of the rear spar. Taking into account the 1/4 cap strip the bottom of the front spar is at 5/16" above the reference line and the bottom of the rear spar is at 1/2". This tells me that the rear spar must be shorter. Is this correct or am I missing something. Thanks. Jake Crause P.S. I am using 3/4" spars and the locations I have them plotted are: 1. Front face of the front spar is 6 7/8" from LE of wing. 2. Front face of rear spar is 28" from rear face of front spar. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
Edwin, Don't worry, I think if you carefully re-read, I am not saying that anything gets tighter, it just seems tighter when the fiber strands cannot move relative to each other. Imagine the difference between a trampoline and a trampoline that has been coated with ice. I'm trying to describe a difference in flexibility, that might be mistaken as tightness. Like I say, follow the process for your specific manufacture and make sure your iron is calibrated and all will be well with the world. I only bring this up since I had a similar concern comparing my 375 degree tightened but raw fabric to that of a crop dusters finish painted surface. I was worried that my fabric was still loose, until I filled the weave and painted, then viola! Everything was normal, including the satisfying drum sound when you plink at the new surface. BTW my most recent covering job is a Stinson with Air-Tech last week. (Not Poly-Fiber) Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Edwin Johnson Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Hello Douwe, > From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net> > When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum > tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as > most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? As a Stits/Poly Fibre user, there are alarm bells going off when I read this and a reply about the first coat making it tighter. What system of covering are you using on this plane? Please tell me this is _not_ the Poly Fibre system being used. ...Edwin "Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, there you long to return."-- da Vinci ... www.shreve.net/~elj ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 08, 2005
From: Javier Cruz <javcr(at)prodigy.net.mx>
Subject: Broadhead
Thanks Jack, it was a pleasure to meet you and all of the group too.. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Mike Whaley" <MerlinFAC(at)cfl.rr.com>
Subject: What's a Mini Jini, and why would you stretch a Piet wing?
Date: Aug 08, 2005
Hi yall I seem to recall that there's a Piet variant out there known as a "Mini Jini" with a JN-4 style tail and fake radiator and longer wings. I'm not sure if this is a one-off or supplemental plans, or what... does anyone know anything about this? I sat in one at SNF a couple years ago, at least I think that's what it was. Unfortunately I can't remember the gentlemans's name who owned it, I think he was from the gulf coast of Florida. I remember that he said that the wings had been extended... either 4 feet total or 4 ft. per side, I can't remember... what effect on performance does this change really have? Just curious... Mike Mike Whaley merlin@ov-10bronco.net Webmaster, OV-10 Bronco Association http://www.ov-10bronco.net/ ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "tmbrant1(at)netzero.com" <tmbrant1(at)netzero.net>
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: More Rib fun
I plan to use the beveled spar method, although I don't see anything wrong with any of the ways you've sugested. Hadn't thought about notching the ribs but I tend to use the easiest way I can think of which, to me is beveling the spars... The only draw back to this is slightly increased weight (over a sq. spar with wedges) but we're talking minimal difference.. My two cents... Tom B. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "tmbrant1(at)netzero.com" <tmbrant1(at)netzero.net>
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: Re: wood landing gear
Dick, I'll take you up on that... I think I need to research a bit more about location of mine based on using the corvair engine and long fuselage (isn't yours a short fuse with Continental??) Once I figure out location you and I should get together and review your installation. Are you still at Crystal or have you moved yet? Tom B. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
One of the best coverings I ever had was Tedlar.Fantastic stuff.You could see through it. It shrunk everytime beautifully.Even when people would come along and try to put their finger through it all you had to do was just hit it with the heat again and all the little puckers would come out.I wish I could get my hands on that stuff again but it's hard to come by now.It was used quite extensively in the Lazair ultralight.It lasted forever even with out covering in the sun.Mylar is not as good.One season and it is like thin glass.Hit it with your finger and it shatters.I had my covering on from 1980 to 1996 when I sold the plane and for all I know it's still on there. -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Eldredge Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Edwin, Don't worry, I think if you carefully re-read, I am not saying that anything gets tighter, it just seems tighter when the fiber strands cannot move relative to each other. Imagine the difference between a trampoline and a trampoline that has been coated with ice. I'm trying to describe a difference in flexibility, that might be mistaken as tightness. Like I say, follow the process for your specific manufacture and make sure your iron is calibrated and all will be well with the world. I only bring this up since I had a similar concern comparing my 375 degree tightened but raw fabric to that of a crop dusters finish painted surface. I was worried that my fabric was still loose, until I filled the weave and painted, then viola! Everything was normal, including the satisfying drum sound when you plink at the new surface. BTW my most recent covering job is a Stinson with Air-Tech last week. (Not Poly-Fiber) Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Edwin Johnson Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Hello Douwe, > From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net> > When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum > tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as > most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? As a Stits/Poly Fibre user, there are alarm bells going off when I read this and a reply about the first coat making it tighter. What system of covering are you using on this plane? Please tell me this is _not_ the Poly Fibre system being used. ...Edwin "Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, there you long to return."-- da Vinci ... www.shreve.net/~elj ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 09, 2005
From: Jim Markle <jim_markle(at)mindspring.com>
Subject: More Rib fun
The only draw back to this is slightly increased weight (over a sq. spar with wedges) but we're talking minimal difference.. Well, I used a beveled spar on my center section and that sure wasn't the only drawback, at least for me....I made the spar sizing close enough to the inside of the rib that I could get a nice T88 bond.....took FOREVER to slide the ribs on the spar....I would try it on a short test piece before I tried sliding ribs across a 13-14 foot piece of beveled spar.....I was amazed at what that close tolerance did to the process..... Maybe BHP did the "square spar with wedges" method after trying to slide ribs on a beveled spar....I sure did! And I have to wonder if the benefit of the top capstrip bonding to that beveled spar surface (most likely in tension, so that epoxy joint is virtually useless anyway....) gains for the structure? I'll bet not much.....certainly not worth the darn headache, imho.... JM ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Frank Metcalfe" <fmetcalf(at)bellsouth.net>
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
What method are you using. Poly Fiber? -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com]On Behalf Of Douwe Blumberg Sent: Sunday, August 07, 2005 2:31 PM To: pietenpolgroup Subject: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Hey, I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the first coating, instead of non-taughtening? any thoughts?? Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 09, 2005
From: Bill Smith <ocleju(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Alternative Engines - Geo/Suzuki
Alternative Engines - Geo/Suzuki If you are interested in alternative engines for experimental aircraft you are invited to join the flyGeo_uncensored group and learn about the fantastic Geo/Suzuki engines used in aircraft. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FlyGeo_uncensored Both bolt on gearbox and cog belt redrives and all other aircraft conversion parts are available for very reasonable cost. Turbo versions are available also. Gearbox type redrives for around US$1750- The Geo/Suzuki engine uses about half the fuel that the two stroke engines use. The 1.3 litre four cylinder Suzuki engine beats the Rotax 912 in power and weight, again both gearbox and belt type redrives are available. The Geo/Suzuki one litre engine weighs a little more than a Rotax 582, it produces 62 HP normally aspirated but with a better, flatter torque curve. All those advantages plus flying engines with the hours up to prove them and last but not lease, far, far cheaper than a Rotax two or four stroke engine. One person on the group has over 1000 hours on one installation. FlyGeo_uncensored is a very active and helpful group that is also a fun group and is not doubt one of the fastest growing aircraft alternative engine groups. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FlyGeo_uncensored The FlyGeo_uncensored Management ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Gordon Bowen" <gbowen(at)ptialaska.net>
Subject: Re: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Harvey, Tedlar was the original house wraping white sheet from DuPont, I've gotta assume still is. Think it's still available in clear or colored sheet/rolls., ck out DuPont Plastic Products and Resins website for distributors of Mylar etc. FYI, its that same product sales group of Tedlar and Mylar at DuPont that has the product Kapton (thin film verson of Kevlar), it's the gold coated film used for the solar arrays in most all space vehicles. Gordon ----- Original Message ----- From: <harvey.rule(at)bell.ca> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > One of the best coverings I ever had was Tedlar.Fantastic stuff.You > could see through it. > It shrunk everytime beautifully.Even when people would come along and > try to put their finger through it all you had to do was just hit it > with the heat again and all the little puckers would come out.I wish I > could get my hands on that stuff again but it's hard to come by now.It > was used quite extensively in the Lazair ultralight.It lasted forever > even with out covering in the sun.Mylar is not as good.One season and it > is like thin glass.Hit it with your finger and it shatters.I had my > covering on from 1980 to 1996 when I sold the plane and for all I know > it's still on there. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve > Eldredge > Sent: August 8, 2005 7:01 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > > Edwin, > > Don't worry, I think if you carefully re-read, I am not saying that > anything gets tighter, it just seems tighter when the fiber strands > cannot move relative to each other. Imagine the difference between a > trampoline and a trampoline that has been coated with ice. I'm trying > to describe a difference in flexibility, that might be mistaken as > tightness. > > Like I say, follow the process for your specific manufacture and make > sure your iron is calibrated and all will be well with the world. > > I only bring this up since I had a similar concern comparing my 375 > degree tightened but raw fabric to that of a crop dusters finish painted > surface. I was worried that my fabric was still loose, until I filled > the weave and painted, then viola! Everything was normal, including the > satisfying drum sound when you plink at the new surface. > > BTW my most recent covering job is a Stinson with Air-Tech last week. > (Not Poly-Fiber) > > Stevee > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Edwin > Johnson > Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 8:29 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > > Hello Douwe, > > > From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net> > > > When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum > > > tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as > > > most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's > okay. > > > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? > > As a Stits/Poly Fibre user, there are alarm bells going off when I read > this and a reply about the first coat making it tighter. > > What system of covering are you using on this plane? Please tell me this > > is _not_ the Poly Fibre system being used. > > ...Edwin > _______________________________________________________ > "Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned > skyward, for there you have been, there you > long to return."-- da Vinci ... www.shreve.net/~elj > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
Cool ,thanks for the info. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Gordon Bowen Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Harvey, Tedlar was the original house wraping white sheet from DuPont, I've gotta assume still is. Think it's still available in clear or colored sheet/rolls., ck out DuPont Plastic Products and Resins website for distributors of Mylar etc. FYI, its that same product sales group of Tedlar and Mylar at DuPont that has the product Kapton (thin film verson of Kevlar), it's the gold coated film used for the solar arrays in most all space vehicles. Gordon ----- Original Message ----- From: <harvey.rule(at)bell.ca> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > One of the best coverings I ever had was Tedlar.Fantastic stuff.You > could see through it. > It shrunk everytime beautifully.Even when people would come along and > try to put their finger through it all you had to do was just hit it > with the heat again and all the little puckers would come out.I wish I > could get my hands on that stuff again but it's hard to come by now.It > was used quite extensively in the Lazair ultralight.It lasted forever > even with out covering in the sun.Mylar is not as good.One season and it > is like thin glass.Hit it with your finger and it shatters.I had my > covering on from 1980 to 1996 when I sold the plane and for all I know > it's still on there. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve > Eldredge > Sent: August 8, 2005 7:01 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > > Edwin, > > Don't worry, I think if you carefully re-read, I am not saying that > anything gets tighter, it just seems tighter when the fiber strands > cannot move relative to each other. Imagine the difference between a > trampoline and a trampoline that has been coated with ice. I'm trying > to describe a difference in flexibility, that might be mistaken as > tightness. > > Like I say, follow the process for your specific manufacture and make > sure your iron is calibrated and all will be well with the world. > > I only bring this up since I had a similar concern comparing my 375 > degree tightened but raw fabric to that of a crop dusters finish painted > surface. I was worried that my fabric was still loose, until I filled > the weave and painted, then viola! Everything was normal, including the > satisfying drum sound when you plink at the new surface. > > BTW my most recent covering job is a Stinson with Air-Tech last week. > (Not Poly-Fiber) > > Stevee > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Edwin > Johnson > Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 8:29 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness > > > Hello Douwe, > > > From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net> > > > When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum > > > tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as > > > most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's > okay. > > > > My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the > > first coating, instead of non-taughtening? > > As a Stits/Poly Fibre user, there are alarm bells going off when I read > this and a reply about the first coat making it tighter. > > What system of covering are you using on this plane? Please tell me this > > is _not_ the Poly Fibre system being used. > > ...Edwin > _______________________________________________________ > "Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned > skyward, for there you have been, there you > long to return."-- da Vinci ... www.shreve.net/~elj > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: covering tautness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
All this talk about fabric tautness is of great interest for me at the moment. One thing I've seen over and over in the Poly-Fiber manual is that if you overtemp your iron (over 350F, for Poly-Fiber), you will not only NOT increase the tautness, you will permanently lose what it already has. Think "melt", "yield", or "plastic deformation"! I'm assuming that when Steve E. mentioned 375F, he was not referring to Poly-Fiber ("Stits"), but something else. According to the Poly-Fiber manual, you cannot hurt the fabric by leaving the iron sitting on any one spot or by ironing it too much, as long as you are running your iron below that 350F number and it's a calibrated iron. Use 225 to 250F for heat-smoothing and initial tautening, then cranking up to 325 and to a max of 350F as is required for any STC'd fabric job. At least that's what the book says... my only experience so far is in covering one vertical stabilizer, but I didn't want to have to do it twice so I've read the book quite a few times along the way! As Stevee mentioned, the tautened fabric won't have that drum-head feel until you apply the coatings. Then the whole thing becomes a uniform membrane rather than an assembly of individual strands and it takes on that nice drummy feel. Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: antique airplane assn
Date: Aug 09, 2005
After past discussion of AAA, I looked them up today. Looks interesting for fly ins and such. I also noticed they have a sub listing for the International Pietenpol Assn. Does anyone belong to this? Is it worthwhile? I may just try it out. Dick N. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Jdavis2a(at)wmconnect.com
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: Re: antique airplane assn
I joined the Int. Piet. Ass. several years ago. My check was cashed but never recieved any newsletters. Unless they have improved I cannot see any benifit belonging to this group JIM ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: antique airplane assn
Date: Aug 09, 2005
From: "Textor, Jack" <jtextor(at)thepalmergroup.com>
Dick, I do. AAA is a good organization, but very informal. I primarily belong so I can attend the fly-in in Blakesburg August 31 to September 5th, which is member only. There are usually about 300+ beautiful antique aircraft. I have seen 2-10 Piets make it. They have 1 or 2 basic newsletters per year, again very informal. I can't tell you anything about the sub-group of Piets. If I can help any further, let me know. Jack Textor Des Moines ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Dick Navratil Subject: Pietenpol-List: antique airplane assn After past discussion of AAA, I looked them up today. Looks interesting for fly ins and such. I also noticed they have a sub listing for the International Pietenpol Assn. Does anyone belong to this? Is it worthwhile? I may just try it out. Dick N. ________________________________________________________________________________ ETAuAhUAsq2egt/hfsgxSiHEgk+gy/nBq/ECFQCPwEWt+RaVuF/rvcHcAYwC1OTypw==
From: lshutks(at)webtv.net (Leon Stefan)
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: Re: antique airplane assn
I was in the IPA many years ago and they had a nice newsletter, but it ended after the IPA was named in a law suit after a fatel pietenpol crash. They had nothing to do withit, but spent themselves broke defendig themselve. I think its still there, but is no longer active. Leon S. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: Re: antique airplane assn
Ditto ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Subject: Re: antique airplane assn
From: John Hofmann <jhofmann(at)reesgroupinc.com>
AAA is a pretty good organization and was a real force in the early 1950s through the early 60s before EAA took off. I am currently working on obtaining the rights to the old "American Airman" magazine which was their monthly or bimonthly magazine in the late 50s and early 60s, for publication on CD. These are a wealth of knowledge if you are into old airplanes and just fun to read. The ads make one drool with things like "Joe Mackey's WACO Taperwing, fresh annual, will deliver, $1000 or best offer." I digress. AAA has had problems with capital and a reputation for "not playing nice in the sandbox." They also own all the rights and spare parts to the Ken Royce/LeBlond engine line. That said, when they do put out an issue of any of their publications it is usually a real gem. It is worth the few bucks if you ever want to hit Blakesburg, IA for their Labor Day weekend flyin. For those of you who are Brodhead minded we also have MAAC "Midwest Antique Airplane Club." MAAC has a flyin at Brodhead the weekend after Labor Day and is my favorite. Not only will you have Piets there but lots of really neat shit that you will not see anywhere else. MAAC membership requires a membership in AAA or VAA and was meant to be a common ground. Anyway it is a great event if you need to get to Brodhead again but you must be a member to camp and fly in and stay at the field. Keeps the riff-raff out. All others are welcome to stop by and say hey. Sorry for the stupid message. -john- ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 09, 2005
I think dale and greg used a lot of cedar from the lumber yard. chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > ---- > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > ============================================================================ == > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Piet at Stinson Field
Date: Aug 09, 2005
oscar, this airplane has been talked about before on this list. Check the archives. The rio hondo museum also had an FW-190 that they obtained from the bottom of a Norwegian Fjord. chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Piet at Stinson Field > > Reportedly, the Texas Air Museum at Stinson Field (San Antonio) has acquired > a 1932 Pietenpol with a Lambert 5-cylinder radial engine. This airplane was > formerly at another museum, possibly Rio Hondo (TX), and I assume it will be > in need of restoration. I need to get out there and see what they have! > Anybody know the history of this plane, who built it, anything? Know who > might be familiar with this engine and could work on it? > > Oscar Zuniga > San Antonio, TX > mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com > website at http://www.flysquirrel.net > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Broadhead
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Javier, I looked for you but never found you. I had to leave ahead of the high winds so took off for Minneapolis at 2:30 pm on Saturday. Next time. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Javier Cruz" <javcr(at)prodigy.net.mx> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Broadhead > > Hi Piets > > > What a great time at Broadhead, see the planes, take movies and pictures of > Pietenpols , and the main was the pleasure to meet some Piets listers > ,what a group, i will expect that the next year we have more time there.. > Just i want to thanks to all for the welcome . > Javier Cruz > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: covering taughtness
Date: Aug 09, 2005
Even the non tautening will tauten a bit. Just press on. It will be fine. Over time, it will shrink more. I have seen aircraft implode from the tautening over time, like an Aeronca with a scalloped trailing edge to the elevators and rudder. chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Douwe Blumberg To: pietenpolgroup Sent: Sunday, August 07, 2005 1:30 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: covering taughtness Hey, I bought my project partly covered, and I'm now ribstiching and taping. When I do the final 350 degree ironing though, it doesn't seem as drum tight as others I've felt. IT's taught, just not tight like a drum as most I've felt. I've calibrated my iron so I'm pretty sure that's okay. I'm guessing he just left the covering a bit loose when he covered it, so there's just not enough slack to leave it drum tight. My question is, what if I used some tightening nitrate dope for the first coating, instead of non-taughtening? any thoughts?? Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
From: <gcardinal(at)mn.rr.com>
Subject: Re: Tail fin orientation
Date: Aug 09, 2005
I would recommend building the vertical AND horizontal stabilizer with a way to adjust them if needed. Dale and I offset the LE of the fin about 1/2 inch to the left and it could use a bit more. Engine model, thrust angle and prop combination will make each ship fly a bit different. Allow yourself a way to make adjustments. Greg Cardinal ----- Original Message ----- From: "Oscar Zuniga" <taildrags(at)hotmail.com> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Tail fin orientation > "Oscar Zuniga" > > John writes- > >>Does anyone out there know if the fin >>should be installed at an angle >>to the aircraft centerline, or should it be >>aligned parallel to it? > > Funny you should ask. I'll soon be ready > to reinstall my vertical stabilizer and was > thinking about offsetting the leading edge > to help take out some of the need to hold > right rudder. Corky added a fixed trim tab > to the trailing edge of the rudder and that > helps, but I figured I can offset the > leading edge of the VS about an inch to the > port side (counterclockwise rotation if you > view it from above, pivoting about the > rudder hinge line). The airplane has an > A-65; if you are running a Corvair, I think > you'd need to offset in the other > direction. > > Comments from anybody who's tried > offsetting their VS would be appreciated. > And a few photos on the VS recovering are > at the top of > http://www.flysquirrel.net/piets/repairs/repairs.html > > Oscar Zuniga > San Antonio, TX > mailto: taildrags(at)hotmail.com > website at http://www.flysquirrel.net > > > Forum - > Subscriptions page, > Browse, Chat, FAQ, > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 09, 2005
where did you get the wood? Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > Thanks to all who helped me, this time on the leading edge. Over the > weekend, I picked up a long length of 2x6 fir. It comes almost clear in > 14' lengths. I priced out 5/4" clear pine, sitka, hand railing, and > 3/4" clear pine to laminate. I ended up ripping the 2x6 about four > times to rough it out, clamped it to the wing assembly, and used a block > plane. Eight dollars for the lumber, and a little labor and fun. Thank > you all for your good advice. By mixing and matching all advice to my > style and capability, I have found good solutions to help me advance my > project quickly. After the outboard wings are glue up, I'll work on the > (36") center section, and will need to think about fabricating a gas > tank at some point. Thank you all again. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of walt > evans > Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 5:41 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > > > I used a piece of 5/4 clear pine. Or you can look in the regular pine > bin > and pay less for a good hand picked clear piece. I forget how wide the > piece was , but when cut on a bevel it took care of both leading edges. > After bolting in place I used my little hand plane (no pun) to shape the > both leading edges. > There is nothing so satisfying as using a sharp plane to bring a piece > down to a perfect, uniform size. > walt evans > NX140DL > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> > To: > Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 9:57 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > > > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip > material? > > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" > at > > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > > > > > -- > ---- > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may > contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is > exempt > from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, > please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and > destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > > > ======================================================================== > ==== > == > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ---- > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > ============================================================================ == > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 09, 2005
the dash number is the length of the grip in eighths of an inch with a -1 at 1/8" grip length and a -7 at 7/8" grip length. There is no such thing as a -8 or a -18 or a -28 etc as a -8, at 8 eighths, becomes a 1 incher or, better yet a 1 incher and no eighths or a -10. So a -7 is 7/8" and a -10 is a 1" and a -11 is 1-1/8" The grip is the length of the bolt excluding the head thickness. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: John and Phyllis Smoyer To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 9:23 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, but the numbers don't correspond directly to the length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire length, so you can run into problems there, also. I found this site on google, and it looks like it can tell you all you need to know. http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm. It even includes a down-loadable program. HOpe this helps. Best Regards, John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: More Rib fun
Date: Aug 09, 2005
don't notch. It will weaken the capstrip that is carrying a sizeable tensile load. Better to plane down the spar ever so little to have it at an angle that matches the angle betweent he upright and the lower cap. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jake Crause" <admin(at)homebuiltairplanes.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: More Rib fun > > Well, I did some more digging and came across a discussion on this topic > in Sep 99. I'm glad I wasn't the only one that ran into that problem. > Anyway, the 4 possible fixes that were discussed were: > > 1. Notch the capstrip a bit to allow the spar to fit. I believe, once > glued, this would be very strong and would not affect rib strength. > Walt Evans did this. > > 2. Bevel the spar as required to get it to fit. The downside is it > Removes spar material. > > 3. Go with a slightly undersized spar and still use the wedges. The > downside is slightly weaker spar but still has a flat top unlike #2. > > 4. Notch the spar where the rib joins. I don't like this idea because > of the stress riser imposed. > > I like number 1 personally. Does anyone see a problem with doing this? > One point that was brought up during the Sep 99 discussion was that many > designs don't even have a capstrip over the spar. A small notch, with a > proper glue joint, should be as strong as one without a notch. > > Anyway, thanks for listening. Look forward to hearing from you. > > Jake > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Jake > Crause > Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 2:47 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Pietenpol-List: More Rib fun > > > > Pieters, > > I've finally got around to lofting the rib onto my rib jig and am pretty > happy with the profile given some of the variations in the dimensions > given in the drawings. I'm plotting the locations of the spars and ran > across a couple of questions. > > 1. Are the bottoms of the spars supposed to be beveled to match the rib > profile? If so, is the starting dimension supposed to be 4 3/4 then > beveled as needed or must the beveled dimension be no less than 4 3/4 on > its shortest side after beveling? > > 2. From the horizontal reference line the top of the front spar is at 5 > 1/8" and so is the top of the rear spar. Taking into account the 1/4 > cap strip the bottom of the front spar is at 5/16" above the reference > line and the bottom of the rear spar is at 1/2". This tells me that the > rear spar must be shorter. Is this correct or am I missing something. > Thanks. > > Jake Crause > > P.S. I am using 3/4" spars and the locations I have them plotted are: > 1. Front face of the front spar is 6 7/8" from LE of wing. > 2. Front face of rear spar is 28" from rear face of front spar. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Actually, the grip is the length of the non-threaded portion of the bolt, or the thickness of the material to be bolted (plus a washer or two). The grip length is the overall length of the bolt minus the head thickness, minus the length of the threaded portion. The dash numbering scheme changes as the bolt diameters change, so it is not easy to figure without a table. For example, an AN3-10 has a grip length of 1-1/32", but an AN&-10 has a grip of 1-3/32", and an AN8-10 only has a grip length of 5/16". The dash numbering scheme is also inconsistent between different types of hardware. For example, NAS1103 high strength bolts have a dash number that is the grip length in 1/16" incrememnts (e.g., an NAS1103-6 has a grip of .375"). Order a free catalog from Aircraft Spruce and Specialty company. It gives the grip lengths and dash numbers of most AN, MS and NAS hardware, along with a wealth of other information. ASS is expensive, but they generally have what you need in stock and can ship it quickly (except, oddly enough, spruce. That always seems to take longer from them than from Wicks). The construction of a good bolted joint is actually fairly critical, and is often overlooked. When I started working at General Dynamics on the F-16 program as a young engineer fresh out of college 30 years ago (hard to believe that one of our front line fighters was designed nearly a third of a century ago. Even worse to realize that even back then I worked on what was called the ATF - Advanced Tactical Fighter, which is now called the F-22), one of the first things I was taught was the proper way to design a bolted joint. A bolted joint relies on friction to hold the parts together - friction caused by the clamping force the bolt applies to the joint. Bolted joints are excellent in carrying shear, less good in tension because the bolt is carrying all the load in tension in addition to the tensile loads imposed on the bolt by tightening. A bolted joint should have no threaded portion of the bolt within the hole in the material. The threads should start beyond the hole, but inside the hole in the washer(s). You want the shank of the bolt to bear against the sides of the hole in order to bear shear loads. Choose your grip length to clear the thickness of the bolted joint and then add one or two washers to ensure there will be some thread unengaged. Also be sure there is at least one full thread extending beyond the nut. The hole in the material should be chamfered or counterbored slightly under the head of the bolt to allow for the small radius in the transition area of the bolt where the head meets the shank. If this chamfer is missing and the hole is a tight fit with the bolt diameter, the edge of the hole will tend to cut into this radius, making a stress riser that can cause failure of the bolt. When bolting dissimilar metals (for example, when using a steel bolt on an aluminum part), be certain the cadmium plating (the gold colored surface of AN hardware) does not get scratched off. The cad plating provides a sacrificial anodic surface to protect the aluminum from corrosion. If the plating is removed and the joint gets wet, a galvanic cell will be established which will cause corrosion of the aluminum part. Better protection is provided by dipping the hardware in a wet epoxy primer before installation. That was standard practice on the F-16, but I must admit I didn't go to that extreme on my Pietenpol. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware the dash number is the length of the grip in eighths of an inch with a -1 at 1/8" grip length and a -7 at 7/8" grip length. There is no such thing as a -8 or a -18 or a -28 etc as a -8, at 8 eighths, becomes a 1 incher or, better yet a 1 incher and no eighths or a -10. So a -7 is 7/8" and a -10 is a 1" and a -11 is 1-1/8" The grip is the length of the bolt excluding the head thickness. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: John and Phyllis Smoyer <mailto:jpsmoyer(at)verizon.net> To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 9:23 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, but the numbers don't correspond directly to the length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire length, so you can run into problems there, also. I found this site on google, and it looks like it can tell you all you need to know. http://taggart.glg.msu..edu/gyro/bolts.htm <http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm> . It even includes a down-loadable program. HOpe this helps. Best Regards, John Smoyer ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: A/N Hardware
m> Jack---exactly right. That's what Tony Bingelis has to say as well...... Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
My piece of fir for the leading edge came from my local lumber yard (Wisconsin), I also visited a local Milling and Planning business who had 5/4" clear pine for about the same price I can buy Sitka at McCormick lumber in Madison, Wisconsin. The fir has a hand full of birds eye size knots in it. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Christian Bobka Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? where did you get the wood? Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > Thanks to all who helped me, this time on the leading edge. Over the > weekend, I picked up a long length of 2x6 fir. It comes almost clear in > 14' lengths. I priced out 5/4" clear pine, sitka, hand railing, and > 3/4" clear pine to laminate. I ended up ripping the 2x6 about four > times to rough it out, clamped it to the wing assembly, and used a block > plane. Eight dollars for the lumber, and a little labor and fun. Thank > you all for your good advice. By mixing and matching all advice to my > style and capability, I have found good solutions to help me advance my > project quickly. After the outboard wings are glue up, I'll work on the > (36") center section, and will need to think about fabricating a gas > tank at some point. Thank you all again. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of walt > evans > Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 5:41 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > > > I used a piece of 5/4 clear pine. Or you can look in the regular pine > bin > and pay less for a good hand picked clear piece. I forget how wide the > piece was , but when cut on a bevel it took care of both leading edges. > After bolting in place I used my little hand plane (no pun) to shape the > both leading edges. > There is nothing so satisfying as using a sharp plane to bring a piece > down to a perfect, uniform size. > walt evans > NX140DL > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> > To: > Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 9:57 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > > > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip > material? > > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" > at > > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > > > > > > -- > ---- > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may > contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is > exempt > from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, > please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and > destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > > > ======================================================================== > ==== > == > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- ---- > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > ======================================================================== ==== == > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 10, 2005
Jack, Did I see a nice peg on the side of your fuselage to assist a person(you) when climbing into the back seat=3F If so, would you describe the design and mounting=3F Some people have 30" in seams.... -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 6:20 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware =09 =09 Actually, the grip is the length of the non-threaded portion of the bolt, or the thickness of the material to be bolted (plus a washer or two). The grip length is the overall length of the bolt minus the head thickness, minus the length of the threaded portion. The dash numbering scheme changes as the bolt diameters change, so it is not easy to figure without a table. For example, an AN3-10 has a grip length of 1-1/32", but an AN&-10 has a grip of 1-3/32", and an AN8-10 only has a grip length of 5/16". The dash numbering scheme is also inconsistent between different types of hardware. For example, NAS1103 high strength bolts have a dash number that is the grip length in 1/16" incrememnts (e.g., an NAS1103-6 has a grip of .375"). Order a free catalog from Aircraft Spruce and Specialty company. It gives the grip lengths and dash numbers of most AN, MS and NAS hardware, along with a wealth of other information. ASS is expensive, but they generally have what you need in stock and can ship it quickly (except, oddly enough, spruce. That always seems to take longer from them than from Wicks). The construction of a good bolted joint is actually fairly critical, and is often overlooked. When I started working at General Dynamics on the F-16 program as a young engineer fresh out of college 30 years ago (hard to believe that one of our front line fighters was designed nearly a third of a century ago. Even worse to realize that even back then I worked on what was called the ATF - Advanced Tactical =46ighter, which is now called the F-22), one of the first things I was taught was the proper way to design a bolted joint. A bolted joint relies on friction to hold the parts together - friction caused by the clamping force the bolt applies to the joint. Bolted joints are excellent in carrying shear, less good in tension because the bolt is carrying all the load in tension in addition to the tensile loads imposed on the bolt by tightening. A bolted joint should have no threaded portion of the bolt within the hole in the material. The threads should start beyond the hole, but inside the hole in the washer(s). You want the shank of the bolt to bear against the sides of the hole in order to bear shear loads. Choose your grip length to clear the thickness of the bolted joint and then add one or two washers to ensure there will be some thread unengaged. Also be sure there is at least one full thread extending beyond the nut. The hole in the material should be chamfered or counterbored slightly under the head of the bolt to allow for the small radius in the transition area of the bolt where the head meets the shank. If this chamfer is missing and the hole is a tight fit with the bolt diameter, the edge of the hole will tend to cut into this radius, making a stress riser that can cause failure of the bolt. When bolting dissimilar metals (for example, when using a steel bolt on an aluminum part), be certain the cadmium plating (the gold colored surface of AN hardware) does not get scratched off. The cad plating provides a sacrificial anodic surface to protect the aluminum =66rom corrosion. If the plating is removed and the joint gets wet, a galvanic cell will be established which will cause corrosion of the aluminum part. Better protection is provided by dipping the hardware in a wet epoxy primer before installation. That was standard practice on the F-16, but I must admit I didn't go to that extreme on my Pietenpol. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware the dash number is the length of the grip in eighths of an inch with a -1 at 1/8" grip length and a -7 at 7/8" grip length. There is no such thing as a -8 or a -18 or a -28 etc as a -8, at 8 eighths, becomes a 1 incher or, better yet a 1 incher and no eighths or a -10. So a -7 is 7/8" and a -10 is a 1" and a -11 is 1-1/8" The grip is the length of the bolt excluding the head thickness. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: John and Phyllis Smoyer To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 9:23 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, but the numbers don't correspond directly to the length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire length, so you can run into problems there, also. I found this site on google, and it looks like it can tell you all you need to know. http://taggart.glg.msu..edu/gyro/bolts.htm <http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm> . It even includes a down-loadable program. HOpe this helps. Best Regards, John Smoyer This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Hi John, I installed steps for both cockpits. Here are a couple of pictures of the rear step. If interested I can send pictures of the front step design as well. The steps were made from scrap pieces of streamlined tubing left over from the cabane struts, and then had wingwalk paint appiled to give them a nonskid surface. Jack Phillips "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware Jack, Did I see a nice peg on the side of your fuselage to assist a person(you) when climbing into the back seat? If so, would you describe the design and mounting? Some people have 30" in seams.... ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
Very nice. if you have a photo handy of the front step, It will also be appreciated. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 7:43 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: Step =09 =09 Hi John, I installed steps for both cockpits. Here are a couple of pictures of the rear step. If interested I can send pictures of the =66ront step design as well. The steps were made from scrap pieces of streamlined tubing left over from the cabane struts, and then had wingwalk paint appiled to give them a nonskid surface. Jack Phillips "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 8:34 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware Jack, Did I see a nice peg on the side of your fuselage to assist a person(you) when climbing into the back seat=3F If so, would you describe the design and mounting=3F Some people have 30" in seams.... =09 ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. =09 This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
My apologies to the fellows with dial-up modems. Here are a couple of pictures of the front step setup. This step is installed in line with the front of the front seat and ties in to the spruce brace that runs along the top of the floorboard for the front of the front seat to attach to. Even with the step the front seat is not easy to get into, but I did not want to cut a door in the side of the fuselage. Most of the loads in the fuselage are going through the longerons in the area of the front seat and I just did not want to cut them there for the convenience of having a door. Gary Price has a set of plans for such a door but I've not seen them. Jack -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step Very nice. if you have a photo handy of the front step, It will also be appreciated. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 7:43 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: Step Hi John, I installed steps for both cockpits. Here are a couple of pictures of the rear step. If interested I can send pictures of the front step design as well. The steps were made from scrap pieces of streamlined tubing left over from the cabane struts, and then had wingwalk paint appiled to give them a nonskid surface. Jack Phillips "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- =09 =09 ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
Heres another method I found on the web.See attachments. ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step My apologies to the fellows with dial-up modems. Here are a couple of pictures of the front step setup. This step is installed in line with the front of the front seat and ties in to the spruce brace that runs along the top of the floorboard for the front of the front seat to attach to. Even with the step the front seat is not easy to get into, but I did not want to cut a door in the side of the fuselage. Most of the loads in the fuselage are going through the longerons in the area of the front seat and I just did not want to cut them there for the convenience of having a door. Gary Price has a set of plans for such a door but I've not seen them. Jack -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step Very nice. if you have a photo handy of the front step, It will also be appreciated. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 7:43 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: Step Hi John, I installed steps for both cockpits. Here are a couple of pictures of the rear step. If interested I can send pictures of the front step design as well. The steps were made from scrap pieces of streamlined tubing left over from the cabane struts, and then had wingwalk paint appiled to give them a nonskid surface. Jack Phillips "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
The other two pictures I wanted to send didn't get through due to network problems,maybe this time. ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step My apologies to the fellows with dial-up modems. Here are a couple of pictures of the front step setup. This step is installed in line with the front of the front seat and ties in to the spruce brace that runs along the top of the floorboard for the front of the front seat to attach to. Even with the step the front seat is not easy to get into, but I did not want to cut a door in the side of the fuselage. Most of the loads in the fuselage are going through the longerons in the area of the front seat and I just did not want to cut them there for the convenience of having a door. Gary Price has a set of plans for such a door but I've not seen them. Jack -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step Very nice. if you have a photo handy of the front step, It will also be appreciated. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 7:43 AM To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: Step Hi John, I installed steps for both cockpits. Here are a couple of pictures of the rear step. If interested I can send pictures of the front step design as well. The steps were made from scrap pieces of streamlined tubing left over from the cabane struts, and then had wingwalk paint appiled to give them a nonskid surface. Jack Phillips "Icarus Plummet" -----Original Message----- ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: chris cummins <cccstandard(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Step
I have just finished building my Peit and need to do the weight and balance. What are you using as the Datum point ? Chris Cummins --------------------------------- ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
I may be wrong but usually it's right at the front of the prop hub. ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris cummins Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step I have just finished building my Peit and need to do the weight and balance. What are you using as the Datum point ? Chris Cummins ________________________________ <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt34442/*http:/www.yahoo.com/r/hs> ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: datum point
m> Chris-- I used the front of my propeller hub for the datum---this way ALL of your math is with positive numbers. Tony Bingelis shows simple ways of doing weight and balance. It really is much easier to work with all positive numbers. Try to find accurate scales---bathroom scales can be really out of calibration. Watch your tail when you are weighing in the 'level-flight' attitude. It is very light on the tailwheel and the plane can easily nose over. I think my tail only had 7 to 9 pound of force on the tail scale so one of the ladies watching the procedure manned the tail in case it started to come up. Congratulations on being so close ! Mike C. in Ohio ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Step
Date: Aug 10, 2005
You can use anything you like for the datum - just document it so you can remember what you used. For aerodynamic purposes, the leading edge of the wing works best, but that means anything ahead of the LE has a negative arm, so you've got to be careful when doing the math. I used the firewall, because it is easy to hook a tape measure to it. Again, everything ahead of the firewall then must have a negative arm, but if you're careful, that's not a problem. I then added in the distance from the firewall to the leading edge of the wing and calculated my CG as a percentage of the wing cord to establish the CG envelope. Be sure you weigh the airplane in level flight position, preferably either inside a hangar with the doors closed or on a perfectly windless day (you'd be surprised how much a 10 mph wind will change the reading on your scales). If at all possible, use certified aircraft scales (your local FBO almost certainly has a set that he would loan you). I first weighed mine with bathroom scales, then found that my initial weight was off by over 75 lbs when I finally used certified scales. Put each wheel in the cetner of the pad on the scale - if the wheel is off to one side it won't read accurately. Remember empty weight includes unusable fuel, but no oil in the engine. Jack Phillips Raleigh, NC -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of harvey.rule(at)bell.ca Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step I may be wrong but usually it's right at the front of the prop hub. _____ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris cummins Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step I have just finished building my Peit and need to do the weight and balance. What are you using as the Datum point ? Chris Cummins ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: Benny Bee <benny_bee_01(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Pouchel plans needed.Please help
Guys howdy!. A few days ag i came across pouchel design and got so impressed that now i am thinking about building me one.Too bad i can't find any info on plans and construction.Whats involved,engine,total weight,man/hours etc. I saw a site of Gary Gower but there is many more questions i have regarding the plane. I saw a french site where plans were sold for e100.Thats a good price ut i dont wanna buy cat in bag. Would love to hear here or offline from you fellows who built it. Thanks in advance! have a great flying! Mitty --- "Phillips, Jack" wrote: > You can use anything you like for the datum - just > document it so you > can remember what you used. For aerodynamic > purposes, the leading edge > of the wing works best, but that means anything > ahead of the LE has a > negative arm, so you've got to be careful when doing > the math. I used > the firewall, because it is easy to hook a tape > measure to it. Again, > everything ahead of the firewall then must have a > negative arm, but if > you're careful, that's not a problem. I then added > in the distance from > the firewall to the leading edge of the wing and > calculated my CG as a > percentage of the wing cord to establish the CG > envelope. > > > > Be sure you weigh the airplane in level flight > position, preferably > either inside a hangar with the doors closed or on a > perfectly windless > day (you'd be surprised how much a 10 mph wind will > change the reading > on your scales). If at all possible, use certified > aircraft scales > (your local FBO almost certainly has a set that he > would loan you). I > first weighed mine with bathroom scales, then found > that my initial > weight was off by over 75 lbs when I finally used > certified scales. Put > each wheel in the cetner of the pad on the scale - > if the wheel is off > to one side it won't read accurately. Remember > empty weight includes > unusable fuel, but no oil in the engine. > > > > Jack Phillips > > Raleigh, NC > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] > On Behalf Of > harvey.rule(at)bell.ca > Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 3:21 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step > > > > I may be wrong but usually it's right at the front > of the prop hub. > > > > _____ > > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] > On Behalf Of chris > cummins > Sent: August 10, 2005 2:58 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step > > > > I have just finished building my Peit and need to do > the weight and > balance. What are you using as the Datum point ? > > > > Chris Cummins > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: Gary Gower <ggower_99(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Pouchel plans needed.Please help
Hello Benny, Following is my answer to your mail yesterday, there I explain the best I could. The price of the plans is correct. There are great but simple drawings, in metric of course, but easy to follow using a metric tape. As I offrered, I will help you as much as possible with advise during your construction. I am sure you will need very little help. Please dont buy "pirate" plans. support the designers and the homebuilt movement. Saludos Gary Gower View Contact Details Yes I build my Pouchel "La Bamba", is a great project, very easy and fast to build, yet VERY well built. In fact the ladders (one of mine's) was tested up to 10 g's without getting to the break point even was able to return to the original position once the weight was off!!! Flys better than any ultralight, 3 axis ultralight will be very usefull. You will love it, Now I am continue building the 2 seater HM 380 Flying Flea... There are two important things to know: one is going to be dificult to make it fit in the legal (USA) ultralight weight, but who will care and weight it? Never heard from first hand pilots that have seen an FAA Oficcer ramp weighting ultralights... Looks like and UL, fly like an UL, and the engine sound like an UL... so is an UL. I was not very carefull with the weightwhile building, here we have a gross limit weight for ul's so it fitted very easy... But was not that easy myself (see next)... Another important point is pilot weight (and size of his rear end) to fit inside the two spars of the ladder fuselage. I had to go in a diet and I am still in this weight to fit: 65 Kgs (143 lbs). I had to loose 18 lbs in the 8 months I built it. Carlos my partner loosed 25 lbs. The plans are so graphic and good that the few words in French are easy to translate with the use of a dictionary. My Pouchel was the 3rd built (serial # 003) so I got a special Diploma from the French FAA and Dalby's assn. The price of the plans is not high... If you pay Dalby the amount of them I will gladly help you by internet any time (for free). I like to support homebult designers work... Is the base of world wide fredome of flight. Dont buy pirate music, sofware or airplanes plans, from E-bay. Please support creative people. Hope to hear from you soon... Saludos Gary Gower. Benny Bee wrote: Hello Gary! Accidently i came across pouchel design and fell in love with idea of using a ladders to build an ultralight.How simple and rigid!. The only reference i found regardless the plans was one french site where they were sold as i understood for 100 euro. I made a search and found your site with pictures.Also i found a word document-flight report.Please tell me where can i find plans other then on a french site for E100? Are those cd's that sold on ebay have it? How many hours did you spend on building puchel? How different it flies compared to 3 axis ultralight? Please,whenever you get a chance let me know because i am anxiouse :)) Thanks ! BB Benny Bee wrote: Guys howdy!. A few days ag i came across pouchel design and got so impressed that now i am thinking about building me one.Too bad i can't find any info on plans and construction.Whats involved,engine,total weight,man/hours etc. I saw a site of Gary Gower but there is many more questions i have regarding the plane. I saw a french site where plans were sold for e100.Thats a good price ut i dont wanna buy cat in bag. Would love to hear here or offline from you fellows who built it. Thanks in advance! have a great flying! Mitty --- "Phillips, Jack" wrote: > You can use anything you like for the datum - just > document it so you > can remember what you used. For aerodynamic > purposes, the leading edge > of the wing works best, but that means anything > ahead of the LE has a > negative arm, so you've got to be careful when doing > the math. I used > the firewall, because it is easy to hook a tape > measure to it. Again, > everything ahead of the firewall then must have a > negative arm, but if > you're careful, that's not a problem. I then added > in the distance from > the firewall to the leading edge of the wing and > calculated my CG as a > percentage of the wing cord to establish the CG > envelope. > > > > Be sure you weigh the airplane in level flight > position, preferably > either inside a hangar with the doors closed or on a > perfectly windless > day (you'd be surprised how much a 10 mph wind will > change the reading > on your scales). If at all possible, use certified > aircraft scales > (your local FBO almost certainly has a set that he > would loan you). I > first weighed mine with bathroom scales, then found > that my initial > weight was off by over 75 lbs when I finally used > certified scales. Put > each wheel in the cetner of the pad on the scale - > if the wheel is off > to one side it won't read accurately. Remember > empty weight includes > unusable fuel, but no oil in the engine. > > > > Jack Phillips > > Raleigh, NC > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] > On Behalf Of > harvey.rule(at)bell.ca > Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 3:21 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step > > > > I may be wrong but usually it's right at the front > of the prop hub. > > > > _____ > > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] > On Behalf Of chris > cummins > Sent: August 10, 2005 2:58 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Step > > > > I have just finished building my Peit and need to do > the weight and > balance. What are you using as the Datum point ? > > > > Chris Cummins > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dale Johnson" <ddjohn(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: Leading edge strip material?
Date: Aug 10, 2005
Chris We used redwood for the leading edge and the trailing edge. Dale > [Original Message] > From: Christian Bobka <sbobka(at)charter.net> > To: > Date: 8/9/2005 7:48:12 PM > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > I think dale and greg used a lot of cedar from the lumber yard. > > chris > > Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com> > To: > Sent: Friday, August 05, 2005 8:57 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Leading edge strip material? > > > > > > May I ask what builders are using for leading edge wing strip material? > > I need to purchase, fabricate and install a leading edge strip on the > > wings. Maybe use Sitka, clear pine, a milled 2x4? It seems the > > densities of Sitka, Pine, Douglas Fir and Cedar seem relatively close. > > I priced a 14' length of clear pine at a finish dimension of 1" x 3" at > > about $40 each. The price may come down using shorter pieces, then > > scarfing the joints? Everything I pick up seems so heavy. > > > > > ---- > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may > contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt > from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, > please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and > destroy any printed copy. Thank you. > > > ============================================================================ > == > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: TBYH(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 10, 2005
Subject: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in
I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used in each specific area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did you use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did you use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use self locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of the plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately one cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. Also, if I'm a member of the EAA's Vintage Aircraft Association, can I attend the Midwest Antique Airplane Association at Brodhead in a few weeks? Seems I read that this is the case, but would like to make sure. Also, I can't find any info on joining the MAAC. Anyone got some info? Best regards, Fred B. La Crosse, WI ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 10, 2005
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
In a message dated 8/10/2005 6:27:10 AM Central Standard Time, jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: Actually, the grip is the length of the non-threaded portion of the bolt, or the thickness of the material to be bolted (plus a washer or two). The grip length is the overall length of the bolt minus the head thickness, minus the length of the threaded portion. The dash numbering scheme changes as the bolt diameters change, so it is not easy to figure without a table. For example, an AN3-10 has a grip length of 1-1/32=E2=80=9D, but an AN&-10 has a grip of 1-3/32=E2=80=9D, and an AN8-10 only has a grip length of 5/16=E2=80=9D. The dash numbering scheme is also inconsistent between different types of hardware. For example, NAS1103 high strength bolts have a dash number that is the grip length in 1/16=E2=80=9D incrememnts (e.g., an NAS1103-6 has a grip of .375=E2=80=9D). Order a free catalog from Aircraft Spruce and Specialty company. It gives the grip lengths and dash numbers of most AN, MS and NAS hardware, along with a wealth of other information. ASS is expensive, but they generally have what you need in stock and can ship it quickly (except, oddly enough, spruce. That always seems to take longer from them than from Wicks). The construction of a good bolted joint is actually fairly critical, and is often overlooked. When I started working at General Dynamics on the F-16 program as a young engineer fresh out of college 30 years ago (hard to believe that one of our front line fighters was designed nearly a third of a century ago. Even worse to realize that even back then I worked on what was called the ATF =E2=80=93 Advanced Tactical Fighter, which is now called the F-22), one of the first things I was taught was the proper way to design a bolted joint. A bolted joint relies on friction to hold the parts together =E2=80=93 friction caused by the clamping force the bolt applies to the joint. Bolted joints are excellent in carrying shear, less good in tension because the bolt is carrying all the load in tension in addition to the tensile loads imposed on the bolt by tightening. A bolted joint should have no threaded portion of the bolt within the hole in the material. The threads should start beyond the hole, but inside the hole in the washer(s). You want the shank of the bolt to bear against the sides=20of the hole in order to bear shear loads. Choose your grip length to clear the thickness of the bolted joint and then add one or two washers to ensure there will be some thread unengaged. Also be sure there is at least one full thread extending beyond the nut. The hole in the material should be chamfered or counterbored slightly under the head of the bolt to allow for the small radius in the transition area of the bolt where the head meets the shank. If this chamfer is missing and the hole is a tight fit with the bolt diameter, the edge of the hole will tend to cut into this radius, making a stress riser that can cause failure of the bolt. When bolting dissimilar metals (for example, when using a steel bolt on an aluminum part), be certain the cadmium plating (the gold colored surface of=20AN hardware) does not get scratched off. The cad plating provides a sacrificial anodic surface to protect the aluminum from corrosion. If the plating is removed and the joint gets wet, a galvanic cell will be established which will cause corrosion of the aluminum part. Better protection is provided by dipping the hardware in a wet epoxy primer before installation. That was standard practice on the F-16, but I must admit I didn=E2=80=99t go to that extreme on my Pietenpol. Jack Phillips NX899JP Jack, That description, and Subject Line, of how to use hardware was a very good addition to the archives. Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 10, 2005
Subject: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
Jack Phillips, I would like to hear about your flight from Brodhead to Oshkosh. How about those headwinds ??? Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 10, 2005
From: Darrel Jones <wd6bor(at)vom.com>
Subject: Re: antique airplane assn
Dick Navratil wrote: > After past discussion of AAA, I looked them up today. Looks > interesting for fly ins and such. I also noticed they have a sub > listing for the International Pietenpol Assn. Does anyone belong to > this? Is it worthwhile? I may just try it out. > Dick N. I belonged to the International Pietenpol Association when it was taken over by the AAA. They collected my dues and regularly failed to deliver the publication. You would be better off to join the Vintage Airplane Association of the EAA. Lots of resources and great publications. Darrel Jones N154JP ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: BernadetteTS <docfont(at)voyager.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
> >From: TBYH(at)aol.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in > >I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm >wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used >in each specific >area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did you >use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did you >use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use self >locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of the >plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately one >cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. >Fred B. May I piggyback a question onto this topic? Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting together parts through a wood structure? The cheapest bolts known to man are going to be stronger than wood. Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the bolts were overstressed anyway? This is not to say I would get my hardware from the bulk bins down at the local Farm and Fleet store. Just wondering DocFont ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Ed G." <flyboy_120(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Good question DocFont...I have quite a few bucks tied up in AN hardware that has to be individually measured and ordered from afar at specialty prices...Yet there is a wholesale to the public fastener store a mile from my workplace with great quality stuff at amazingly cheap prices..I've often wondered if Bernard used AN hardware in the early days when he was building planes from lumberyard spruce and makeing metal fittings from old cans? I guess our planes just aren't barnyard specials anymore... Ed Grentzer >From: BernadetteTS <docfont(at)voyager.net> >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware >Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 05:46:28 -0400 > > >> >>From: TBYH(at)aol.com >>Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in >> >>I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm >>wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used in >>each specific >>area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did >>you >>use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did >>you >>use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use >>self >>locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of >>the >>plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately >>one >>cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. >>Fred B. > >May I piggyback a question onto this topic? > >Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting together parts through a >wood structure? The cheapest bolts known to man are going to be stronger >than wood. Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the bolts were >overstressed anyway? > >This is not to say I would get my hardware from the bulk bins down at the >local Farm and Fleet store. Just wondering > >DocFont > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Actually, I didn't see any headwinds. I stayed low (1800' MSL) and got the crap beat out of me by the turbulence but I was seeing groundspeeds around 85 knots (98 mph). Made it from Brodhead to Ripon in under an hour (sure seemed longer, with the turbulence) and then on into OSH. Landed at OSH in the most crosswind I have yet flown this plane in - landed on 18R and the winds were from 250 at 18 with gusts to 22. I kept looking for you there, and was getting worried when you didn't show. I was glad to hear you were all right. I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. Total was 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. Jack -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Rcaprd(at)aol.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 Jack Phillips, I would like to hear about your flight from Brodhead to Oshkosh. How about those headwinds ??? Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
Our planes these days are much safer for using a/n hardware;don't cut corners as the AME tells me ,stay alive!I do what ever that guy sez come hell or high water!You do the same so we can read letters from you later! -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Ed G. Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware Good question DocFont...I have quite a few bucks tied up in AN hardware that has to be individually measured and ordered from afar at specialty prices...Yet there is a wholesale to the public fastener store a mile from my workplace with great quality stuff at amazingly cheap prices..I've often wondered if Bernard used AN hardware in the early days when he was building planes from lumberyard spruce and makeing metal fittings from old cans? I guess our planes just aren't barnyard specials anymore... Ed Grentzer >From: BernadetteTS <docfont(at)voyager.net> >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware >Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 05:46:28 -0400 > > >> >>From: TBYH(at)aol.com >>Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in >> >>I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm >>wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used in >>each specific >>area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did >>you >>use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did >>you >>use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use >>self >>locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of >>the >>plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately >>one >>cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. >>Fred B. > >May I piggyback a question onto this topic? > >Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting together parts through a >wood structure? The cheapest bolts known to man are going to be stronger >than wood. Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the bolts were >overstressed anyway? > >This is not to say I would get my hardware from the bulk bins down at the >local Farm and Fleet store. Just wondering > >DocFont > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: <gcardinal(at)mn.rr.com>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
> May I piggyback a question onto this topic? > > Why go to the expense of AN hardware when > bolting together parts through a wood > structure? The cheapest bolts known to man > are going to be stronger than wood. > Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the > bolts were overstressed anyway? > > This is not to say I would get my hardware > from the bulk bins down at the local Farm > and Fleet store. Just wondering > > DocFont > > The re-sale value of your aircraft would be reduced more than the added cost of using A/N hardware. Greg Cardinal ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <jphillip(at)alarismed.com>
Fred, what you'e asking for is probably not very practical. Every Pietenpol is different, with different thicknesses of material, even if they used the same plans. You will need to figure it out for yourself and order the hardware to fit your application. In general, I used self locking nuts where I could on my plane just because I find dealing with cotter pins to be a pain in the rear. Be aware that there are places where self-locking nuts should not be used, however. They should never be used on a bolt that is subject to rotation, such as a bolt used to hold a pulley, or a control shackle. There are several kinds of self-locking nuts. The AN 365 variety uses a nylon insert that deforms when tightened to hold the nut in place. That type of nut cannot be used int he engine compartment, or anywhere that it might see elevated temperatures (the nylon insert will melt and lose its ability to hold the nut). For high temperature operation, use a metal stop nut such as AN 363. I prefer to use the low height MS21042 stop nuts. They are metal and can be used anywhere a stop nut is allowed, and they are shorter and lighter than either AN363 or AN365 stop nuts. They were the standard nut used on the F-16. As for the suggestion that you can use hardware store hardware, it is certainly cheaper. You might save as much as $100 over the whole airplane. Frankly, I don't think it's worth it. Mil spec hardware is certified to known stresses, and is generally cadmium plated to reduce corrosion. Piece of mind is important. When I was flying my Pietenpol over the mountains of West Virginia on the way to Brodhead getting banged around by turbulence, at least I didn't have to worry "I sure hope that bolt I bought from Home Depot doesn't break now". Someone made the comment that the wood parts will break before the hardware. I doubt it, if the glue joints are properly made. The fittings are designed to spread the load out in the wood, but the fittings are held together with the hardware. If the hardware fails, you are in a world of trouble. One of the joys of building a plane from scratch is to be able to make choices about materials. Just make smart choices. Think about it and make your choices for valid reasons. Pity the kitbuilder - he's paid someone else to do all his thinking for him. Little of the fun is left for him to do, just the basic assembly. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of TBYH(at)aol.com Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used in each specific area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did you use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did you use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use self locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of the plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately one cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. Also, if I'm a member of the EAA's Vintage Aircraft Association, can I attend the Midwest Antique Airplane Association at Brodhead in a few weeks? Seems I read that this is the case, but would like to make sure. Also, I can't find any info on joining the MAAC. Anyone got some info? Best regards, Fred B. La Crosse, WI ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: step
Date: Aug 11, 2005
John, Another step idea which I've used is the old inward swinging door step. It's very simple and lightweight. Just a top hinged, spring loaded plate which is flat with the fuse surface. I've seen guys place these just above the bottom longeron, but I placed mine higher so that when my foot sticks through, it is on the pilot's seat. Didn't do one for the front pit, as I don't think they help much more than the tire which is already there. Keep it light!! Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Galen Hutcheson <wacopitts(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
I have read comparisons done between AN hardware and hardware Grade 8 bolts. Apparently, the Grade 8 is actually a little stronger than the AN bolt of equal size, but the AN bolt is supposed to elongate before it fails (allowing the iminient failure to be noticed and corrected in a timely fashion) whereas the Grade 8 simply gives way without elongating. Both bolts have an incredible breaking strength (which I would feel would need a sigificant crash to cause enough energy to make them fail) and should equally be adequate for the type of planes we are building. I personally wouldn't hesitate to use a Grade 8 bolt in many applications on my project. As to the resale value of the plane, I believe that the only potential buyers who would not buy an airplane using grade 8 bolts are the same people who feel that only AN bolts should ever be used in the first place. I for one, whould not downgrade a plane that used Grade 8 bolts and I have bought many airplanes. I believe that using bolts of equivalent strength (and protective coating) should be equally safe. I prefer to use AN hardware in areas of known stress which could cause a catastropic failure and where the bolts can be easily inspected for elongation and use Grade 8 bolts in less critical places. These are my opinions only and each builder must make his own judgements on what is or is not safe. Doc H. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] > On Behalf Of Ed G. > Sent: August 11, 2005 7:18 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware > > > > Good question DocFont...I have quite a few bucks > tied up in AN hardware > that > has to be individually measured and ordered from > afar at specialty > prices...Yet there is a wholesale to the public > fastener store a mile > from > my workplace with great quality stuff at amazingly > cheap prices..I've > often > wondered if Bernard used AN hardware in the early > days when he was > building > planes from lumberyard spruce and makeing metal > fittings from old cans? > I > guess our planes just aren't barnyard specials > anymore... > Ed Grentzer > > > >From: BernadetteTS <docfont(at)voyager.net> > >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > >Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware > >Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2005 05:46:28 -0400 > > > > > > >> > > > > >May I piggyback a question onto this topic? > > > >Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting > together parts > through a > >wood structure? > > > >DocFont > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > browse > Subscriptions page, > FAQ, > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
Bolt Help I'll tell you what I did to solve this problem when I was building. I couldn't afford to buy what I didn't need, but I could afford hardware store nuts and bolts at about $1.50 a pound. So I bought several pounds of 3/16 and 1/4" nuts and bolts and went home and painted them blue. These were my temporary fasteners to put the plane together and get me a very accurate list of what I would need in AN hardware. After assembly I would record what I needed and order the good stuff. One of the things I would check as I neared completion is for blue hardware. Now, after going through that hassle and having some extra money to spend, I ordered one of the aircraft bolt kits so I could have at least a couple AN bolts of every size for future projects. As an added bonus I have a bunch of used hardware variety bolts that get used around the house for various non-flying projects.... If you don't mind blue bolts. Hope this helps, Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of BernadetteTS Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware > >From: TBYH(at)aol.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in > >I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm >wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used >in each specific >area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did you >use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did you >use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use self >locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of the >plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately one >cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. >Fred B. May I piggyback a question onto this topic? Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting together parts through a wood structure? The cheapest bolts known to man are going to be stronger than wood. Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the bolts were overstressed anyway? This is not to say I would get my hardware from the bulk bins down at the local Farm and Fleet store. Just wondering DocFont ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
ce.ca> In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with me from Cleveland for about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were gone. I found out that the builders both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the compression forces of the hub) and his engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up front. He landed in a soybean field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle and flip him. Major damage, no injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I say use whatever you want for hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for a hangar. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
I just looked at the price for prop bolts for my A-65. Guess how much... Up to $45 each. http://store.wagaero.com/ Wood-Prop Bolts, Drilled Shank, AN6H-43 Wow. Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael D Cuy Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with me from Cleveland for about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were gone. I found out that the builders both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the compression forces of the hub) and his engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up front. He landed in a soybean field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle and flip him. Major damage, no injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I say use whatever you want for hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for a hangar. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Great idea, Steve. That accomplishes getting good hardware without ordering too much or ordering the wrong kinds. I don't know how many times I would order specific hardware, then forget I had ordered it and order more before I found the first batch. Your method should prevent that and keep expenses down. It also lets you proceed with the construction without having to wait for particular hardware to come in. I'm sure that was one way you were able to build a good, quality airplane for such a low price. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Bolt Help I'll tell you what I did to solve this problem when I was building. I couldn't afford to buy what I didn't need, but I could afford hardware store nuts and bolts at about $1.50 a pound. So I bought several pounds of 3/16 and 1/4" nuts and bolts and went home and painted them blue. These were my temporary fasteners to put the plane together and get me a very accurate list of what I would need in AN hardware. After assembly I would record what I needed and order the good stuff. One of the things I would check as I neared completion is for blue hardware. Now, after going through that hassle and having some extra money to spend, I ordered one of the aircraft bolt kits so I could have at least a couple AN bolts of every size for future projects. As an added bonus I have a bunch of used hardware variety bolts that get used around the house for various non-flying projects.... If you don't mind blue bolts. Hope this helps, Stevee ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Gordon Bowen" <gbowen(at)ptialaska.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
For those of you who'd like to get a little better education on bolts and such, before using same in your death defying experimental, go buy Sacramento Sky Ranch tech book. Lots of good stuff as to why you may want to stick with AN quality bolts on props, etc. Secondly, little tidbits like AN bolts have their threads pressed in, vs Grade 8 bolts having their threads cut in, perhaps leading to stressor cracks, prop losses, puckered-up glider flying and nasty soybean field landings. Gordon Bowen -Homer Alaska Cozy IV N64CY Osprey II N64SY Pietenpol N-1033B " There are no passengers on spaceship Earth, we are all crew", McLuhan ________________________________________________________________________________ <984E798CE7C4D4419A6D99DF385597A8156437(at)toroondc511.bell.corp.b ce.ca> <5.1.1.5.2.20050811111013.0155cae8(at)popserve.grc.nasa.gov>
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Jeff Boatright <jboatri(at)emory.edu>
Air Camper
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked
Air Camper Grades 5 and 8 used to be used in the auto industry a lot (may still be). Aut restorers often use grade 8 thinking that it's better because it's "stronger". I guess it's the Spinal Tap theory (But mine goes to 11!). However, for many suspension applications, grade 5, which is "weaker" but less brittle, is proper. I wonder if these failures would have occurred if fasteners with proper characteristics had been used? I'm not advocating using grade 5 hardware on an airplane, but if you're going to use non-A/N, at least research what you're doing. > > >In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area >flew with me from Cleveland for >about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were >gone. I found out that the builders >both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. >Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn >marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the >compression forces of the hub) and his >engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop >up front. He landed in a soybean >field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight >axle and flip him. Major damage, no >injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field >nearby. I say use whatever you want for >hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN >stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for >a hangar. > >Mike C. > > -- Jeffrey H. Boatright, PhD Assistant Professor, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, GA, USA Senior Editor, Molecular Vision, http://www.molvis.org/molvis mailto:jboatri(at)emory.edu ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
I also use "temporary" hardware as I learn what specific length AN bolt is needed, however I use wing nuts for my temporary nuts because they are easy to hand tighten, and they are very obvious to identify not to be left on the final project.... -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware Great idea, Steve. That accomplishes getting good hardware without ordering too much or ordering the wrong kinds. I don't know how many times I would order specific hardware, then forget I had ordered it and order more before I found the first batch. Your method should prevent that and keep expenses down. It also lets you proceed with the construction without having to wait for particular hardware to come in. I'm sure that was one way you were able to build a good, quality airplane for such a low price. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Bolt Help I'll tell you what I did to solve this problem when I was building. I couldn't afford to buy what I didn't need, but I could afford hardware store nuts and bolts at about $1.50 a pound. So I bought several pounds of 3/16 and 1/4" nuts and bolts and went home and painted them blue. These were my temporary fasteners to put the plane together and get me a very accurate list of what I would need in AN hardware. After assembly I would record what I needed and order the good stuff. One of the things I would check as I neared completion is for blue hardware. Now, after going through that hassle and having some extra money to spend, I ordered one of the aircraft bolt kits so I could have at least a couple AN bolts of every size for future projects. As an added bonus I have a bunch of used hardware variety bolts that get used around the house for various non-flying projects.... If you don't mind blue bolts. Hope this helps, Stevee This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com>
Camper
Subject: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air
Camper A few weeks ago I bought some new AN6-42A bolts and locking nuts for my A-75. I paid nearly $60, and walked out of the store with my jaw dragging (its a local aviation supply house). I needed them immediately, otherwise I would have ordered them. Aircraft Spruce has the same bolts for $1.94 each, or $11.64 for six of them. You can get them with a drilled shank or head. http://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/hapages/anbolts.php You can get AN "prop bolts" from Sensenich and others, and they will charge you a LOT more ($230 to $255 for a set of six AN6 bolts). You might wonder what you are getting for that extra $220 or so (an 1,800% markup). Obviously these "prop bolts" must be made from some exotic material, probably x-rayed and magna-fluxed to look for grain structure flaws at the factory, right? Wrong. You are paying for Sensenich's "receiving inspection procedures". Basically they test some of the bolts occasionally, and they measure them. Not worth $220 IMO. Buy AN bolts that were manufactured in the US, make sure you get the right length, and I think that is probably the best you can get. READ the thread in this link! It has responses from Sensenich QC people: http://www2.sensenich.com/discuss/messages/77/220.html?1101437673 http://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/appages/sensalumbolts.php You do have to be very careful to get the exact right length of thread so that you don't bottom out the nut on the bolt. Otherwise you'll stretch the bolt where the threads start, it will fail, and you'll break your plane and maybe die. To determine where the nut will bottom out, I install the nut on the bolt, turn it by hand until it bottoms out where the threads end, back it off one turn, and then mark the bolt or count threads. That way you know where you have to stop torquing the bolt (and that you need longer ones). Keep in mind that the prop compresses, so you'll need a little more thread than your measurements indicate. You can buy AN bolts from Spruce in 1/8" length increments, and there may only be two bolt lengths that will work with your prop due to the short threaded area. That means you have to do some very careful measuring with all of the washers, your prop, and hub. Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting Steve Eldredge : > > I just looked at the price for prop bolts for my A-65. > > Guess how much... > > Up to $45 each. > > http://store.wagaero.com/ > > Wood-Prop Bolts, Drilled Shank, AN6H-43 > > Wow. > > Stevee > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael > D Cuy > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 9:15 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > Camper > > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew > with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle > and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. > I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN > stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
This is what I did before I even knew there were "prop-bolts" sold at an outrageous premium. Glad to hear that is not uncommon. Sorry you had to pay the gouging price... Ouch. Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Ruse Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper A few weeks ago I bought some new AN6-42A bolts and locking nuts for my A-75. I paid nearly $60, and walked out of the store with my jaw dragging (its a local aviation supply house). I needed them immediately, otherwise I would have ordered them. Aircraft Spruce has the same bolts for $1.94 each, or $11.64 for six of them. You can get them with a drilled shank or head. http://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/hapages/anbolts.php You can get AN "prop bolts" from Sensenich and others, and they will charge you a LOT more ($230 to $255 for a set of six AN6 bolts). You might wonder what you are getting for that extra $220 or so (an 1,800% markup). Obviously these "prop bolts" must be made from some exotic material, probably x-rayed and magna-fluxed to look for grain structure flaws at the factory, right? Wrong. You are paying for Sensenich's "receiving inspection procedures". Basically they test some of the bolts occasionally, and they measure them. Not worth $220 IMO. Buy AN bolts that were manufactured in the US, make sure you get the right length, and I think that is probably the best you can get. READ the thread in this link! It has responses from Sensenich QC people: http://www2.sensenich.com/discuss/messages/77/220.html?1101437673 http://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/appages/sensalumbolts.php You do have to be very careful to get the exact right length of thread so that you don't bottom out the nut on the bolt. Otherwise you'll stretch the bolt where the threads start, it will fail, and you'll break your plane and maybe die. To determine where the nut will bottom out, I install the nut on the bolt, turn it by hand until it bottoms out where the threads end, back it off one turn, and then mark the bolt or count threads. That way you know where you have to stop torquing the bolt (and that you need longer ones). Keep in mind that the prop compresses, so you'll need a little more thread than your measurements indicate. You can buy AN bolts from Spruce in 1/8" length increments, and there may only be two bolt lengths that will work with your prop due to the short threaded area. That means you have to do some very careful measuring with all of the washers, your prop, and hub. Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting Steve Eldredge : > > I just looked at the price for prop bolts for my A-65. > > Guess how much... > > Up to $45 each. > > http://store.wagaero.com/ > > Wood-Prop Bolts, Drilled Shank, AN6H-43 > > Wow. > > Stevee > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael > D Cuy > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 9:15 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > Camper > > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew > with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle > and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. > I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN > stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
I like the wing-nut idea. Very appropriate! Steve "wingnut" E -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware I also use "temporary" hardware as I learn what specific length AN bolt is needed, however I use wing nuts for my temporary nuts because they are easy to hand tighten, and they are very obvious to identify not to be left on the final project.... -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware Great idea, Steve. That accomplishes getting good hardware without ordering too much or ordering the wrong kinds. I don't know how many times I would order specific hardware, then forget I had ordered it and order more before I found the first batch. Your method should prevent that and keep expenses down. It also lets you proceed with the construction without having to wait for particular hardware to come in. I'm sure that was one way you were able to build a good, quality airplane for such a low price. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- Bolt Help I'll tell you what I did to solve this problem when I was building. I couldn't afford to buy what I didn't need, but I could afford hardware store nuts and bolts at about $1.50 a pound. So I bought several pounds of 3/16 and 1/4" nuts and bolts and went home and painted them blue. These were my temporary fasteners to put the plane together and get me a very accurate list of what I would need in AN hardware. After assembly I would record what I needed and order the good stuff. One of the things I would check as I neared completion is for blue hardware. Now, after going through that hassle and having some extra money to spend, I ordered one of the aircraft bolt kits so I could have at least a couple AN bolts of every size for future projects. As an added bonus I have a bunch of used hardware variety bolts that get used around the house for various non-flying projects.... If you don't mind blue bolts. Hope this helps, Stevee ------ This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ======================================================================== ====== ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Huh? I just checked Aircraft Spruce, and they are showing $2.50 each for AN6H-43, or AN6H-43A. You can buy the undrilled ones a little cheaper and drill them yourself Jack Phillips, PE Sr. Manager, Disposables Product Development Clinical Technologies and Services Cardinal Health Creedmoor, NC (919) 528-5212 -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Eldredge Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper I just looked at the price for prop bolts for my A-65. Guess how much... Up to $45 each. http://store.wagaero.com/ Wood-Prop Bolts, Drilled Shank, AN6H-43 Wow. Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael D Cuy Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with me from Cleveland for about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were gone. I found out that the builders both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the compression forces of the hub) and his engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up front. He landed in a soybean field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle and flip him. Major damage, no injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I say use whatever you want for hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for a hangar. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com>
Camper
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air
Camper ce.ca> <5.1.1.5.2.20050811111013.0155cae8(at)popserve.grc.nasa.gov> Michael, I'm curious what the failure mode was on these bolts. Surely they didn't just break in tension. And they shouldn't have broken in shear unless they weren't torqued properly (or maybe they loosened over time, but that shouldn't be due to them being grade 8). Any idea? I'm not saying anyone should use Grade 8 on a prop, I use AN bolts and will continue to, but I'm curious what characteristic of the grade 8 bolts caused them to fail in this case. Steve Ruse Quoting Michael D Cuy : > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
When the DAR did my inspection, one of the strongest warnings he gave me was to check and re-check the torque on the prop bolts every 30 days. Wood will continue to give and the most common reason fo prop bolt failure is bolt fatigue dut to the lack of torque. I used AN bolts mostly on mine but there a few non structural places with stainless and my engine mount bolts at the firewall are Grade 8 because I needed a longer thread area so to double as cowling attach points. The inspector was fine with that. Dick N. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Michael D Cuy" <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were gone. > I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. > Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle > and flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Jim Courtney <jbciii5656(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Thanks for the great link about AN bolts!... Sincerely, Jim Courtney Florence, Mississippi jbciii5656(at)yahoo.com or Jbciii5656(at)aol.com John and Phyllis Smoyer wrote: I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, but the numbers don't correspond directly to the length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire length, so you can run into problems there, also. I found this site on google, and it looks like it can tell you all you need to know. http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm. It even includes a down-loadable program. HOpe this helps. Best Regards, John Smoyer --------------------------------- ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Subject: AN Hardware
From: John Hofmann <jhofmann(at)reesgroupinc.com>
Be careful out there. Cadmium plating, proper bolt stretch when accurately torqued and rolled vs. cut threads are three reasons not to skimp on hardware, especially in critical areas. I don't think I want to save the couple hundred dollars on the project in hardware costs. Just my two cents. -john- John Hofmann A&P and restorer of a few old flivvers. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com>
Camper
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air
Camper ce.ca> <5.1.1.5.2.20050811111013.0155cae8(at)popserve.grc.nasa.gov> Speaking of re-torquing prop bolts, I need to do that before I go up Saturday morning. I'd like to get the opinion of the experts here before I do so. To avoid overtightening of prop bolts when checking the torque, do you typicaly loosen the bolts a little (1/16 turn), then re-torque to spec? Or just set the wrench to the max recomended torque value and check the bolt? If you don't loosen the bolts first, and they don't budge at the recommended torque value, do you then loosen the bolts and re-torque (since the proper torque reading is taken when the nut is moving)? Thanks, Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting Dick Navratil : > > > When the DAR did my inspection, one of the strongest warnings he gave me was > to check and re-check the torque on the prop bolts every 30 days. Wood will > continue to give and the most common reason fo prop bolt failure is bolt > fatigue dut to the lack of torque. I used AN bolts mostly on mine but there > a few non structural places with stainless and my engine mount bolts at the > firewall are Grade 8 because I needed a longer thread area so to double as > cowling attach points. The inspector was fine with that. > > Dick N. > Dick N. > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Michael D Cuy" <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov> > To: > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 10:14 AM > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > Camper > > >> >> >> In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area >> flew with me from Cleveland for >> about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were >> gone. I found out that the builders >> both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. >> Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn >> marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the >> compression forces of the hub) and his >> engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop >> up front. He landed in a soybean >> field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight >> axle and flip him. Major damage, no >> injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field >> nearby. I say use whatever you want for >> hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN >> stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for >> a hangar. >> >> Mike C. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com>
Subject: Re: AN Hardware
John (or anyone), Is there a simple way to identify cut vs. rolled threads? Rolled threads are preferred, correct? Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting John Hofmann : > > > Be careful out there. Cadmium plating, proper bolt stretch when accurately > torqued and rolled vs. cut threads are three reasons not to skimp on > hardware, especially in critical areas. I don't think I want to save the > couple hundred dollars on the project in hardware costs. Just my two cents. > > -john- > John Hofmann > A&P and restorer of a few old flivvers. ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: AN Hardware
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
I'll jump into this one, I took some classes once.... I recall rolled threads have more radius edges (points and valleys) which is created when the threads get formed by a die, where cut threads have sharper points and valleys from being cut. I also recall that a rolled thread, has a larger minor diameter (the diameter at the root of the thread), and the major diameter may also be a little larger than that of cut threads. This is because the material is not being cut away from the major diameter (shank), it's being re-located to another area of the bolt. The major diameter of the threaded portion (rolled threads) of the bolt grows in size, where on cut threads, the material gets cut away because as you cut, you remove some of the outer diameter. That's my recollection from that day in school in 1984, and it's not obvious to me how the threads were formed when I casually look at a bolt. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Ruse Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: AN Hardware John (or anyone), Is there a simple way to identify cut vs. rolled threads? Rolled threads are preferred, correct? Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting John Hofmann : > > > Be careful out there. Cadmium plating, proper bolt stretch when accurately > torqued and rolled vs. cut threads are three reasons not to skimp on > hardware, especially in critical areas. I don't think I want to save the > couple hundred dollars on the project in hardware costs. Just my two cents. > > -john- > John Hofmann > A&P and restorer of a few old flivvers. This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Camper
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air
Camper ce.ca> <5.1.1.5.2.20050811111013.0155cae8(at)popserve.grc.nasa.gov> Just remember,,,Harder doesn't mean tougher. It seems that AN bolts can be tied in a pretzel knot whithout breaking,,,cold. My Mentor told a story of a crash of a Mooney. Appariently the Mooneys use a very small engine mount bolt. 3/8" (AN-6) (I think, or smaller) He said he saw the aftermath of the crash. The plane twisted into a horseshoe. The tail came around to meet the nose. He said the mount bolts suffered no damage. Amazing with all the forces involved. walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: "Michael D Cuy" <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Subject: Re: AN Hardware
From: John Hofmann <jhofmann(at)reesgroupinc.com>
I used to have a sheet with a diagram pointing out the differences. I will see if I can find it. I also remember seeing diagrams or photos attached to the Piper lift strut fork AD of several years ago requiring cut thread forks being replaced with rolled thread forks. I posted this AD two or three years ago but can't seem to find it now. -john- > > I'll jump into this one, I took some classes once.... I recall rolled > threads have more radius edges (points and valleys) which is created > when the threads get formed by a die, where cut threads have sharper > points and valleys from being cut. I also recall that a rolled thread, > has a larger minor diameter (the diameter at the root of the thread), > and the major diameter may also be a little larger than that of cut > threads. This is because the material is not being cut away from the > major diameter (shank), it's being re-located to another area of the > bolt. The major diameter of the threaded portion (rolled threads) of the > bolt grows in size, where on cut threads, the material gets cut away > because as you cut, you remove some of the outer diameter. That's my > recollection from that day in school in 1984, and it's not obvious to me > how the threads were formed when I casually look at a bolt. > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve > Ruse > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 2:06 PM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: AN Hardware > > > > > John (or anyone), > > Is there a simple way to identify cut vs. rolled threads? Rolled > threads are > preferred, correct? > > Steve Ruse > N6383J - KFTW > > Quoting John Hofmann : > >> >> >> Be careful out there. Cadmium plating, proper bolt stretch when > accurately >> torqued and rolled vs. cut threads are three reasons not to skimp on >> hardware, especially in critical areas. I don't think I want to save > the >> couple hundred dollars on the project in hardware costs. Just my two > cents. >> >> -john- >> John Hofmann >> A&P and restorer of a few old flivvers. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain > privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from > disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please > inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any > printed copy. Thank you. > ============================================================================== > > > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: mark thomson <kr2(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
you might want to make life easier on yourself by calling a couple of aircraft distributers and they will be happy to send you FREE an A&N bolt chart so will be able to match up what you need.........just a suggestion...... lots of good landings......Mark -----Original Message----- From: Steve Eldredge <steve(at)byu.edu> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware Bolt Help I'll tell you what I did to solve this problem when I was building. I couldn't afford to buy what I didn't need, but I could afford hardware store nuts and bolts at about $1.50 a pound. So I bought several pounds of 3/16 and 1/4" nuts and bolts and went home and painted them blue. These were my temporary fasteners to put the plane together and get me a very accurate list of what I would need in AN hardware. After assembly I would record what I needed and order the good stuff. One of the things I would check as I neared completion is for blue hardware. Now, after going through that hassle and having some extra money to spend, I ordered one of the aircraft bolt kits so I could have at least a couple AN bolts of every size for future projects. As an added bonus I have a bunch of used hardware variety bolts that get used around the house for various non-flying projects.... If you don't mind blue bolts. Hope this helps, Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of BernadetteTS Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: A/N Hardware > >From: TBYH(at)aol.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: A/N Hardware & MAAC Fly-in > >I guess I wasn't very clear in my question the other day -- what I'm >wondering is if anyone has a list of the A/N hardware that they used >in each specific >area of their Air Camper. For example, what specific AN bolt and nut did you >use to attach the wood landing gear struts at the fuselage fittings? Did you >use drilled bolts and safety-wired all the nuts together, or did you use self >locking nuts? What size A/N bolts and nuts did you use in other areas of the >plane? I suppose the sizes can vary somewhat depending upon how accurately one >cuts the wood, but am hoping to get a little guidance. >Fred B. May I piggyback a question onto this topic? Why go to the expense of AN hardware when bolting together parts through a wood structure? The cheapest bolts known to man are going to be stronger than wood. Wouldn't the wooden parts fail before the bolts were overstressed anyway? This is not to say I would get my hardware from the bulk bins down at the local Farm and Fleet store. Just wondering DocFont ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central Standard Time, jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. Total was 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. Jack, I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am sure most everyone on the list would love to hear it, too. Why not just post it in the e-mail form to the list ? Include your tail # in the subject line. Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Jeff Boatright <jboatri(at)emory.edu>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
I second that. I'd love to hear about it. >In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central Standard Time, >jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: > >I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. >Total was 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. > >Jack, >I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am sure most >everyone on the list would love to hear it, too. Why not just post >it in the e-mail form to the list ? Include your tail # in the >subject line. > >Chuck G. -- Jeffrey H. Boatright, PhD Assistant Professor, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, GA, USA Senior Editor, Molecular Vision, http://www.molvis.org/molvis mailto:jboatri(at)emory.edu ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Mitty <benny_bee_01(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
Jim Courtney, Where do you fly?? I live in jackson,ms and fly at Pisgah.Email me off list and let's chat! Mitty --- Jim Courtney wrote: > Thanks for the great link about AN bolts!... > > Sincerely, > > Jim Courtney > Florence, Mississippi > > > > jbciii5656(at)yahoo.com or Jbciii5656(at)aol.com > > > John and Phyllis Smoyer > wrote: > I don't know of a definitive listing, but I can > decode the AN nomenclature to some degree: > > The number(s) after the letters "AN" identifies the > diameter of the bolt in increments of 1/16 inch. > For example, and AN3 bolt or nut is 3/16" dia. AN 4 > bolts are 1/4" dia, and so on. > > The dash number identifies the length of the bolt, > but the numbers don't correspond directly to the > length. In fact, AN3-10 bolt is not the same length > as an AN4-10 is not the same length as an AN5-10. > Also, AN bolts aren't threaded along their entire > length, so you can run into problems there, also. > > I found this site on google, and it looks like it > can tell you all you need to know. > http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/gyro/bolts.htm. It even > includes a down-loadable program. > > HOpe this helps. > > Best Regards, > John Smoyer > > > --------------------------------- __________________________________ Stay connected, organized, and protected. Take the tour: http://tour.mail.yahoo.com/mailtour.html ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Mitty <benny_bee_01(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
Me too. Please send it to me as well cuz i knwo next year i'll go for sure! --- Jeff Boatright wrote: > I second that. I'd love to hear about it. > > >In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central > Standard Time, > >jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: > > > >I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you > if you want. > >Total was 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. > > > >Jack, > >I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am > sure most > >everyone on the list would love to hear it, too. > Why not just post > >it in the e-mail form to the list ? Include your > tail # in the > >subject line. > > > >Chuck G. > > > -- > > > Jeffrey H. Boatright, PhD > Assistant Professor, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, GA, > USA > Senior Editor, Molecular Vision, > http://www.molvis.org/molvis > mailto:jboatri(at)emory.edu > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dale Johnson" <ddjohn(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Steve The proper way to re-torque a prop is to looosen the bolts a lot and let it sit for at lease an hour. Then start over and torque to the proper setting. Dale Mpls, > [Original Message] > From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com> > To: > Date: 8/11/2005 1:51:23 PM > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper > > > Speaking of re-torquing prop bolts, I need to do that before I go up Saturday > morning. I'd like to get the opinion of the experts here before I do so. > > To avoid overtightening of prop bolts when checking the torque, do you > typicaly > loosen the bolts a little (1/16 turn), then re-torque to spec? Or just > set the > wrench to the max recomended torque value and check the bolt? If you don't > loosen the bolts first, and they don't budge at the recommended torque value, > do you then loosen the bolts and re-torque (since the proper torque reading is > taken when the nut is moving)? > > Thanks, > > Steve Ruse > N6383J - KFTW > > Quoting Dick Navratil : > > > > > > > When the DAR did my inspection, one of the strongest warnings he gave me was > > to check and re-check the torque on the prop bolts every 30 days. Wood will > > continue to give and the most common reason fo prop bolt failure is bolt > > fatigue dut to the lack of torque. I used AN bolts mostly on mine but there > > a few non structural places with stainless and my engine mount bolts at the > > firewall are Grade 8 because I needed a longer thread area so to double as > > cowling attach points. The inspector was fine with that. > > > > Dick N. > > Dick N. > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "Michael D Cuy" <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov> > > To: > > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 10:14 AM > > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > > Camper > > > > > >> > >> > >> In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area > >> flew with me from Cleveland for > >> about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > >> gone. I found out that the builders > >> both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. > >> Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > >> marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > >> compression forces of the hub) and his > >> engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop > >> up front. He landed in a soybean > >> field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight > >> axle and flip him. Major damage, no > >> injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field > >> nearby. I say use whatever you want for > >> hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN > >> stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > >> a hangar. > >> > >> Mike C. > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
In a message dated 8/11/2005 12:43:49 PM Central Standard Time, steve(at)wotelectronics.com writes: Michael, I'm curious what the failure mode was on these bolts. Surely they didn't just break in tension. And they shouldn't have broken in shear unless they weren't torqued properly (or maybe they loosened over time, but that shouldn't be due to them being grade 8). Any idea? I'm not saying anyone should use Grade 8 on a prop, I use AN bolts and will continue to, but I'm curious what characteristic of the grade 8 bolts caused them to fail in this case. Steve Ruse I remember this occurance. They both neglected to re-torque the prop as routine maintenance. This is why I re-torque my prop at least 5 or 6 times in the course of a 12 month period, and record each date in my log book. I remove the safety wire, loosen and break the bolt loose, then re-torque to the spec that I have written on the inside of the skull cap...I think it is 15 to 17 ft. lbs. The method that Dale mentioned, about loosening the bolts and letting it sit for an hour, makes sense. It allows the wood to breath a little. I've never done it that way, but I think I'll change my task planning to accomodate that method. Don't forget to re-check the track. Chuck G. Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
One other small follow up point is that the Model A engine only has 4 prop bolts so this becomes more critical. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 4:57 PM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper In a message dated 8/11/2005 12:43:49 PM Central Standard Time, steve(at)wotelectronics.com writes: Michael, I'm curious what the failure mode was on these bolts. Surely they didn't just break in tension. And they shouldn't have broken in shear unless they weren't torqued properly (or maybe they loosened over time, but that shouldn't be due to them being grade 8). Any idea? I'm not saying anyone should use Grade 8 on a prop, I use AN bolts and will continue to, but I'm curious what characteristic of the grade 8 bolts caused them to fail in this case. Steve Ruse I remember this occurance. They both neglected to re-torque the prop as routine maintenance. This is why I re-torque my prop at least 5 or 6 times in the course of a 12 month period, and record each date in my log book. I remove the safety wire, loosen and break the bolt loose, then re-torque to the spec that I have written on the inside of the skull cap...I think it is 15 to 17 ft. lbs. The method that Dale mentioned, about loosening the bolts and letting it sit for an hour, makes sense. It allows the wood to breath a little. I've never done it that way, but I think I'll change my task planning to accomodate that method. Don't forget to re-check the track. Chuck G. Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Gary Gower <ggower_99(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper
Just one very important thing, to do: Once you finish the bolt torque process, before safety the wire, check the actual tracking of the propeller tips... Is not common to happen, but if the track is not correct, could make a vibration on the engine... If out of tracking, retorque and/or shim,. Hope this helps Saludos Gary Gower. Dale Johnson wrote: Steve The proper way to re-torque a prop is to looosen the bolts a lot and let it sit for at lease an hour. Then start over and torque to the proper setting. Dale Mpls, > [Original Message] > From: Steve Ruse > To: > Date: 8/11/2005 1:51:23 PM > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked AirCamper > > > Speaking of re-torquing prop bolts, I need to do that before I go up Saturday > morning. I'd like to get the opinion of the experts here before I do so. > > To avoid overtightening of prop bolts when checking the torque, do you > typicaly > loosen the bolts a little (1/16 turn), then re-torque to spec? Or just > set the > wrench to the max recomended torque value and check the bolt? If you don't > loosen the bolts first, and they don't budge at the recommended torque value, > do you then loosen the bolts and re-torque (since the proper torque reading is > taken when the nut is moving)? > > Thanks, > > Steve Ruse > N6383J - KFTW > > Quoting Dick Navratil : > > > > > > > When the DAR did my inspection, one of the strongest warnings he gave me was > > to check and re-check the torque on the prop bolts every 30 days. Wood will > > continue to give and the most common reason fo prop bolt failure is bolt > > fatigue dut to the lack of torque. I used AN bolts mostly on mine but there > > a few non structural places with stainless and my engine mount bolts at the > > firewall are Grade 8 because I needed a longer thread area so to double as > > cowling attach points. The inspector was fine with that. > > > > Dick N. > > Dick N. > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "Michael D Cuy" > > To: > > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 10:14 AM > > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > > Camper > > > > > >> > >> > >> In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area > >> flew with me from Cleveland for > >> about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > >> gone. I found out that the builders > >> both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their props. > >> Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > >> marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > >> compression forces of the hub) and his > >> engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop > >> up front. He landed in a soybean > >> field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight > >> axle and flip him. Major damage, no > >> injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field > >> nearby. I say use whatever you want for > >> hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN > >> stuff is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > >> a hangar. > >> > >> Mike C. > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --------------------------------- ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Mike Volckmann <mike_cfi(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05
Jack, I also would really appreciate reading the journal of your trip. I think that some of my favorite read for enjoyment reading were books such as "The Flight of the Gin Viz". Mike Rcaprd(at)aol.com wrote: In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central Standard Time, jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. Total was 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. Jack, I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am sure most everyone on the list would love to hear it, too. Why not just post it in the e-mail form to the list ? Include your tail # in the subject line. Chuck G. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Galen Hutcheson <wacopitts(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
I doubt the prop failure was caused because the bolts were Grade 8 rather than AN. More likely the failure was due to improper torqueing and maintence. I have seen AN bolts fail under the same circumstances. I do believe that AN bolts have certain qualities that make them important in certain applications, but to say that they must be used in "All" applications (except in certificated airplanes) is being a little extremeist. I think common sense should prevail when appying what type of bolt goes where. Not everything on an airplane is a critical structural area and therefore doesn't need the AN treatment. I do not classify Grade 8 bolts as junk. They are quite strong enough to be used in some areas of an aircraft. I would not use them for prop bolts, for instance. To keep things in perspective, we are building experimental aircraft, not certificated aircraft and do not have to meet standards that are not appropriate for the type of airplanes we are building. We can build safe airplanes by using good judgement and common sense. The safe airplane is the goal we all should be striving for. (And yes, I can afford AN bolts when I decide I need them for the proper application.) Doc H --- Michael D Cuy wrote: > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the > Brockport, NY area flew with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back > both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for > their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let > go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went > down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle > around his straight axle and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an > open field nearby. I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you > use junk. If AN stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > > > > > browse > Subscriptions page, > FAQ, > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "David Paulsen" <dpaul(at)fidnet.com>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Sorry to butt in on the hardware subject. Recently someone on the list was looking for a Piet project that had much of the woodwork completed. Can anyone remember who that was. Thanks - Dave Paulsen ----- Original Message ----- From: "Galen Hutcheson" <wacopitts(at)yahoo.com> Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper > > > I doubt the prop failure was caused because the bolts > were Grade 8 rather than AN. More likely the failure > was due to improper torqueing and maintence. I have > seen AN bolts fail under the same circumstances. I do > believe that AN bolts have certain qualities that make > them important in certain applications, but to say > that they must be used in "All" applications (except > in certificated airplanes) is being a little > extremeist. I think common sense should prevail when > appying what type of bolt goes where. Not everything > on an airplane is a critical structural area and > therefore doesn't need the AN treatment. I do not > classify Grade 8 bolts as junk. They are quite strong > enough to be used in some areas of an aircraft. I > would not use them for prop bolts, for instance. To > keep things in perspective, we are building > experimental aircraft, not certificated aircraft and > do not have to meet standards that are not appropriate > for the type of airplanes we are building. We can > build safe airplanes by using good judgement and > common sense. The safe airplane is the goal we all > should be striving for. (And yes, I can afford AN > bolts when I decide I need them for the proper > application.) > > Doc H > > --- Michael D Cuy wrote: > >> >> >> In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the >> Brockport, NY area flew with >> me from Cleveland for >> about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back >> both planes were >> gone. I found out that the builders >> both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for >> their >> props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn >> marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let >> go, loosening the >> compression forces of the hub) and his >> engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went >> down with no prop up >> front. He landed in a soybean >> field and the beans were high enough to tangle >> around his straight axle and >> flip him. Major damage, no >> injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an >> open field nearby. I >> say use whatever you want for >> hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you >> use junk. If AN stuff >> is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for >> a hangar. >> >> Mike C. >> >> >> >> >> >> browse >> Subscriptions page, >> FAQ, >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > > __________________________________________________ > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper
Date: Aug 11, 2005
Wagaero is always a rip off. I have ordered from them once in my life. Since then I have learned that they are very high priced. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu> Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air Camper > > I just looked at the price for prop bolts for my A-65. > > Guess how much... > > Up to $45 each. > > http://store.wagaero.com/ > > Wood-Prop Bolts, Drilled Shank, AN6H-43 > > Wow. > > Stevee > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com > [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael > D Cuy > Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2005 9:15 AM > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Grade 8 Prop bolts forced landing--wrecked Air > Camper > > > > In 1998 two Ford powered Air Campers from the Brockport, NY area flew > with > me from Cleveland for > about 1/2 hour towards Brodhead when I looked back both planes were > gone. I found out that the builders > both used Grade 8 bolts from the hardware store for their > props. Evidently the bolts failed (there were burn > marks on the back of the prop while each bolt let go, loosening the > compression forces of the hub) and his > engine rpm went thru the roof...and then he went down with no prop up > front. He landed in a soybean > field and the beans were high enough to tangle around his straight axle > and > flip him. Major damage, no > injuries. The other Air Camper landed safely in an open field nearby. > I > say use whatever you want for > hardware, but don't take anyone for a ride if you use junk. If AN > stuff > is too pricey, wait til you try to pay for > a hangar. > > Mike C. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 11, 2005
From: Mark <aerialphotos(at)dp.net>
Subject: Re: A/N Hardware
SpamAssassin (score=-2.273, required 3, AWL -0.27, BAYES_00 -2.60, J_CHICKENPOX_72 0.60) Mitty wrote: > > >Jim Courtney, >Where do you fly?? >I live in jackson,ms and fly at Pisgah.Email me off >list and let's chat! > > >Mitty > > Hey I got my commercial ticket in Jackson many years ago. Small world ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: AN Hardware
Date: Aug 12, 2005
You only had to go to school for one day!No wonder you remember everything about that day!Just pullin your wire ,haha!There is a reason why we are supposed to use AN hardware.Why temp the Gods.Do as your told .For the little extra it costs,it may save your life.Don't be a Titanic! -----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Egan, John
Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: AN Hardware I'll jump into this one, I took some classes once.... I recall rolled threads have more radius edges (points and valleys) which is created when the threads get formed by a die, where cut threads have sharper points and valleys from being cut. I also recall that a rolled thread, has a larger minor diameter (the diameter at the root of the thread), and the major diameter may also be a little larger than that of cut threads. This is because the material is not being cut away from the major diameter (shank), it's being re-located to another area of the bolt. The major diameter of the threaded portion (rolled threads) of the bolt grows in size, where on cut threads, the material gets cut away because as you cut, you remove some of the outer diameter. That's my recollection from that day in school in 1984, and it's not obvious to me how the threads were formed when I casually look at a bolt. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Steve Ruse Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: AN Hardware John (or anyone), Is there a simple way to identify cut vs. rolled threads? Rolled threads are preferred, correct? Steve Ruse N6383J - KFTW Quoting John Hofmann : > > > Be careful out there. Cadmium plating, proper bolt stretch when accurately > torqued and rolled vs. cut threads are three reasons not to skimp on > hardware, especially in critical areas. I don't think I want to save the > couple hundred dollars on the project in hardware costs. Just my two cents. > > -john- > John Hofmann > A&P and restorer of a few old flivvers. This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: Wag Aero/sources
Chris is absolutely right about Wag Aero---a total ripoff. Guys at the airport have asked me to make cooling eyebrows for Cubs and such since they saw that it really is expensive to buy them thru Wag Aero and how cheaply you can make them from dead soft .025" aluminum. That is just one example. There have been many good posts on where to buy decent, reasonably priced AN hardware and turnbuckles. As plans-built builders we do have to be creative in finding our building materials like many of you who have dealt with McCormack Lumber in Madison. For AN hardware and sheet steel and aluminum I used (for us middle-west-to-east-coast Piet nuts, Dillsburg Aeroworks for all of my hardware--including lift strut/streamlined materials. You have to know what you want when you call--do the homework' in the Bingelis books or in the AN sections of Wicks and or ASS catalogs and give them a try. Dillsburg Aero, 717-432-4589. They ship same day UPS and you pay after the shipment arrives. It is an 'old-school' operation, but very efficient. Mike C. PS--as posted earlier...used whatever type/grade of hardware/steel/aluminum you want but research it well before you substitute. There are plenty of other things that can bring a Pietenpol down--I'd rather not gamble on adding more risk factors to the plane ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: cap screws
Date: Aug 12, 2005
Hey, Re the hardware discussion. On my "A", I'm using a hub adaptor with four bolts to the engine, and six to the prop. The four bolts to the crank need to be cap screws, and I absolutely could not find any "AN" cap screws, so I'm using the best quality ones I could find from a bolt supplier. Where could one find AN cap screws Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
From: <pietflyr(at)bellsouth.net>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 in NX899JP
Date: Aug 12, 2005
You asked for it. Bear in mind that this account was writen for family members who don't necessarily know anything about Pietenpols. Jack Phillips NX899JP > > From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com > Date: 2005/08/11 Thu PM 05:11:32 EDT > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 > > In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central Standard Time, > jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: > I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. Total was > 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. > Jack, > I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am sure most everyone on the > list would love to hear it, too. Why not just post it in the e-mail form to > the list ? Include your tail # in the subject line. > > Chuck G. > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: drive pins on Model A prop hub
Douwe--- I've heard of guys not having drive pins on Model A hubs with bad results. I'm sure Ken Perkins and such know you need them but some A builders aren't aware of this. Mike C. ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: Rick Holland <at7000ft(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Landing gear design sanity check
Just wanted to verify my landing gear layout before I start cutting the tubing. If anyone has a chance this weekend would you measure the distance from the front landing gear fitting (or bottom of the floor plywood) to the ground on your Piet? I came up with 32" to get a 12 degree deck angle and want to make sure I am not mis-calculating something. Thanks -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Dick Navratil" <horzpool(at)goldengate.net>
Subject: Re: Landing gear design sanity check
Date: Aug 12, 2005
Rick I'll measure mine this weekend but I just wanted to give you a reminder of the more important measurement than the angle. Make sure that all said and done, with the tail up on level, that you will have 9"+ ground clearance for the prop. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: Rick Holland To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Friday, August 12, 2005 10:28 AM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Landing gear design sanity check Just wanted to verify my landing gear layout before I start cutting the tubing. If anyone has a chance this weekend would you measure the distance from the front landing gear fitting (or bottom of the floor plywood) to the ground on your Piet? I came up with 32" to get a 12 degree deck angle and want to make sure I am not mis-calculating something. Thanks -- Rick Holland ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: DONALD COOLEY <adonjr(at)sbcglobal.net>
Subject: Drill Guide
Hello Group, Browsing in a woodworking store, I discovered a nifty Drill Guide Kit (part #140876) which allows the user to drill holes vertically on flat and round surfaces, and at a 45 degree angle on corners. It consists of an acrylic base and six steel guides ranging from 3/16 to 1/2 inch diameter. At $12 it is a useful addition to any woodworker's shop. The store is called the Wood Gallery in Rancho Cordova, (Sacramento), California. They ship, too. thewoodgallery(at)earthlink.net Keep the sawdust flying! Don Cooley ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: Drill Guide
Don, Got put onto the idea when I started building. I had made my own, but this sound perfect. Yes that is one of those little, very useful tools that makes a good job better. Nice clean holes, without being eggshaped from a "do over" walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: DONALD COOLEY To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Friday, August 12, 2005 2:33 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Drill Guide Hello Group, Browsing in a woodworking store, I discovered a nifty Drill Guide Kit (part #140876) which allows the user to drill holes vertically on flat and round surfaces, and at a 45 degree angle on corners. It consists of an acrylic base and six steel guides ranging from 3/16 to 1/2 inch diameter. At $12 it is a useful addition to any woodworker's shop. The store is called the Wood Gallery in Rancho Cordova, (Sacramento), California. They ship, too. thewoodgallery(at)earthlink.net Keep the sawdust flying! Don Cooley ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 12, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 in NX899JP
Jack, Great account. I'm envious of the "Man with Iron Cheeks" : ) walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: <pietflyr(at)bellsouth.net> Subject: Re: Re: Pietenpol-List: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 in NX899JP > You asked for it. Bear in mind that this account was writen for family members who don't necessarily know anything about Pietenpols. > > Jack Phillips > NX899JP > > > > From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com > > Date: 2005/08/11 Thu PM 05:11:32 EDT > > To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com > > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 > > > > In a message dated 8/11/2005 6:19:46 AM Central Standard Time, > > jphillip(at)alarismed.com writes: > > I wrote a journal of my trip that I can send to you if you want. Total was > > 2,147 miles and 37 hours of flying. > > Jack, > > I would really enjoy hearing about your trip. I am sure most everyone on the > > list would love to hear it, too. Why not just post it in the e-mail form to > > the list ? Include your tail # in the subject line. > > > > Chuck G. > > > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Carl Vought" <carbarvo(at)knology.net>
Subject: Prop borings
Date: Aug 12, 2005
I have a wooden prop which I plan to install on a Model-A engine in my Aircamper. The drillings that were in the hub when I got it just don't look right. They're a little out of round and I don't think the centers are exactly on-the money (because of the difficulty I have in getting the prop onto the hub). I'd like to hear what you fellows recommend to correct this. I'm thinking of epoxying a close-fitting hardwood plug in each hole and redrilling with a Forester bit, using a vertical mill to locate the hole centers. One could also redrill the holes and epoxy a steel insert in each hole, then drill the inserts. Whatd'yathink???...Carl Vought ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Alan Lyscars" <alyscars(at)maine.rr.com>
Subject: Re: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 in NX899JP
Date: Aug 12, 2005
Dear Jack, Thank you, very much, for putting your flight into words. With your permission, I'll share your experience with others who want to know what flying's all about. On day I, too, will write to you about my Aircamper flight from Maine to OSH. Until that day arrrives, my heart and admiration goes out to you and all of the fellows who have flown "The Leg". Very truly yours, Alan Lyscars ----- Original Message ----- From: <pietflyr(at)bellsouth.net> Subject: Re: Re: Pietenpol-List: Brodhead to Oshkosh '05 in NX899JP > You asked for it. Bear in mind that this account was writen for family members who don't necessarily know anything about Pietenpols. > > Jack Phillips > NX899JP ________________________________________________________________________________
From: TRichmo9(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 13, 2005
Subject: Re: Drill Guide
don i have a set of those drill guides mine go vdown to a 1/16 ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: drive lugs on "A"
Date: Aug 13, 2005
Mike, Thanks! Perkins adaptor does have the holes for the "A" drive lugs. Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 13, 2005
Subject: [ Bill Church ] : New Email List Photo Share Available!
From: Email List Photo Shares <pictures(at)matronics.com>
A new Email List Photo Share is available: Poster: Bill Church Lists: Pietenpol-List Subject: Brodhead 2005 http://www.matronics.com/photoshare/bchurch@canadianrogers.com.08.13.2005/index.html o Main Photo Share Index http://www.matronics.com/photoshare o Submitting a Photo Share If you wish to submit a Photo Share of your own, please include the following information along with your email message and files: 1) Email List or Lists that they are related to: 2) Your Full Name: 3) Your Email Address: 4) One line Subject description: 5) Multi-line, multi-paragraph description of topic: 6) One-line Description of each photo or file: Email the information above and your files and photos to: pictures(at)matronics.com ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Michael Turrell" <emtyit(at)3web.net>
Subject: Wheels on Dennis Halls Sky Scout
Date: Aug 13, 2005
Just admiring Bill Church's photos of Brodhead and wondered if anyone can tell me where Dennis Hall got the wheels and tires for his Scout.I love the look and would appreciate any info ,or web sites to steer me in the right direction.I like the spoked wheel but the solid wheel would be my choice.Also is there any down side to using them? Thanks, Mike . ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jim Markle" <jim_markle(at)mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Sky Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
Not sure if you mean "solid looking" wheels or if you're thinking those are actual solid metal rims...... But those are wire wheels with fabric covering. Really neat looking. Jim in Plano ----- Original Message ----- From: Michael Turrell To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Saturday, August 13, 2005 1:53 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Wheels on Dennis Halls Sky Scout Just admiring Bill Church's photos of Brodhead and wondered if anyone can tell me where Dennis Hall got the wheels and tires for his Scout.I love the look and would appreciate any info ,or web sites to steer me in the right direction.I like the spoked wheel but the solid wheel would be my choice.Also is there any down side to using them? Thanks, Mike . ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Michael Turrell" <emtyit(at)3web.net>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
Thankyou Jim,and yes I thought they were possibly solid aluminum rims.Live and learn ! How is the fabric attached if I might inquire ? Regards,Mike ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Jim Markle" <jim_markle(at)mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
Well, I'm looking forward to getting the specific "how do they do that?" details from someone who has actually done it! Seems part of the process involves lapping the fabric up and over the rim, into the area where the wheel bead pushes out againt the inside of the rim (when you inflate the tire), then shrinking the fabric...... Someone (Bill Church, I think) told me you let all the air out of the tire, squeeze the tire over to one side of the rim and lap the fabric up and over the exposed side of the rim, attaching the fabric inside the rim. Then do the other side, fill up the tire with air then heat shrink the fabric. That must be what gives it that nice, smooth, "almost aluminum" look. I'm assuming some kind of ring would be attached to the fabric in the axle area to give it some shape and control the size of the opening in that area. I've only "watched the video" so it would not be wise to put much merit in any of this....but maybe some part of it is right!!! :-) I've spent a LOT of time powdercoating my wheels/spokes/nipples/etc black so I don't really want to cover it up now.....but after seeing Dennis' wheels, I'm wrestling with the idea! Those covered wheels look fantastic! JM ----- Original Message ----- From: Michael Turrell To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Sunday, August 14, 2005 9:29 AM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout Thankyou Jim,and yes I thought they were possibly solid aluminum rims.Live and learn ! How is the fabric attached if I might inquire ? Regards,Mike ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Sky Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
The rims might be from Coker Tire and the tires are definitely form Coker tire, shaved down. cHris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Michael Turrell To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Saturday, August 13, 2005 1:53 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Wheels on Dennis Halls Sky Scout Just admiring Bill Church's photos of Brodhead and wondered if anyone can tell me where Dennis Hall got the wheels and tires for his Scout.I love the look and would appreciate any info ,or web sites to steer me in the right direction.I like the spoked wheel but the solid wheel would be my choice.Also is there any down side to using them? Thanks, Mike . ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Christian Bobka" <sbobka(at)charter.net>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
I believe they were solid aluminum rims from Coker. Chris Braumeister und Inspektor der Flitzer und Flitzermotoren ----- Original Message ----- From: Michael Turrell To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Sunday, August 14, 2005 9:29 AM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout Thankyou Jim,and yes I thought they were possibly solid aluminum rims.Live and learn ! How is the fabric attached if I might inquire ? Regards,Mike ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Michael Conkling" <hpvs(at)southwind.net>
Subject: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout
Date: Aug 14, 2005
I have a scan of a page from "WW1 Aero" on how they did the wheel covers in 1915 (thanks to the PFA for compiling them! ;-) They show clips sewn into the edge of the fabric cover about every couple inches -- these are hooked into 1/8" holes drilled into the rim side wall. In consideration to the folks with dial-up modems (I'm also one of them! ;-), contact me for a copy -- the scan is about 450 KB. Bear in mind that this also adds surface area forward of the C.G., so you might be more spin-prone -) (this was also something else that they discovered in the early days !!) Mike C. Pretty Prairie, KS ----- Original Message ----- From: Michael Turrell To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com Sent: Sunday, August 14, 2005 9:29 AM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Wheels on Dennis Halls Scout Thankyou Jim,and yes I thought they were possibly solid aluminum rims.Live and learn ! How is the fabric attached if I might inquire ? Regards,Mike ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Tuu2Tango(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 15, 2005
Subject: Covered Wheel Crosswind Loading?
Does anyone have any info on what additional loading is placed on an Aircamper when spoked wheels are fabric covered? I like the streamling effect in forward movement but It seems that covering two-each large diameter wheels at such a low spot in the profile could change the landing charateristics in crosswinds and make negotiating gusting winds a new experience. Thanks, Roy ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Michael Conkling" <hpvs(at)southwind.net>
Subject: Re: Wheels covers -- added thought
Date: Aug 15, 2005
To all the folks with the wheel cover info -- when you do the folded tape around the clips & openings, cut yourself some bias strips (+ or - 45 degree or order the bias tape) and sew a line of stitching down the center (where you want it to fold) -- this can make the process a bit easier (also, remember that when you get done, the wheel covers will be on opposite sides of the airplane, so you can have one be better than the other!! ;-) Mike C. a once & future(?) "seamster" Pretty Prairie, KS ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg(at)earthlink.net>
Subject: shaving tires
Date: Aug 15, 2005
How would one shave off the tread of a tire? I know it's done in WW1 repro circles all the time, I've just never heard exactly how. I think i heard of a angle grinder being used? Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: shaving tires
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
It might be easier to look for a treadles tire.Somebody may sell them.It seems a shame to waist all that rubber just for a look. ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Douwe Blumberg Subject: Pietenpol-List: shaving tires How would one shave off the tread of a tire? I know it's done in WW1 repro circles all the time, I've just never heard exactly how. I think i heard of a angle grinder being used? Douwe ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: shaving tires
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: "Egan, John" <jegan(at)kcc.com>
I have heard that this is accomplished with the use of a tire lathe. I don't know what kind of tire facility has a tire lathe. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Douwe Blumberg Sent: Monday, August 15, 2005 8:10 AM To: pietenpolgroup Subject: Pietenpol-List: shaving tires =09 =09 How would one shave off the tread of a tire=3F I know it's done in WW1 repro circles all the time, I've just never heard exactly how. I think i heard of a angle grinder being used=3F Douwe This e-mail is intended for the use of the addressee(s) only and may contain privileged, confidential, or proprietary information that is exempt from disclosure under law. If you have received this message in error, please inform us promptly by reply e-mail, then delete the e-mail and destroy any printed copy. Thank you. ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Tuu2Tango(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 15, 2005
Subject: Re: shaving tires
Tire shaving can be done at some tire facilities who cater to drag racers and oval track racers. Here is a list of vendors across the United States who can shave tires... _www.performancemarket.com/tireeq.htm_ (http://www.performancemarket.com/tireeq.htm) ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: barnstmr(at)aol.com
jcox(at)extremecomposites.com, kmartin(at)ydc.org, nat(at)basdensteel.com
Subject: Fwd: New Boeing 888 pictures
pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com, dicks(at)usd266.com, martyinthecountry(at)yahoo.com -----Original Message----- From: Terry Bowden <tbowden(at)ramaircraft.com> Subject: FW: New Boeing 888 pictures [Original message attached...] Subject: FW: New Boeing 888 pictures From: "Terry Bowden" <tbowden(at)ramaircraft.com> I want to work on this program! -----Original Message----- From: Robert Toliver Subject: FW: New Boeing 888 pictures ________________________________ From: Addison Pemberton [mailto:apemberton(at)scanivalve.com] Subject: RE: New Boeing 888 pictures Pete I love it very funny. Addison -----Original Message----- From: Peter Pavey [mailto:peterpavey(at)blueyonder.co.uk] Sent: Saturday, August 13, 2005 7:26 AM To: Addison Pemberton Subject: Fw: New Boeing 888 Subject: New Boeing 888 Boeing have just announced the replacement for the 727.... http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"/> I want to work on this program! -----Original Message----- From: Robert Toliver Subject: FW: New Boeing 888 pictures From:=20Addison Pemberton [mailto:apemberton(at)scanivalve.com] Subject: RE: New Boeing 888 pictures Pete I=20love it very funny. Addison

-----Original Message----- From: Peter Pavey [mailto:peterpavey(at)blueyonder.co.uk] 2005 7:26 AM Subject: Fw: New Boeing 888 Subject: New Boeing 888 Boeing have just announced the replacement for the 727.... /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAUDBAQEAwUEBAQFBQUGBwwIBwcHBw8LCwkMEQ8S EhEPERETFhwXExQaFRERGCEYGh0dHx8fExciJCIeJBweHx7/2wBDAQUFBQcGBw4ICA4eFBEU Hh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh4eHh7/wAAR CAFAAd8DASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAA AgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkK FhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWG h4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl 5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEAAwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREA AgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSExBhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYk NOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOE hYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk 5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD0YY2DrQMf7VAHy0VdxWF4/wBqjj/apKKL hYXj/ao4/wBqkoouFgGB/epeP9qiigLBx/tUcf7VIaWgLBx/tUcf7VFFFwsHHvRx/tUUlFws Lx/tUce9JRRcLDkxnvWHfgC77/eNbi9c1i6uMXGenzVUXqTJaEEU4g8bwLk4utNC/Uo7H+Vd E2PeuauUC+JtAuyON8sOfrG2P1NdKQRwaqYobDeP9ql49TSYoxWdy7C8Z70ce9NoouIdx70c e9IKUUXGHHvR06E/jRnmkNFwFz6k/hRx/tU2lzRcQvHqaOPU0mKMUXAXj3/Kjj3ooouAHHvR x70h60A0XAXj3o496DQOlFwDj3o496TNJRcB3HvScf7VJSii4Bx70ce9FJRcBePejj3pKKLg Lx70cf7VJS0gDj/ao4x/FR+NBpgHHvRgerUlJSAU496OPekooAXj/ao4/wBqkooEHH+1Sce9 BpKAFyPenR4J5zTKdH9/FACr92igdKKCwHWjvRRQAUUtJQAtJRRQAUtJRQAUtJS0AJRS0lAB S9qSloAVexrA8U+YsExiAZuMD8K3x2rA8WuyQSMoI+YZ9/lqqavImexFrsiQ6Ja3jOFNtfRv +BODXTOQx3DoeRXBys914E1xn3bzcB1JOcYaMfyBrstIk87R7GXOfMto3P4qDWtaHKjOlK5Y oPSjAorA2EopaKBWEFLRRQAUlLQaBiGgYoxRigQtJ2ooxQIM0ZNFGKACkpcUYoAKKMUCkMDQ BmlozRcLAFHejFGaM0XCwYoxxRmkJNFwsGDRikoouFhe1IaKT1pgLQaSigQZoopDQAveim5N FADqQ0lFAMKKDRk0CA9KdH978Kb2pY+tAxe340vSkHSigoWikpaAA0UUUAFFFBoHYKKKKAsL SUUUBYKWkNFAhaKSloGxQaxfExjELmVC68HAPtW0KzNahSZSsgJUjJpwlaREldGfaWsVx4eu beKPYs0DNjOecE1f8GS+b4T045yY4fKP1Xj/AAqvod1ape21o8qKZfkRS3JBGMCoPADlLbUt PYYa1vpFx6ZP/wBat5p8jMaduY6PvmkzSmkrlOgWigUmaLgLRSZoouAZpQabS0XAWkz2ozSU wFFFJRSuFhaM0Y6UEUXCwpPFJ2pKXmi4WAUUlFAC5pKKKACiiigQUUUUBcKM0UhFNhcM0E/h Se1LQIQn2pCeaKO9MB1IRRmjNAAKDSUGiwBQKTNFAC0UmaUGkwAmlT7wpp680qY30AA+7RQO mPeg9KRQtLTaUcUALSjpTc0Z5pjHGgUlGcUguLQKSigLijvRSUZoGKelApM0ooFcKKQnFKaA YtUdXBLLzxtP9aurVXVOkfHXIz27U4fEJ7HHaDj/AISfSSeRFEePwc/1FbPhIEeKfE8LZG65 Eqg+7v8A0IrH8OKT4hVu8aPj9B/jW6n+g/EKUj7t7ZLIOe+wf1BrurSvp5HFRjy3fmb5602n P1NNrgO0KWgUUAFBoooAKSiigAopaSgApRSUtAhKKKKBhRRRQAUUUUCsFFFFAWCjNFIRxQIO c0opKKAFNJSGl70AIaTHFKetGaAEHSl7UlFABRRSZoAWg0maOtABRRRQAUUUUAFKn3qShfvY pgKPu0Ufw0gpFC0UUUAFFFFACilptLQAUtNpcYoADSikzRmgdxaM0hooEL1paQUUAKKzfENu sjWN0Jp42t3f5Extl3LjnjPHtWiKq6v5xithEqkCYeZk4wu1uR684qoOzFJXRzej28kGqSSu hXMZ5Pc7ia0/EpVfEXhm4Ax5paE/gy//ABdQcrc9e9M8aMyW+h3v8Ntd8n64P/stdHNdmCVl Y6g9B9KbUk2PMYjoTkfjzUZrlZ0IM4ooz60ZoAKDRRQAdqBRmjNABRRSE/hQAoooIw2D6UtA CUUuD6UjFVHzED6mmk3sJtJXYUVE1xar1uYR/wADFLFc2Unmf6farsXdhpQN3sPU1oqFR/ZZ n7en/MiSkJ5pqTQP9yaJvowp68jiocJLdFxnGWzDtmgUZpO5qR3FNJmikzQAtFJmg0CFNNoo zigYUZFGaM/jQAcUGkooEL2pKKKACiik70ALRSUZoAWiikoAWhPv0gpU+/QAD7v40UD7v40U FBmlzSUCgBc0UlFAC5pc02jNAC0tIKKAAUUd6O9AC0tNpc0ALRSZpaACqWuXC2tpE7RySb5l QBFyec8/SrtQ33MHvkUAYcx23I+tWPEtv9r8FXWBloZIpAfT5sH+dVbw4nrRZw3hzUozjLWb kf8AAVLfzUV0pbGHct6VM1xpVrM+dxiUHPcgYP6g1ZPSsrwfcC68OWkm5SymRG29iHbitRzt B+lYzi1Jm0WuVAKKasi7CcnBA7d+KZNKQD5a89iSMUlCT2E5xW7Jc5ozT49RtltUQ6dbPKBh 5JJZPmP0UjFUZLpR/GfyxmtI4epLoZPEQXUt4/Ae9GVHJdfzrOa4TJbbn3NRNeBem1R7DFbR wcmZSxkVsahlTOBk/SkMq9wTjtWJLqMa/elUfU1D/aUTfdfP0BraOBuYSx9jd+0AAA7TwByM 9BVC91m1sEYS3EszZzztyPbgDiuV1vxCYwY4GAHdiDzXI3d/LMxwc5716uGyaMvemeHjuIfZ e7Dc7TU/GU/SDMa89gTXP3niK8mY5mck1gnJ5PWgV7dLA0aa0ifLV84xNZ3cjTOr3JP3mpU1 WcMfmas0CnxozPtUEk9hW7pwS1SOFYmu3pJmvFrM6HO9hWxp/ii5QgCZsehArm47C5f7sDH8 asx6HqsnMdjKf8+9cVapgtpSj+B6mH/tVe9CEn8md7pviWKUhbgEk/xKBW9bzxTpvibcMZ96 8nGm6tbHLWsigetaemarNbOu7KlSAcivIr5dhq+tCaufQ4TOcXRdsVTaXdpnpNIRWTpOsw3S BZGCuR1A61rE14FfDzoStNH1GHxNPER5oMSilFNPWsToFpCaM0UDCiiigAoo9aKAsFBoooCw lHSg0CgLBQRmlpDQIKAKKDQIWhfvU0k0qfeoAB938aWkHT8aDQULR600HinUAFFFJQAo5oB5 pKKBsWiiigQq0ZpBRQAuaKSjpQAp6UUZpM0AOHU1FecwNj0p7MFUsegqhPfDOEyB9K1pUZVH oZVa0aa1KVzazyPuWPA/Kj/S4l8vy1ZWUqw3cEHqDT3uSx65/GoXnOecge9ejTw9tzzamJb2 KcUF1aFo9P8AtFqhO4oswaPPrgrjNTpca2sm5pbduOrRgH9Dj9KJLlM4Dg+tRm4J6B/yroVF dUYuu7WuTNc6ywO65tQfXyyf61E76k2N2oqMf3YR/U1G00nYce5pjSSnoyD8zWipLsZSqN9R XjuX/wBZqM/0AUfyFM+zsGBa9u29vOYfyoDMOrnPsBTWOV6k/jVqKRk5E7GNfvPIxx/FIx/m aYfKc8xxn9TUO1QeFGacdu7aCSM846n2p7C30LlrbQiAzybIVXts5IrmvEOsE7o42KoMjg9a 0PEt+iIFhhaFWUYU+nrmuGu5mkkPOeTXdgqHN78jyc1xvsl7OG4k0zyuSzH6GmUzr1FKAe1e ul0PlZNyd2SinICeFBz7UkKNJIsaAszEAD3r1bwJ4HsbLSv+Ei8TSrDYIcYGSzt/dUdzgGuD MMypYOF5avsenlOT1sxqcsdF1ZzPhHwJrGvSjZayxwj78hj4X6ntXcz6J8PvCFsJdV1WDU7h Bua3tyu0EdmfJH868/8Ai98cksI5/D2hQNaWzKCtnEVx16yP1J46ZI4FfOfiLxRr2tTH+0NQ kaInKxJhVA9OBz+NfF4nH4nGSvKVkfpOCyfCZfH3Y3ffqfVuq/HTwNowMOmeHtAjZeAZJFmb /wBB4rmJ/wBpL5/9HhsYl9I7JBx/3zXzBcJsLcgYx+ooT7m4k9MVxeyXVno+17I+r9M/aL0u eVUv7PRJ1P3lmtkGfxwK6WDxr8OPFW0SaRa2MjjDT2Nwpxnv5ZA/IGviqJSx+btxU9pfXeny 77Sd4Xz1U8fl0o9lJawYnOMlaSufbN34KQwLe+FdWi1iIj/UwriZB6mPJI5qLS9QdWFtdhkk z0bqPwNfPfw6+LuraNdQm7uZVdeFljwD2r6R0LXNF+IdmqylbbX5G2wXm0JFJxna4HRuvIHO RXRHHzt7Ovqu5yPAU0/aUdGWcgjIoqnb/abO+m02+UpPbkxuD0JBxxVyiaS22NINta7hRSUt QWHaikpaACgdaKSgBaKSloAKb3pTSUALmkNFFABRRQaAClT7wpppY/vUAOCnb+NBWvIH+KHi /T1Laj4Tv4I1GGa4tmHp/sLV+y+NOiuoF7ZvC/fIKjP4bqqy7iPT9tLg1xFr8UdAuT+7ltAP 9q62n/x5RWlb+PPDUjANexqScYWVH/8AQWNPkYXOkINH171Vs9X0m6j82C7G092Vh/MVKdQ0 wnH9pWZPp56/40uRjUkTUUQtFN/qZEl/3GB/lT2jIPzAg+4pcrHdDKTNOKmk2HqRxSFYKSjG TS9KAExS0UUAJn0pHkjjwWbAPT1NKOtZeozKWLD52Awp9PU/U+taU4c8rGdSfJG5DfXjyuVG 0KDVJpGJ+9THJzznPvTe/Ir2qcVBWR4tSUpu7FPPDMx/E0ihR0UD8KUnimE8VpczsOL4PX9a Zu/zik564pPwpqRDixSfc03dSjOQKRqOYLCMaQHPNGKCDnFLn1HyDoVMsyR5xuYCtS2aPzCQ NsES53N1HbP/AHzz9TVCzeONy0memBgZ60ms36G0kihVlDnBJ4yKzbc5WRorQjzM5HxHfSXV zLO+Azc4HRfasTA6j65rQ1PO5jxWd1HB6c19JQSjFJHw+Ok51W2IOeKUAYxSZ5AIrV8Lae2o 6vDAF3At0xnNXXrRo05VJbI5sLhpYitGlHds7/4Q+Eopll17Vg6WFoonmYEEhBk8DuTivOP2 gvixcahqr6Po7rEYSsccIBKwRbeMc4LE4P416b8dPEdr4N8EWnh6wnVLkwg3AEmzzJ2UbEP+ 6eT9SeK+WNS8P3UitqDXrXl7Id8nqT/snOT2r85xGJeJrOpUP2DB4OOCw6pUzAn028tds0sJ VGPUkZP17kmtK+020k01biDdkIGJLZ4xz+VTW14blHs7yLa2OWPGff602yK2E7WsytJHKfkY ngev51m5Nm3KluROy3WlMQgLbAOAOo4NVgUXSwdg2lcAke9akM621+IWKKF6NnoDzV2w+y3l 9uuUjuIiADtAwffik5NFKKZRit7O28PSRy7lmlO5mU8qMjaMY71l2uj3L2Et7LGVT/ljgjLn 6en610mpaY93Jvs0L2sbhpFLYJXPr6fy69Kr6zfTXNx9ns7ZY9o2pFE2Vtl6fn7+1EZkyhY5 KQ7cgfe6Gux+G/iy40PUIlkkXyC3zE5OOOvXpmsqTQlCFluhLN1buue4znrWL5gRtwGcdjWr SqKxCbg7n3R4c1aDxz4YgV5EXVtNgDWDBceeoHMbHuRt45HU+2EsZ/PtxIylX6OpIOCOo4rw T4B+Mbiy1GGLzcPbvE0ZMnXnj+XNfROvRRtqMGvW0Sw2WsJuWNAAscy8MPTJIJ/GuenJwfIz ScVJcyK5o5o6CkrpMRTR2pKKAFJpMmjNGaACjNJmg0AKfrRSCigBaQ0maM0ALmikzzQTQAGn Rff/AApmTTo8bulAE6zOEA3vj/ezWdqWi6JqgP2/SbG4J53Pbru/PFWQ3y/jQGosUcvN8MvA c2TL4fTJ/u3Mq/oGxWXqPwb8HzqfsZ1HT2PTZPvUfg3+Nd7upQ/agDx+7+C+q2zhtF8V7QO0 0TRkfUpn+VCeA/ijZpmLxDpl3t6I8xcn8HSvYgxHQkUofijUVkeA6ha/FDSW33mjzTIpyzw2 6OOPeMUlp8VNb0siC8sZ43B5HnPGw/BiR+lfQIk7Z4pyysfl3Eg9Rng01Oa6hyxZ4rD8YEZP nutQhb+61vDIPzO2tTTPitFMQZZ7cDPWWFk/9A3CvQNc0Dwte27z6xo+nSIvLSPCAfzGDXnk vgj4X6rqkdpazanatIWGYZiqLgZ/5aI2KHiVF2lYn2a6HXab43srwARRW9zwP+Pa6Qsf+AsQ auTeLNOh/wCPqz1C395YgF/POK4jWPgpokVsjaZ4iurZ3kEafakV1LHgA7Md/auYuvhX4/0q ctpc1pqGOA8Fx5Lfk+3+dUqsXvH7hcj7ns9pr+i3R/dahFnuG+XFX0mgkUNHPEwPTDZrwi6h +LmiwtJf6PdXVuOWDIl0oH1Usa6T4W/F/QNHsb+x8U6VBp128gIdLVwX46EHkEHP50pzp20Q RjK+rPUp5FiiLlhkjjBzWPcMu47S31ryq7+J9vP4i1DUoI1gikCrAoRiAQ6jDD0KbicY5rds /H3h+4gWSW7WF+64J5/KuuhGK1RzV5N6HUOGZi3qabgjrWB/wm3hgj/kKxg/7rf4UDxp4bLb V1NGPtGx/pXapHA4G/jimkc1hL4x8PE8XzH2EEn/AMTUy+J9IcZjkuGz6Wsp/wDZafMxctzW 6igCsxfEGmnhTdn/ALc5v/iakTVrZvuQ3p74NpKP5rTUiXBovYpMVVN/8pKWd03/AADH86il 1C6XGzS7h89cui4/8ep8xPKy/wAUh+lYs2pakXxHpyqP9udf6Uol1OXnFtH7HcalyNIwZs9a q6ggMZYnAqmhu1/1lzbj2ETf/FVW1G42gKzjJ9uKcG+ZWFVguR3Mu+XKEjB96zhgAgEe9XJL lWGxTknp8pqo+UJyMZOOlfQUJ3ifF46lad0RkEk16r8BtOtzqqX12gaGEvM/0VC38wK8qWRe le0/D5Ps3w3169A2bIkjB/3nUfyry+Ia7jQUF1Z6vCWGVTFym1svzPDf2gLl/FPiqVhME8ua WbDcqS5zjj0Ax+NeaMdZ0uJIw3mwDov3lH0PUVr+KYfEM3ivVruBJ2ikunKYdSNobA4zx0rP 8zxBG257Evj/AGDn9DXx62sfos99iO4u9J1RSk6PBcMu0SN6+nHB/Gqv2e5Dx2d6QsUzBYZx 91fc46dqmvZL24Xy7vRGYnuqkHFVbsx2lmtvAlxGZ+JYpT93HQrjtg1pFXMmBmtInXeTPMgK s8fKtzwOcfyp1jdWUMseRPGqgqCMd/Xmuw+BHw9PxG8dweH/ALYbS1W3e6up1ClkhQqDtB7k so79a6uTwT8JPFl/NoPgHVvFVlrVwu7RH1tUNpqrDPyIQisjE5AY4UFSCMkChuN7CTe559b3 l5Goso5Vaab53K9MDt+GKiu3gsWa3spZZTcfNLEigs7jrz1AOemeKyNPmRbKWCWRoljI5K8g ZwV/Or9nNCYfs1lA0pdgC+w5z0yT17np61HLys0vdFW4F/OWjkdLaIciMZ4P9ao3enJFAZFY ttxuHbritOU6pHI0a2cUO3g+v6mq7WWqyxtmPAI6b1FXF2MnFsm8FXz2Wu2bqxH71UbHcZr7 H8NXE2ufDK4tFfMtg4voSf4cEq3/AKED+FfE+nRzW+obZV2vHIpI9wa+1f2bZRcwS2zj5Z7K SNh9eaxr2Uk0aUezLSuHRWXowyPpS1R0KQyaTbk9QNh/Dj+lXj0roi7oyluFBpM0ZqiRKKKD QAUGkJooAXNGaSigAo70UmRQAtFJmkNADjSx53CmE0sZ+egDS/secDAdSfpTG0q8HGxmPoBX BL4w+IFjt+0CG62nlZrPAYd/ubcVdt/ifrcbk3XhuxYAdElkUj881q8NVWxKrUjq3sbtTgwO foKjNtcKeYJP++TWVZfFaxmUNc6Bdwf9c5Q36ECpb74maMbGYwaZqsk5XZFH5UXzyOQiqDv6 7mHUYrOdOpBXkiozpy2ZcLopw0iAjsWANIJoi20Spn/erKjs/GVxo630za3ZIASwnsbJwPqc D0rLhfXhcJt1LTbkHtNZYx/37YCnDlnswleO51Q5HBBp4wMFjtHqazQNbW2JTTtFlcocMXmi CnHU43VQgfx/b24nfwzp97Fn/W2txKAcdeKuNK/Ulz5ehx/xC103erSWmn3JuYzGFKQXWU+X OchTgZJxk8jbXLwSm2eNyXaVGXcwyWUev5npXuHhC2uNelu/7Y8MRafDEAH37XMhOeApTpjO ST17d60b3wJ4ZunJk0uAE9/LAP6c15eJwl6l7mtOXMtjwnUvEWpSLHHJeXTwxSs6SB2YRkMT k47+9bukePdWs5YrZ5VuI0mZpCAGaXJYnkntkflXpcnwz8LurI1nDtcYKmWVQ35MKa3wz0D9 2sVnEgT7u2eT8epPrWCw1RO6kVZ9jk/CXjx73VhDesiQmEkOrACMgs24/wDAcL74rr9QtNH1 SONtQstPvo5BuT7RCkm4H0DA5rOvfhVYz8x3NwjeWIgRIhwgOcD5Pfvk1W1D4b6jJLbvDrV0 i26IkSNErBQgwvTB6V0QlWho9RW8irqXh/wTBelNN0bRoLyMHz1gt41ZV44IAwvboAawTpui +acabYA+1sg/pW9b+Bdesr+6vvtsM0k8TR/MjLg5GD1PQCsqfwd45LEC80hMkkcSZ/8AQK9H DVfd95WOWtBvZFZtP0kY/wCJbZ8f9O6f4U6O1sEwYrG3j91hUf0pLjwj44jUkX1tKccrFtH/ AKEorE1Hw94wVSs1ncye4nQD8hiur2yWxj7PudCsuMBUUfiBSiWTP3sfjWVoNlf2di5vLWaO WSRnIbLEDgDOfoatmcJncHH/AAE1tGaauZSiyyZJP+eh/M0AsRyxqoLqP/b/ACq0MiAysGXA yFKnJ/KrUk9CZRaRVm1C0hJSW5w4+8vpVWXXrBD8vnSEeiGqesQRXrJcRth8BWXfjj9ar2lj p/P2iZTzj5pdi/n1rObmpWQU0rXLjeIoAu1YJCT6gCmJrlw3zR6ZMT6Bs/yFa2jaXo4HmRzW kh67YpA5H4k5o1nxJ4U0mZIvMF5OesduS59PXb196w9rZ26nQqLauUoLjWbmRRHpyR5/vOT/ AEqHV9Ohgg+3eIL7auQFthGeTjAwp57dTU+o+LdfkQR6FozWsRUOZZ7dmYIVDBgFXbjByDk5 yPWuB8XN4i1W9DOl7eSk/vnEPlgoOAgAAA6g59q3pVVfUyq4duNtzoZo53v3i0y7Sa0iOEki jVFmGezZOO/SsaUzfanEkrybXIDM2c81Vg03xP8A8I3f2Vpp16JFCmHA24UMpOMn6/nWZb+F vHU7FhpdyD1+aZB/Nq9OlmFOL1PExOTVKq0lqdBvZTxk+le++BZBP8HfEMfBKyQ556fOBXzl H4B8fSgZsSCRnDXkY4/76r3/AOE6XX9ia/4ZuojHcS22/ZkEbl2OeR1715mdYuNdQcel/wBD 0uH8vlgpT5utj5k1rxJPFrl/BHp6OYrmRNxkJ3YYjOMVT/tfW5VZbezZN3IJjY4/E10PjmWx 0TxJexyR7ZWmMu1EySGJOf51y9zrd7dThLGIpnjkBm/LoK8RLyPo5vXVhc/2m2Jr/W1tBjkK ecfnWZqSboRcRS3U8aHb5kyn5s8fKfQYzj3rTk06CyH2rWXM0vRY1Oc/ypinNrJd365EyNDZ WyOVGWBAJx6cdc1pF2MpK5ofC3xvq/gLxZa+ItGaMzRZSaGU/u7iI/ejbHOD2I6EA9sV6Bd/ FzQL/VPBGm23hRfCnhrQNZF/IsN217NHuYl/LYqpVMknYvU89QBXk97oN1bXV5FGY2WyiSac qxKxKwHUkAnk+lRnSbzdcifaGtkDyxKcuARkY7HjnrVPlZKUloT2ki3uo6lqTPHbNczPIqSH K5aQttHIzjIq5ZrqAuo/shU3PmAx+UxBJz2HrVbUIbeGAJEgns5VDZGMqT6/iB75pFtDLCrW F5HCyJkRyucv/unB59jj61DdyldIn1a81dLyU39kzyt95yp5/SoYtbEeFktWGOOH/wDrVCmp yrJi9RvMXjK//XrRiFpex7gEkAHQjmk7LdDWpkedHd6urxKyFiuQfXNfZn7M0QjuYXJwqQuf pxXyZo2lRSeIraOCPaAUZxk+tfXnwrdNB8E6zrMg2iGycIf9okKP5ms6tnaxUE7u5meFCG0V GXG0s5GPTca1Cao+GdJv9P0qK1nLTMCWG2PAUHnb17HPNa6WF0zZEbAYGAcCumGxhJ3k7FXr S5AHJxV5dJvm6RIPcuf8KG0G8kQpK1uFJBOWPY5H61V0t2Kz7GLqGqWGnz28N7dR28lw+yJX OCxyBx+JAq2HRnKK6swAJAOSM9Kvy+FoLiVZbiS0llGNhaINt7jqOOe9YfijUY/DdzHBeWN/ MJVystpChjOOozuByPTFEEpuyYpuUFdov7G67Tj6Uh6dMfWsC08SxXU5T/hH9fePHVAhJPpg sAPrmtNpZJYVlttCkRGH3ru/WPHpkLu6/WtZU1HRkRm5bFsEE4DLn604xS5GEJ9eD/hWINT1 i3vvKtINGjCsN+2SeYnpkAkKOncZ/Suvi1exdA3kTA7clQucn0BJ5qJrl6Fx97qZgt5z92KQ /wDADTlsrpz/AMe0mPyqi/xN8NxOUbT9ZLqcbRbRg59OXFRzfFXSCn+h6NqMp7+cyR4P4Fqp UqrV1ETnSW7NmPSrlsfuWGfU+/0qT+yJc/eCn3H/ANeuOu/ifqkmRZ6DZR4PBlmZz+IGKojx b47vHzamK3X+7BaAj/x7dVfV63WyI9tS6anoQ0ZjgNMBjqQtWINCjLcPK3HUCvOJde+IAAeb WVtlHd4oIwPqdorB1TXtRmlY6n46iLZ5WK8ZufTEYOKf1dr4ppB7eL2izm4/hB4/tY42sPGF nDJgbkM0yhfT5lRs/kKkn8L/ABz0aMSWPiOPUP4dkN2rfpIq5/IV6xd6rKMpbRpsHBdjjP04 qj9ru3YAGPLHAAySf5VvRwdSSvJ2OarjYRdo6niGseMPi/oqFtZtZkiUfNJPpkRUf8CCV2eh 6Xq2taLp2teMNWjsQGivrOKxgVJs4JBfIA75AGcd8YFdbrmrnTkZXkUzgdMfd/nXDX9/NeTN JI55Oa9XCZP7XWb0PDzDiBYdcsF7xualqGlC4EqJd3dyo2i5uJ2L49gpwPwpp8U3wwIyqgDj Eag/yrnBT1Fe7Ry7DUlaMUfJYnO8ZWd3No6eHxnrCBQbuUhTwCAcZroPDvxJ1GwlOXV0cgur Rrg4/l+FeeoKkC1VTLsPUVnBGNHPMbRleM2dr4smm8V63PrcF9dwSNGipBC7AxqoGQvPOTuY 9+awdK1zUQdth42nznG1ruTg+45qhbTyW7hkP51H4s8P2XjK181phBrEMRWC4JwrAchZBjkd R6jPXtXjYzKpU481JXXY+qyviKGJlyV3ZnZw67482KLXxTFPj+8Y2/8AQkNJca98SgcjUw4/ 2bSAj9I6+dNU8O+KdGtpLy/0O5htopfJe5SNvKD/AO+Dt+h6Gqdlr19AB5d9fQgj+CY18+6s b2cT6xQe8ZH0c3jP4g275ka1nUdRJaBc/lirUPxN8SQBftWjabLjrgyJn8ia8Fs/HviC2x9n 1+4BHQSDNblp8VPGUaD/AEuwu1AxiaHOR+dLnoveA1GqtpHttv8AFqTOLnw2g4/5Y3TD+amt CL4t6P1m0nVEI4/dyI/88V4gvxX1lyFuvD2hzt6iN1J/JhVlPiLaSOEv/C9smCd32a5x+WSa V8M+g7111PaT8XPDgGWsdaB/694Dj8fMp8PxU8Lz5MialD7y2ob/ANAY15FbeMvh9Mf9PsNY tD6oyOB+laEWs/CudP3fiW6gz/DcWTsR+Kqabp4Vk+0xB63B4+8FzD5tWiiJ7SwyJ/7LV6Dx F4Ou8eXrWkv7G42n/wAerxo/8IPeNus/FtmTjADK6f8AoSikTw3Z3BDWmsWFxk5GLpBn8zQs PQe0h+3qr7J7cU8OXYykmmS+63CH+tcX4rguWVrvRdNa3sY/ke42HfI4POOuF5H61leBPAEl z4htzfMBYJmSZ45UbIXHGRn1r0e3+Nfhm18M3GnawrWOpQBoJbe4iaRdwAzygwevrXHVqxw1 VJSudVOLr07uJ5AJf9NgM9vCXkyHDoGLEdHzjv0I9s03WLFDJ+7ghC53fcH5A9qyb/x3peoa zb2IhjbJbyplVkOQD6+uK6K51KKXRDHbSgO6B+VydwGRz75I4x1r0frSqRTRwOhySaNHRNd8 GeGNDluNV8Lrqly7f6My3LIxbGcMvA2jjJ5Oax4fEHh+eGYzWMVndIn7iRRgHjuq8Z5/lXIa kBqDpK58uWFNsa7sBjzn+VZUssplOBHEoH3Vzg1xOF5NnVF2ikaGvarrmpOjNfbwuVIOBgfw 8e38sVDo51OO4MUlwssbLgoOSGHQjjnoePeq0c69DIuP93vVvTL2GC8jmuEMiqfurxmtNUid GzZ0y98ht6NjJ5HY8YrTtLl33SIGKBsdPu/WsGc2zXG60ZvLcbtrdUPpU1s7q4dH2n1BovdA lbY7yK7h/suDj98S3XrtBPUU7w5rp0P4j6TqkwJtpFMMoA9Awb/x1h+Vctb3Tl90js7HqSas 34a7094onCyjDRk9mBz+uMfia5qkNDaE2mV/2iPBVsPE66l5ZNqJXIKk/NHIwMf8/wBa8i1f UrDSYzY2kSmQfwg/d9ya+otLlg+JPw1k0y4RDqWkWjQSxA4MkG3B5PdcEcV82ap4FbQdemt7 l5Z4Y3JtjJjMinBy3uOh6cjPSsE+rOtpuN4nMWVpNcML/U5P3YHAIx09vSrmjganqzX0hzBY fNGAMcjp/KmeIr1727XTbFQ+SA2O7eg9quazHHovh5bdDiWVdjepYj5vwrRsxsZ0lzNcaPrG oSfNJePjeRzgY/8ArUyS5a3vLTUM/fjEUhPPGP8A9VSyo9v4MEZUjfycj1aq1zG8nhuIhT8v zD9RQtgdxrFdOvxGoCwSg9Rnaxzn8KS8tpLORrqywI2AMi5yPr9KtxQNqmk/KMydB/vCjw/c CQNZXBAePhQf4h3FMXkMtHt7+Moy5wOUbr9RUEmkS/aALNsnoATyKNVsjZTm6tdyxZyfVP8A 61dV4O0661AB5YChY447j1/GlKTWqBRvoze+FWgTS6l58pVyWjVTnnjjP48n8q+gvH1zpOge D/D2h6gs7C7uxeXccIBdoFD4Xlh1Yjv2NUfhJ4ZtbCzm1vUQYtP06Fbi4kJGNqgscfXH1rzb x78RfD2reMNQ1LWluvtMmzybWFDtii2LszweSu0/jUUoqc1zDm3GLsenv8V/Dzfcs9YZj2Mc a/hw5qjefFSBRm28PzOOzS3WPpkAV43ffEPSI/ms9Ckm+XrM+B+pFZz/ABS1DO200rTLb0LI zn9P8a9NLCpaI8++IfU9kl+J+sz5FrodhBzgbmdz/MVVm8Z+PLjH2Z7aDjB2WgI/8fzXjs3x H8SzLtMsKAnP7uMoB+bH+VZ9vrHibXbo29vfSyS7S+xJVGADz6eopOth468pSp1nvI9yi8Tf ELbl9et4eO9rB/8AG6n0fxz4j0jWLe91fX4Lu1VttxA2wAoSM7RtAU8DkV5Lovw/1zVWSbUb sQwE5Zgd7n1HJxXYeH/h/oOkajDqDRXl/ND8yC7kQxq3ZgoHUfXFbU1OsvcgkjCdSFF+9Jtn 0zc6/pVmTuuxIynG1BuJ/pXBXN6kUOoQW8zW9ndSuxijVIiiEkhd6jeeD/eNctdX0tvbme4M ccfYcn8q4zXtfuLxzHGwCAkDHpXVhsiVWSbZwY7iBYaL7nRXuoaPp968sctxI3ZARsGPcnJ6 1BJ46u1O2FVQD/YBP61xG5mYlmyT1pyivpKWU4eC1Vz4zEcQ4ubfI+VeR0114nkvJHe7hhmZ 1CszQpnA6c1Na61ZMnlJEbQnA8yBI93/AI8DXMKKeq1vLLqElblOOGeYyDvzX9T0Wwh8Paki xzz6jMccmTUJIg3b/lmyivAdamuLOe4S/nneSGQo+9iTw3vXoFvLLC25D+tX76z0jxRDHb6x CDLG37udSRIntkdRk8ivnsxyF25qL26H1WVcUQqyUK6s+541pWmajqmofLvYPICBuIVQT3+l eoWtl/ZyxxySqhji8obz8uAR0PrkHjp+NWZNLTT0FutlFaJHIuwIo2zpv++cnnjqPTA461TW 5vDeObWWSzmk3NJIkm1zls+5x07j6V8ViJy5uWStY+4puMknHW53QfcB824HvnipjI9lBNcu iqVTALHG0n09+KZblftCtIQBnJ4+lUfFd4Gskt43yAxdmx1OOK+5hLnqKJ8hV/d0nM5S7ma+ vgJJginl3Y8KOeT/AJ71Hf2cFvHG8N8lyWODtjdQOMnBIGe350xFY2s+wfMvzuScfIGAA692 P6UXLOCLcjasPyYH97nJ/E5/SvoINbRZ8XW6ymtWRj9KmiUMeDx61p+G9Gu9TWWWCOLCKSWl zhR3IHc/U465rI1u4lt7K5NoW+1Z+Uwxg7SWCjAIxgsQOe3PWor42nQjKUugsPllbEyjGH2i /DblvpVlLYY6fpXJ6tr2uW/ibRtBgv44J55Yra5YW8bKWLKjOCV7sHbHoRVTxf4r11NRa60L VLQ2NxLIsNv5CGSJUbb82R/FgkcnrXnxz+i2vdf9fM9CpwjiknapH8f8juPs3PIxxkcdaBG9 u4kQ8j8K5O28X+JbzwDLI09qL+wvUjLG3jAELqx9Ou49TV2wv/Es93cW0Ot6ZdwPEvlXYjjU RSFk+VkK55LBehA3Hnim88o9YsmHCWKUk1Uivv8A8j0M6tfXHgfW7K3iN7NJps8Udq+WEjGN gFx/Fk/w984718tz2l3bfNc2V5AucbpomB/HIHNfRfg/UJXvYZJQ6ySBY3QxqPLk5GePXBz6 EHtWL8RrObTPEV6JNkdpcASpGgLEfKQ64IxncCfpXzWa1YaVqa0e59zlCq04ewrO7XU8Kjha aQRwfvXboig7j+FLEG3YBK+4NegWem2975ktzpBMgfCmNNrMeMjKkY4Nc8LSzs9a1e2SMRQx tKkasScEbgoycngAV5ka6lsewolO1in42zv+JrQjE8Lq0uJUHVTxmsZIrv8Adm3NwfPXERaP jd5iqcd2wCSa6OXwz4ghtWnd7KeOPhjDOfXHIcD+dRKSTs2Wmin9psWmC3Hm2iZxuVfMH48g 4+gNMJtHYhZoZAD14HHrhuaoajZapasTd2dxEvI3umFPuCMj9ao7ieScjtzWkddiWzeNrE43 Dj3Bx/KlhtWjO5J5Ae3PSsOO4libKSsPx4qaPVLpWyzq49xj+VPlYrnpHwy8Yap4S8Ri9dX1 Czkgkt5rZpSoZXHBycjKsFbp2I4zmk1u6F9ZvHK4RiuBIeSPz7Vw0GuInVHT3ABre0eVNTjM zsDAp+bd1PsKxlTu7s1U7KxHpOhSPOJ55zsDnaqjBb0Oe30rsIJp49qiSQDoME1n6ecnykYB NxIz1rVULjHeuimtDCcrsh37ZiZIlmjcjerDjI6H61Rv7WOXzJrQTxAtyrcgH0zxWhOARxx+ NZl3uBHfHqOv/wBeqbsJK6MwF4pWDbhnHBNWoX3DIIqjfuWnRFZVUqWBPc+lQQ3BHc+9WpXI asdPp9y0R3K6s3YEitC3mXaAOAOg64rlYrg8EHp7VegvGRl259xUSLR1EUvTFW4rhgMbse9Y VneLIvGc45FXEmzUtjsa+japf+H/ABBBrmkqxMbhrqJWwsiA5YkdwRkEV6V4n0PQfiX4XbWN B8lJ5lYzWdo4861YcbgRyAcZBxjnFeZ+HrpU1BVfA3jaCfU9KtQahqvg3XY9Y8NXRt2YFZIg F2Nk5OAfX06VzTi07o6KUmkefWPgOfw1qcsuoOJ2QYhkEZReeMkH7p9q43xbcjU/EMVjCCUi fyxjkFief5V9X6Zrngv4kxxWqxpo2suNhjuDiCQjnrklT7YxXDeMfgvb6VqbXSWLWdyHZxJH IzpKc9QG4/75qU9bmzSkrI8Y8ZJ9n0NYghH7xUHPsf8ACk0e2Fx4cjUgHdGw9e5rrvGHgXXr 2CKCGSz/AHcm8lywzwfQH1qvpXhTVbLT4raVI2dM7tjHHUn0HrTv7qJcHzaHF+C5sLNbN94/ OKh1+yls9VS6gU4mfcu1eA3p+Ndp4d+HOr22rJdyzW6xBmHlruOQfUn616FongSW9u4Yzbea 4YbFAJwe2OKHK0roShpZnnHhrQrrVEjlubV4w3JR4+p+npXtvw18CG4kWWVUtrOInzrqZdsc QA6sx4H510X/AAieh+CtNi1PxleR2kLcLaxHdcOeuAPwPJNcD4/+JN54liOheHYjpPh+Q8Wr Y3S4+bzHbk44HfHFZXux3NL4qeOrW5RdE8P25GhaOzm4ZWwmryKBtTAHIYrgZzjcT2r5/nsf EWuanPfX7LBNcOXkZ/kx7AdgBgAdgBXYXV4C6W6EeXEMfKfvHu34/wAj70QKk+SOCO/eodVw ehjJ82hh2vgqJiDc6k8g7gRnP5k0vibw9Y6fo0klqjiREDhmbJOOtbqGWOT58Ht6VH4jzc6F cqoLMIn4A5IIJrONao6ibeg4pWseVzMHk3biFPPWvWfgfoiPpt7qc8IBkmEShk+8qgHj2JPP 09q8y8PaTe6tera2kJyOWlkyFXtz+lfSGkafb6RpsFjbIVihXv1J6k/nmvfwlONWdnsjzcXW lThaO7LiumzYjYVONqkDbU1ujO6HypJEJ5AOMj61XVVLfIqpn0AGc+vrVnVLgWVlJ5MqlyoR QDkjPWva5too8Xl0cmcl4q1WS7uCgclRwADnv2rMTTJ3t3uBPaDYm9kFwpfHptznNKqXEt+X t4y8seNqjqWJwuPzBqKVZYICkm5JJmJkQ8HCnjP45/KvfpR5IqMdD43Ez9rOVSauQrnHPFTI uSMc1Po9o95fRwpE0xLDKKcFx6fT1PYZNWdSi+x6hJC1tDG0Z8vyonZg7ZwOW556/QZrapiI UruT0W5x08JVrW5Fu7IgiiJI4q0lscdM/hXH6r4k1TTvCttqEgt4Lm5cyw/LndEcBQQTwflZ j/vKPWrmu+JdXs9JsbvT4bWZorS3k1ANndvmG9QB2AAwfevNWfYZtaM9OfCeOaunH7/+AdL5 BzilMDx/MmVYdCKwfh74v1LW726srzTLNDHaPPG3zAs6kAKfQHOePSm6Z4m8QXMtldTaLBLp 87ukyWgaSWPBwSQSMYLIfTnHerlnWG7Mxjwrj9GnH73/AJHc2X2fV7F7C+hWR9hWF36xsRjc uelclPatb3txFdSKku4iVNpJB4IIB5II/wAateG9RumuwZJreYwzMHYIVMiZGGUZ6Y+YeoYV t/EW0hi+y6zCq75X8p8ucfdO0/kuK+Rz+nSxMfb0dz7rI1iMNH2GId+zNDz0EYBQkjnBNZmr 3cDRlPLCkjn9P/r0Wn9s3eGTR3Re7O59vasDXLm0tdUdJNSW4vXQf6Mp/dJzjBIPXHNd+Ha5 73KxcX7NqxdvZ0jkgtgE2xKJCe5ONx/WslSrOSxBzyabe/bXuzJETcWZiYmW3XdGCEK8nnnI x1rHi1W0U/Ne2wPvMv8AjX0WHqxS0Z8RjsNVk9vwOotLtYIF+RzJG4MaggIcEn5u5wSTjvx6 UlvKYlGAp+6cHP8ADnHfsT+eK5/+2bBV+a+tunaYGrUWt6ZtGb+1/wC/oraUKFVWnZnHGWMo tSp3TR0FjKLeExQKsKMACEABP1PU/jUqxwOfnQbOoG0Z/wA8VhprWkZ/5CFsP+BirQ13RQRu 1K3H/Aq3hChFWSRxVfrs5OT5r/M2oFWKPbCuwdeD3+nSoks7VCdsMak45296TSta0K4uEiGp wFm4Uc88/SnXusaASUXVLYc45yP6U2qNuhzqONerUvxLlm7S3KtKSzoR8/Q9fXvUHxVvIoNI sr+RnGy4ETBR1UqW/wDZBVY+I9Et9oTUbV3IA4kHJzim+OPsWteEbCRboeW94pkAbJUhHGCf Q5zmvls/jSVN2R9/wu66fLUb07nMtcQwWgZy0e/GQRkdfauFv5C2raw4+VXlb5wQMLk84PtX ZWMcdrYyQC7S68qTOWiHHIPJrnbKOKa+v5JYUfMcZ/1ef4FPofWvjMOkrn3S1MvRL2WCaOHS 7qdmB3eQQTG5YFTjjgkDBNdRomsecqsxt5JCD5kBfKDr0PRj+P4dKyvBGn213qt1bz28FyI7 HfHHLnaTvI4PY89e2elbGteGtLsd12ZbjT7MRrzG+YkfPJ5z1BAC+uMcmnWqU3Pke4kmtTfv L+0tNN/tC8eG1MEaOW8s5+btweSccAV5nd/2r4316SW3t0MqISASFwoP33JPJ9B+hohFz4ju ltohczRRSbBI+dsa/wALsPXAOB9cV6R4a0y10hXsrRPNMQDPKyhWkJAO4n6ngHoOM1lKSwi0 1Y0uZnmTaBeWV41lq6G0kUrvyQSoPQgg4P4Vq6t4T042qS6NqhlcHDxXKgbh6qRx+fPvXoln a2OqSX19e2sUqOxigZkB/dJ/EpPIyc4I9q4LxXp1/pV0qI7XVt5YZJgCWCnp5no3+13x7Vth sdGvLl2YTpKKucq+mzwTeXdlYR3bOR+lbFrcm4eCytFOxBhBnGT6k1SW/ZhtdQw9zUkV80WR FGiA9dqgZr0eVswvY722LJBbhyFYIFAHXjqfzzVsTBR1ri7LX32BLhskDarHtV5dYjbkSIf+ BUaoNzorm6jhUvNIiIASSW4GKpSXEE8W+N1dSMgiuP1m0bVbgCPVGgBQbY5nzC7jgdP9Wcdz kHrlc4qfR/LtdN8y6mKux+SNOp/XAHvU3GatwCsnmRn5gcj0NYlzI0cp3etTSX4J4Jx6E1Tu LmJ+HXP40RkDVy1FebMZq9DeBhw1c8JtikARuPU8GnRXPPAGf98CrdmQtDqYro+vI961LXVD wHINchbyXD/6u2nf/dy38qupHe9TZ3a/9sjUNFI7OC/UlSj4YHj1BrpbPWbO/tHtdUYrIeVk xwxxgfQ/pXlsc13GoIhnP1TFXba/nBG6GTHfkg1nOJpFnba7oE0cCXJUyLsDCeE/Ont6/wBO a0fBnjvxp4au7bT9Bv47tLqVIVsrkbldjwBgkDnPJ49zXFReIr6xYww3xKA8LuJU/wDATXUf DPN94jt9RuZVbddwbBgDau8Bgv16n121lyq12aLfQ6q/+NljFq13p3i7wbZW19aymG5W1DxM sg4IP3lP4VPH8WvhdIdz6NqiyDsLlMeuOVrpLP4LW3iTUPFus6/rX2WW51SeWFjErLjeWRyS cMu04GMdDz2rgfhj8LNK8Ta/LYX+oLpMRt3mMawqCGDKpUbjgH5s5A4rk9tql3Onk0bT2NDU fjh4JsCf7M8Llpv4ftkzEfiFC1Zufin8Stc8Ky6rYabZeH/DSkRSXltAUY5O0BcsWLZyMjgd 68s+Jnw5ufCd9fyXzCe3hdTFOmB5sRcDeQCdhYEgD0x6ivSvDht2+BXirRkjTybW2gu7eZBj PmSoSB3zkMe/3/eq5o9COXqeV6vqVtHem6u7uWaZ327p23sD68Dr/j2q5oU5ubATqrqkpJKs ckkEgA4x09uP5nz0+ZJqrh3Y7XPUk4HtXpWiWctvoVkNpO6BXOF7tz/WljJclNJGN29zJ1Wz eBmmXocn6CnaVM5w2eCMGl8QTTKgQg4OcADrUWkrJ5QCoxPXgVMfepK5mviNOf5hmm2sm1iC etS+Q5QnDED1GKYbaRfmAB45A6iue6tYo0tOIe/toyeDIK7n7TGgyCM9q8709vKvIJZGwqOC cjtXSS63Yb8IZZN3ACoa9zJ5KMJHBjI80kbpuITkMze1QXc1kIgJVJ+YHJ9qyU1Oeb5bfTLy U54+Qj+dQ60J0s4ptSuItGUvhRO+WkH6YA5yfp617VK0pXucFdWg7IY8kEWnyI23zGclQTwc bf6E1lTl2kG/AKqEwOgwMVWvZLv7LC8VplZQ3DNvYdO3GOhqrLdhLmVZGClXIIJx+lfRYeot 7nxOYUZvRI39HnW3kdmlMQK8sqktjBBC+hwTjPGcZpVud8rSKpjBUqu1vmUbdoOTnkDv61hr qMCjmaMfVxU9tqdlgFrqAdesq10Tp0qqanszz6dXFULOndNGrFDZSTM89pHcgkYWZdyoAMAA cDAAHvUs2n2FzM80lpCZHOWfbjNZ8ep6b31C0H/bZatxanppQf8AEys/+/6/41dPC4aC5YxR z4jF4+pLmlKRe0+xs7GV5rZSJcbVZcAdQe4PpVeXRtPkuxdPbIJAchumD7YqxaajpbcNqdiv 1uE/xq/qE+l258uTUbFHwPladAfyz9PzrT2FD+Vfccn1nHt7y/EqJDD5turW8YaMBQ6jDFR0 XPcDkCt3VLP+0vDQst3zIVKZAJ4P5dzWCmpaPCAz6pYsV6f6Qh/ka39A1GwvLdp7a7inZGwY lYE4IzuHtzXh5vRoqm+VWPsOHK+JlO1Vt+pxutamP7OK6lqmpak56JCFhjXt2AJ7dawbHS9F urg3P2a8jlBAIZwowORgKMev51WS8HmBfMZug6VoWN8hheCVc7iCGBwQRXzKlKOp940pGnZ+ FvDUl3KJrO4a1MhaPN3J0IyQVBx1Jrak8A+BYVkeTQZ7hlGdsd5KWYew3ismxle3mDpIVI64 NbNjfkffbryc1Mqs1swVOL3Q628C+BZGjDeDrqNHJBZ72bKckZYCXpxW1ZfDX4cygF/Dgz3/ ANNuB/7UqK2vRICihpCykBVq1b3zaXN5c1z5iBS8krklk56DA6cmsp4mt0kzaFCl/KjRt/hV 8NiMnwwn43dx/WStG2+Fvw0DBm8Kwde9zMf/AGeorXVI8pFG4KIOD1yBU1xrGFzu49ea55Yu svtv72brD0n9lfcbNn8NPhdGMnwjYk+7SH+bVFqfw1+GEiHb4TsQfZ5F/k1YB12bBKS8d/lJ q1bapJgzSu2RwM9z2/WoWNr/AM7+9j+qUf5V9xla18Ofh1b28sy+HUjEaMeLufjv/frlPF9v HfeHYLLSbf7BEGSQRtyXxDjuSRwwxzzXU+J9SDq9sXQEIEuR5gUojNgkZ74x+dcBd39vqM0t 3cXHlCRvlXYSoHQfhjpXNjcXUVOzk22JUacX7sUYtr4Wnu9U8q2vYkeYhGQ42MSQASc54P8A Kua0+G4s9R1W2vbfyp4n2SKBwhVQMH3wM4969J8Gi3bxLZ/6VHJGlwHbOcLtO44yOBjnvWr4 a+HfhrxxD4h1n+1dSt53uZw22RVCEyyEPhozkYwBg9AehxXLg8S7PnZqqfN8J5b4ftxY3tzr CNHaWaxgMZN3cK30A4J455rHurjVvG2pfZoGlttMt1DfMoAHP3m29WPQDkDg+td74h+GOsR+ FreBLuLULKKU7JYHV1jYEqGZV+bkZIPbK55xSRaSul2gg0aFQoADZYbz6nd3PrVTr04S5+pE qbT94j06w0zTNLjgtLdEjIy7k/OWxjcx/wA8e2K1DODGPLYglQTzhenByOfSs37BdMoFxPFE pcSAqpyduTg/XgVKLJo2k8uUbAcqoyvGK4pzT1bNOZdCtJK1ukltI0iyBdilI9yoCMAYPbH4 1A1rczhhFNHMscAaQE8hemMHjt0rWubSe5KSSFQ68EH/ABqWG1RIrwGeQPcRGJiCCEGOoGM1 nCrGmybX3OPh8L6Zqkzj7OY3CFyYm+v5dqoW3hGCS3+0SO8Kj7yljken+ea77S7WHT9Q+0RX rtFszsdcsGyM4PAx14psLLay7pJkkUknywmM+1dscfUStFkezjY4e48FW/2dZor+dtxGFAB6 1G3gbE6W41KRXkUsCYRgYx15967hjayIyh2RSQBlckc0uVzhZi6dMHtTeOrvqSoROBuvA2qR S7ItWtX7/OjDPHsDUU3gXX4oPO+16YV2lyFd8nH/AADrXoPlRyNvaQgjpzRdvvtTbCQqNrLn vgjFL69X0HyI88t/AuuzxJKL7TAJFDDMj55GcH5KJvAmtxKpa9007s4w7/8AxFehRAK3MwEe OMDn2qld2xmuRsuBgL02nrWqxte4nTRwUPg3WZLZJ3mtIdw5ikZt6+xABGfxqSHwRq8pA+3W KD3L/wDxNd9Hayxp88qMfoR/OnrEM5LbR3wap46r3H7ONjhB4A1pHBXUbEH1V3B/9BrSm8H+ LobQyf27bCNeoF3MT+q4rq7ksq/uZMsORkcVDci/uINkezBHzAdf51H1ys3qwcIo5qz8MeKV CSJrsICn5f8ASZPlz1PC1buLHxfaOI219GOcDbcSf1WugtLO8QKMrgdiRTdT0+4l2OuN4bO0 mj69Pms2JR7GImmeJrlzHPrSH14aQ/8AjwArr/CbQ6ULYSTyy3auXaQKqgYdcfKOBgZ+pIrN W2mZAyg7ycEdqsQ6ddCSSRGxEVGf9ojoKynjHqmzWn7rufTmheO9EuvDEVhKWS4lR9ztD+7T cTlmxnaOeuOteb+FdesvBOp3niHXLeWTTgjWnliIM8sjTKEYbsDG0Ek5H3hXnGjarq4vGS3u orJbYoZ5C20OhdcoeeQeOPXFd/4q8E+LJdJg0+ytJZts6SSW8uo25YEQeXn/AFmMAIvH+165 qVzy5ZPodMZxUZWW55v8X/HWmeMbzV4LaC5tVvMGJiquVIO7kZ5zt/L6Cqtn4qMXhW48PaZE 8qT2scci+UPNkZdpBA55G0gAHncc9BXJXnhp4b6K+0m0Oo/OFmtGJIVGOAxbICpkfeJwMcnG a9++F/hKXS7LVRDqMWm3k675YbdonkjBAIMjFHBZAcDacEA/eyK6I+zgrrqRDmne2x4T8N/B reIfEd41872ltAkksy4/ecYG3HY8967wyWsYCRJsiT5UXJO1R0HPtU3hLV7N/EviW0F09xd2 1qU8xl4l2mNJCPlXo3HQcDNcxc+dHfx2iP1XJz1rLETlUaTJmowSSNW5s7GeTLRg555NSw2t jAhWNNvHasmZJosMATzip438xdsqMpAyCD3rDVLcyL/lQhcpgr781WkWJgcDBHcVVhkuFZhI pB71LbR+ZMA2QCwAAOMe5poT12GPbFvvcj6VsaSYreOW4msbVIIwd0olIP5bPX3q0ul8IpOS 33cHg1l+ILC4tbKS23lVY72Uc8DoPxP9K9DA1/ZScXszOtS5rMtXetanbF7qXUbXTbMRny0t IRNI/pktjb9c/hXG6osHiLUjNPqd47Iu8ebHu3LyMcsQOvQcd6ia72uyl0XBxjBJq/pd9axX BF1G8kJBX5ODz35r3IylFXOSSi9GXotFeSSJ7fxDqdpiEI3kxxrlgT6g9cjofwq63wv8P3QF 7earq0kk+XZt0e5jnnt71Vs5GjlWRX7nHuOhres9RdmXeQAOgA4qnWmtmT7KD3iYlj4F8ASR PKG8RSojKrYKDGTj06cH8q6mx+E/gFhh7fU5MdCbrGfyWrNrfqVHzjg1cgvJrV45mBlhlbCr gAr1+b1I6cdayli6/wDMzSOFo/yoms/hD8OcZbS75x6tfv8A0xWpb/CH4ZHAfQJnx638/wDR hUkGqKMYmV2fnIPA9hj6VcbVwiY3jA4zWEsfiI/bZusHQf2F9xNY/CL4V4Bfwyx+uo3I/wDa lXNR+FPwunUs3h2Vnx95tUuif1lrDbxBImQjofqKkt9auLhghcAE84BqFmWJ6TZX1DDb8i+4 zdV+E3w5AcQ6Pcw47pfSH/0Imsgab4Z8OabcwaZHOPIO2VpfmyGKH73HIJA4rpdd1fZaAxkP MxLJHnG8df6frXmHijVbiSSGGUB47Yl5ZNny73GcY7/eAz9Kmpja0l78iPqtGnrGKucN4hjk t5I5PJxvYhWUYB+p9f8AGqdtfDIAIyK9MvdBt5nnR5bZreZtwj3k7D6g9q4jXvAeqWrtcadP b3MOc+WH+cfmMEVy4HNITioVHZm1bCSjrEks9RCkBzwfQ9K2ba6RlBVgePWvOI72aGTyrhWj cHlTwRWlaao8eCrHAxmvTv2OZLueq+GLhWlmG7DhMjnnHf8ApTNNuxLcSJMSHIPB9fTFcNp3 iF4nEiOySDoQBW+2t6ZeIZpC9resQVkUZjOOufQ9e1YyutzWNjcuL24tZxJCW2k9u3tU8fiB DgTgr681nWN1NgSGWyvFHQrKB+hxViWa1J8ya1s4yR8pknAGfwrFo2iy2usrJKTbWk02Rjg4 4/Kll1qSC1N7LMm2NBgRyjAJONoPdvXHQc1hHVQ9z9kSX7YxGRb6euAR7ucH8queF7SzmupL /wAV208sFpAGhtFjEcZBbABIwcgnJAz05NY1KtOkryZXvS2MTVGvdRs7i4VDHJdeYqEEfKBg kY6gEMoHoPWq8EFzG6jyZygGNu04wfb+tdHqcVnZ+Cbe8eJfttm11NeSIRidQEaNV75wpGP9 oV5VP441UHELQW6rgYUZ6/WvN5a2MlzR2Q5JU9zqLV7q3cSafDLJdlmRIY4yzSAjkce2a9P0 7UdU8N+EfD189u6XDLLLfRQ/K0Kbk8xZIzgyFCzYAyQc+teCXWsapc2bLKYxGWBcoCh6jIyO nTn2rc03xrfataQ6RdC7tdI07S2ikjs3X7Qi74mkZCWXeGKKCC3Qnpmuyjg3GOu5MKig7not 9421+/0aKxu75rmKZ0uWnjiWAFDGPlIHUEgHBPVR6DGXdGaFBttpJXPKxKOW/wAB71554g8R jT76O30YXMVqsaLEt5FiXaVL4IEjjGCMfMe1VtP8V65czB4bm2Ubj/yxUL6/0rlq5fVnLm6B Kam9T1LKqqGWSJNz7NrNjGQOBnrjNNkWWFSJIsqCfnxkDPv6Vg+GdYl1nSJHuLVp7u0LK4CD kkcN9Tj9KnjutUlRPJtrm3XfhwyEnHHXPavNlSnCTT6DUE9je8NWMmta5b6cl5b2puN4Wa5k 2RJtUtlm7Zxge5FaXjPwrJ4XezNxrWmX7XKO6taSGXYV28HA77hj1rlZvP8AssqWmmTPLECU zDlGwcEfUelRzR65/wAJdpZnhj/s+SzsY5Mw7fmMaBiMD1zwT2rSEYuDbWvqa0IwhUXtI8y7 bHcWnw+lvvD0Ws/8JTokcZhMzRG4xMBgnbt9fbNZXhXwfN4olnjtda02zaJA2byQxh8nscHP SrM9raWN1atarbm4j1GJH2xgMFLjDdOgGOfesdbu8k0yS7Sznj8u8ARZEViYtqNjA/iJJGPr mmqsUlJL8TdU6KjKLjq9nfb/ADJPFHhHUPD2pPp91cxzyCNXSS2VnhcN6OQO+R+Fc/bw3blc Ry/N0ypFdxrBka1s0toHtYJdOt5Lh2zzIJpQ5AOQoK7MKPQ1or/Z09i0tqVJ2fJv43cdqJ4v kehdehSajGEbNb67s4IWt6sfMDHnvxTDaXYRnML/ACn6mtq2mvpLsLc2bCJcqxBB5z1Bz0qT UN6jZZTEy4zyvGc9M1H1o4vZMxRa3W3Agl3EZ5U0gsb2OF5zE5AHUA5rSMmrLbyB1ZpNrEFV zj0/Gq1jqOox5TUIZWwpyVQDOPar+stK9ieXWxRaK9U5njlPuQTSBLhnASJ2HcYrZjv5ZYCw WSKRVDFJFAb8qh0+a4EU8k4IDyFxx0Uf5NCxXkLkZQ+zXrtk28oHb5TSzxXccgXyZCOmQp5p Rrt61ytvDbSEbSSzjgc8H8qsRay8M4jvEkTcu7zNuFA9OO/+NS8S09ULlI7K3vzK6i1lYp8x +U8AVfMV2vMttJt6ex+nvWdF4hkhuHRriSNWLDOBkjPA561Yg8Q/aWNsjTRsuDyg2g+meue9 YznzO9g5UXI2uB962Yew54pym6JxsmQbgNpU9+lLeajcaaRdTyQeYo2qvABJGOeOlZPjTxcY dJjXTIhDfSTLH5zgHaoBLED1OOOKKdP2slFdRpNI1b1l0hJJrnRJNTtp7d0uY4dqOFOMEMVf BDAHIGeOo5rWl+JPxJfxPCjXwtwBby3qy6NCjqkoBClyCV+Qhvl3HGPw8nbxZq9iJm1C8e4g kj8vooKMzAbgcehIxz1rv/2gtRn0bx7bW2m3D22pSWaG6KQRmMxrI6xg5XJbaoA9AAPavap0 atJcnUd7xuUzC+k2ejXFnHeHU3kEZitmY/aB8zFGUAkxlSqFDuHJY/3a9B0/xV4lsfDkes6x aW97bajLLI9nCnlSWccYaSSHJGZG2K6nAGSoGBnjwDXL/V9SgEN9fyusfzLtOzBJAPK47Ada mfxpqckfh7SoJltrHTIZ1eFwjecwhJmc5ByzIWA35G5iMDOa3jhpOKUhwrOFz0aLTluGi1wW cVhc30k86kpiQL5siYcYBx8pOD7H0qydKhe+ScTR5UY3Y4ArzHxL4yhtoNOsPC8txb2lvG4M N0FZwWlkbGRyeSTyTncv0FC08a+IriZxBqiEBiMi3j+b9Ofyrjq5fWlK8XoSqiZ7FdWGnm1H 7znf1ArLtEhh1KRJZwbdejFOAfT+dc74Y8RX15p95DqciSNGVAlChSwbPYYHBHb1q1tljkeY XkBgkAMaBiTlRg9u+a4pQlTfJJlKXkdRbWduI3J5BJwWXkfSse6SRZ90Stwey9KbbanONIe4 lcOFOOe3TirFhcvfxyNHC3yEDPbmoUnEJe8hsV1ex5bdIe2CDg1Is88ib52diB1Ykmo01O3g 1OOwf55y4VlOBtzzn8q1NVfT01GO3ilwZh8g/DvUuq3uQoNo4nxHaooknSBgBl2dV7+9YVve AfK/Uepr0y7tXESxyrHJHIpUhecg8fnXB+KPDM9vK11YFQh48lshuB29a9/A5lHlUKjOepSa d0T2mohceg9DW1aXaOoZXz689K86jvZoHMcyurdcECtG01R4zuViPwr1r31Rn6npuizh76NG YdcgZ6nsKvXF6X1cxSyEBSAo3e3b6159Y66odWyRIpBB9D2ro11fT9SiiNy/2W5wf3+Pkbnj PpWMrmsVc3ry5a12tbAIqcFUGAPf86lg8QK6/vvlOOcng+9ZcEt2F/ewreRk8tAwOfapC1hK fm0e+HOCQO//AH1WElc3izUn1exAX99ubrhPpTotVmkHkLEYQTnDvsdh3I9B6nsM1ialJDp8 BnjW0shn5ftDeZIfogzzVK3k1DX79rKxWWCGSIGSe5UbpAvPXnAJHReKzbhBXky+ZvRFnWtU e/vXMe4wWpKqyNkemQe3QfQAVBpHk3OYr51cumRJIRgHg9PoCMds+1Q3Y/sqHyfOj2Mrbscg gdc5781o+HY49SlMaxxfKpO9RkEjH+NeTisR7XbYUYSUiNdd0s5Hn24/4Ev+NPGsacdoFxbk DvuA/rVD/hX+nFsL4uJOP+gYuf8A0fS/8K8sQBnxWT/3DF/+SK7/AOyqJf1qfYuzalpciGCb 7PPGRyGXIqglh4VnYgRacGJ4CuOfwJ/zmnv8PdPGT/wlDH/uFL/8kU1vh9pT43eJt2eudLQ/ +3FaRwEYK0ZMl1r7xQ5fDGhtmSO184E8KhBAHcjvU7+GtGVedOKuDwQzDH+fpVdfAGlQ8x+J mRunyaYqn8xcClPgeBvu+NtQiP8A0ztiB+lzTeDk/tsPaR/lFHhrS1OSlwy/3fOI21NaaLo9 tKZHtVm53L5zl9uPToD+NVo/BcyH5fiNqnPY6du4+v2mrEfhV0X5/H+pMOnFgR/K5qZYKo/+ XjBVYfymjF5EO2OKKFY8fN5a4zz7Cng3swE0MUb20P8Ax8O5IdAcBSoxz82B24zWafC0W/H/ AAnuo89c2R/+SKcvhmNchfHt6S3UfYev/kxz+Ncrym7vzG31mPYofEi5EXgbV3QZkkjROenM ijH614Cd5II/ibIFfQmteDbfUtJm06bx7cBJSpOdMVvunI/5b+ormP8AhTekHaT48k4/6g4/ +SK9TBYdYam4nHiJ+0ldGEix/ZAC69ATzW3J4Bv9U/4RYaIsVvc6nFOl080iiPDr8hOGOcrn jr04zgVuf8K4sNu0eMpAcY/5BY/+P1f1PwTp11Z6RZJ4xv7aHTYpMKkDfNM2P3oHnYXG0YXn 60OMuhSlG2pz+r/DC+8P/EHR7fxIkMlveyeVPsuE3hdiKW8snIwXGOOfzrkLLSn0e8utPuFV XjkQ7PMVyuRyCVJGc5r1rTfCthD4zg8SXvi3UdUEUYVYZ0YyIwiVNyymbKYZdy4Hyj5QeM1z 8Xwz0+KWaRPGE2HfcFbTAW/E+fyfehRnbUJON9EO+FzLBJq2yTbkwlQB1I83H9K7QXIZiZHZ wAflzjjt61i+GPDVrobXZXX5br7QEzu04Lt27v8Apqeu79K10sIGbi+XpjJtAP8A2pXl4nLZ 1JuSZ0U6ySsOa4kARQQx5AC554qrHdLJqc6w3M3nRpGJ4znaq5bYeRgnrnB+tXV0+AEE38Zx /wBO4H/tSrLwW81hb2ZvvlgeRw/HJfHbzeMYrk/smr3NPbxKkc9w3QjJ+UYH86DLcYMhlbI+ gI/MU/8AsqxUmR9Sye42g/8AtWl/sLTnXa+rgexWMnH/AH9qXlFddR+3h3HLLeFFwzIo5Xrz n6Co7k3c9vLBLMY9wKBklO8ZGNw44NI2hWq4QeISoIyNqICPr+9pV0SPYNviOPIwDlU5+v7y o/snEdhqvB9SS3a5hs0ThmHy72OdwA7kc5/ClN5MsJIityDgcqeopn9iYlDDxGmMcIqKQD6/ 6ypoNEBG8620mf7sS8f+RKX9l4jsHt4dyrEwFxLK7Q7JcHYVOI8dSvfnv16Co3ng85h5MJcH JOG/L+VaP9iIzgjUXHTloVOff/WVMNAjGMas+Pa2X/44KHlmI7E+1h3M3dtjxGsTEc7cHPP4 1CVkIddiJzye/P41tDQLYbcalJ0+YG2Tn8fMpW8OwyHcL5yB28lQT+O+pWV4jsDqwMNYrv5i NnHZnGD+tK0M2WjRhhVyckY575rc/wCEajDZ+0OwHTMMZOfXPmUweHCEIW4nKg52iFAP/Q8U 3lmJ7E+1pmP5FwCmChyMdOc4+tH2ecOFESZzjkj/ABrYGgS8HNxtP91QP/ZqkbQZWYgfayoP IEfOPrml/ZmJ7D9rTMFRKr/6tMdeSAPc8muN+KBRJNGDBB+9kPynORtH+Ir1JNDnZCHF9jod sfH5bq57xd8O7jxDdWcv9p3ttHbIyiI2QkBYnls7xg4Cj8K6sHl9enWUpLREVJwa0POID4dl lntPElzc2emXEbJJPbld6EFWU/MCOSoHTvWp8Wdf8PeJ/Gthr2l3MgupLTybq2Ll1iCsChDE nOQST+eMkk7mofB2e5sLi3GtzAzJs3NpoYp8wbI/e8H5cZ96zNM+BM9jMZY9flf5cY/s3b/7 VNe8qfU5nJ7I5q58oxz4IGIyen/TWEf1NUrfwZJ4gjt57FI4JJb6ON55Z1WNYyuznIHOfQno xwa9Cb4U34WUf2rOPMTaWFl0G5W4+f8A2RSWvwq2S2L3FytykF4Z5h5MkRuAePLJViQAM4I6 ZPBFLlaKTTepj+PPg1qGgQWWuRanZX8sOy4u42kVA0aNhig5JUYVeT37cCuS8ReHU8K+MbnQ w42Qo239+spGJGwGZQPmwORjI6GvTdR+GiTa7Fdw3t4NOt2V4tLu5WukJ3hmDs67XVucrtXs eT1ybz4TXM2pTahJrcUJlJPlx2L7UBOcfM3v/WlFT6sJcq2RieBrezudemiuYVmT7MzAHsQV wf513otbBbfy0t4hGFO3I55qn4V8DSeHtWbUTrMV1mFo9nlFCMkHOcn0ro2tiy/623x/tMQf /Qa8XH4SvUq81NFwcbamDb2NlHG0UUalGG0gZ+Yeh9qnskXS4XXT4Y0LcPlvTP8AjV3ynQYS Wx45wZyDnp/dqLyJFbeZ7LB7G4OP/QK4fqGK7F3S6mfPYWF3fLd3Cj7QuMtu6+narl3HHc6n Fqc7GSeJQq8gLjJPI/E06XyxjL6buzn77nP/AJDqNS7oFWOzz3JkYD/0Cn9QxX8o04ouveSN fxXZKloVKIgA2EH1H4Vm67Y2+r3EU0/miWMnDRkLweueOlSsLnaPLhsQDyf9IP8A8RSB7gDm OyyD2lkP/tOl9RxP8oXT6kOpadpt/o8em3NqpgRgQygB+O2fSsj/AIQfw8WJMEg7fK/61tvM UUjy7Mf9tXH80pUlypP+ggnJGZ2HP/fFbQpY6GkbkyUW9TBbwTog+7LdqPTOf1qRfCGkhPLS 6vE7n5s1rGaVT0tDkdro4/8AQahF1IDlmtUA6/6Qf/ia3vmHmTyQKkPhTTAwD3144zg7WUEj 2OKkuPC+jkqbe4v1XGHEroST7EKOKtNdEuWNxp4XA2AXRB98gqAPzoe7WQKuYCF4/d3A5Pft ScsfsHLAXS9LsNPnM8VtFPII8Ayjdt/2ue9eyfDzU7qz8JQJG4fJLfMuRzj/ACBXirST+ZlL dyh6fvRXb+GvGFnp2hxWFxbXHmR8HYVIP45rixNHHOjJxT5uh2YSVNT9/Y9PPiG5LEGC0YHH 3oRzTpdZmEwUW9ltKggC3HcZrzxfHGkA4ZJl57lB/wCzVMPHWjSShljuD8oHAQ9AB2avl40M 9VJq0r3PX5sFzdC8NS8cFcN8KrIknByJ+v4rR/aHjfJx8KbDPfMcv/xFebl7eWYh7HT4iCMh bONfb+73qXdFlxFZ2W5TgMbaM4GPcV9z/bcOkTwfYs7+bWPF1vGHl+G+jxnHIdJsj/x0VDF4 o19/MWPwFocjJzIAJTs/SvPZLaC5hxMiqpTLLGqqOuOw9D/KmW9paxxSqjSBeCoz1OeKxlnU r6RD2J6IfE3ifyvOT4eaPsIzuxKPT29xUi6/4rMbyf8ACuNIeMcM6LIdh9D8vWvMzAodGUS7 1GScerYGT36VPa/ZzujaNnZmwcj06n9KHnc/5R+wO7PjPXGVSngjw+qscDcH56Y7D1q1FrXj h08yH4b6K6ZHKxSnOa88uYYZXV2GMDd043eo/H9KjjgcuIxFG2COqhj+vSlHO5vdB7A9Jm1z x5GrFvhxo8ajqTHOMVG2v+O9vzfDzRgCQBmOYgn0rz8wQiPZJlfNyW2YGSDio2KgDEZ3Meww eKr+25fyh7A9DOueNwC7/DzQtq5JYxS44ODzj1pV8SeLi/lD4faI02QREqS8jHoFrz1xCwAK MxweT6mnMsG1fmIWM5HGCfr+tS87nf4QWHueiJrPjNnC/wDCrdKkJHAWGQ8ev3aadf8AFhL5 +GujjYNzqYZMge/ydq89a3Bi8lYg6rggEY+YnGfrkfpUabWVR5Ow+4HU9av+25W+EX1c9D/4 SDxWz4Hw10cvwADA/fofujip31fxrhyfhdppA6n7O5H/AKBXnGYQjhVVdoz2GR/+ulmS38zl UGBnzBGATxz/AI0LPJfyi+rpnaz+LtYRlWfwF4cjJJXEiMOfxjqdNe8SOokj+Gvh90PR0icq 2ODg+V6kVwRijDoUZ3AUEqTwD6/ypLgDaxESvluT028f5FQs7qX1QfV0ehR6t4uOCvwn0pxy AVt2OSBnH+q9Khg17xBcu4tfhnosrRsRIqwsWU+48muHmjWSXc0MZwRsAiXG7rmoxp8CQzyS bsKSR8g4A649Ofar/tuX8ofVj0GS78WuN6/CDS3Q9/sRYH/yBSCfxKz/ACfCHSiQMkCxJP8A 6T1wcao8XmR28Slk4PlKD90+3+c00W0QDxiGGRh0BQHB79qr+3F/KJ4a3U7uS98RxH5/hNpc Rz3siB/6T0sV14gm3bfhTpj4wTssjnnp/wAup/CuANvHIrAxrHHjJVEUcfl3xQYoWI/0dABh QCi+v/1x+dJZ7Z/CH1a56F5uvnJPwntFAHX7Af8A5FpGPiLAP/CqoB64sT/8h1wSwIHIKRMT 3EY457cU140GxVt4zgY3iMdf8mq/t3+4H1Z9zvmXXcbj8KbcDIGW0/7xP/bnTFXVmbaPhVZk kZx9g5/SyNcFLAAwAgiDKCRiNecZHpSlsLzHG24/LiIZPUZH/fP60PPf7gfV33O6c6qCQPhR YKwx9+w5/wDSKkB1V5Wh/wCFX6eHXBIFiCQD062VcNJAimZGiXaMjKjBwMUtvb27qU+zQS7F cFJYwyknjHI5oWd3fwC9g+528rX0LpHJ8M9PjdyAoexwSf8AwBp7JqLfu1+GlruABObHpz/2 D64eC3jjQgW8cRx8qIihRnrgdPWmeRCFaJ40+bd8xUe4Az9RU/2672UR/Vmdz5N8R/yT6yyC AyixGeemP+Jf7Unkalgf8W6tx9bHGfy06uIihRZNpQuHJByASpJ7cUxbeAtsto48Z67B16c0 f24/5Q+rs7j94jHz/AFkgONubMgn/wApv0pZIcMBL8PrNSemLI5/XTa4ae1gAyY1yf7ygdO3 Snx20QLKkZw4AxngkD0o/tzS/KNYdnbNbRqm6PwBCc5ywsmIxn/sGVGYbYZe48DxxLjJP2Jx +p0rpXHRwQSTANAqndjG0dutILaFWSOSHllxkEAKPlH9T+VCzx20iP6uzr0h0iQZHhaD13JZ u2OSP+gVjrx9akSx0bY2fCLsB1I05+fr/wASuuLZNqrvG2PgjgE/3QOnt/nrTTbQsWYqSyqW UBQPQf8A1qazt9Yg8Odv9i0QuQfD80eR0+wyc+3/ACCqa2maPjH9kX8BJxhbGRcH/wAFdcV9 ht59wZPl2FSwwOOT6dec/n7VM1tAIdsaYIAAGB1xz9KP7cX8pH1dnXto+iD76aqu8cf6PIpx /wCC2oP7L8JvIUe4vdwPI3MT+K/YM5/AVydxZxtLhVVmI5GMY5IH4jOaeLYwCTYq4yVIGRx6 8Hv3qZZ4+kR/V2deNB8LRZLz6rEFPOLaUYH/AILqZd2PhO2gMsmr6sigED5HGT6DNiBn8a5N gFZ34Vtnzfn/APqpxhikiztY7UwcnIJbcDn86JZ72gCw7Og0y08NXZd31vVoY+Cq78v07hLZ j19hVp9D8JsrD/hJdXyDjIkmXn2zaiuQe3MaGMx/IhLbFOBzyT+v6CmPGu3aVZcAeYu8k/5z xWUM6mo2auyvYHYnQPCKy4Pi3WVA5JM8+PwxBUg0Pwb/AA+ONRUns0sx/nEK4yWMSlNyt8qs SN5wD9KECLIm0SAgD+M8Y6Y/StFnkl9kPYHaHRPBw4b4g3yDoAZZB/7KKjXQfB0hKp8Rr9vX 94xx+eK5aeN5IYzJNKo4KhXOc+g/z3pheXeVeeXO3cF3kD2qlnneAvYM6xPDvgtgd3xBu/l5 Yl2OPr8wpw0PwWrFY/H87DHaU/8Ax0Vx0jbHwsrhlO4NuJOTjvmpVMkkWGaVtzZO5j3xnGe9 J53p8ILDnW/2V4WWMf8AFZ3QJ6Aycjt0+0/zon0rwoMeb4wlTHVZJF6e+bwVxzIoG4o5yO7c 4yf8/lT4p7m1QeXPLHlht2uRn0PX2qIZ3K+sRugdWuk+EtxZfFFvJ3/1sR/9vqcdJ8LMC41i xk9w8eev/X/61yks1xuBmuJ9y5J/eZww4zTGkmkKmWd3BPIZycDp61cs7fSIewOql03w9HFI 6XVrIqcnhSffpfmotMs/DN+zsv2QCPg+aoXrz/HqC/TiuVlRpBIDukjj6knjv/UVIhFrMzRP NACMZjJ/Hv61l/bE73aH7F9wlHT5vnKgfX2J/H9aYJJIZgUAHQY2/wBO/wBPf2qQGzVHwrs0 YJfnJPf8Pu1JblUnCkkuRnc3TjA4/WvHNrruQGQBmjMZC7jhgvbAA5+p/Snt9niNs7SoZWOC uOh6KT/OrMy/ulX5cnI5PTkHmq6RJ5mFbJC4duOmD/8AWoUiroelxHMmUJRckLx06gED229f emBpZCGKBW3FQpfGSO2fxpY+iuw/fK4AxxhcH0pGhYRxrKCSAWwCScHnIob1FJ3BpxHGqjDl SAQFIGOT/SoZ5j5kZJVd/PAwev60LEPOQCLKvkjA5IwO/wBO9OKxnMgQkq2QCenp/KktBErh Ytu8rxkDPfJpojjFuC037wbVBByckjPP5/lUiSbplkkjIwN3I4yeB+uaSGNNwbnoGUn0BznH Q96L6ljpFxsKgAZJ6Yz6YqJp8/Luj3Y28jP6etCyM1uCTlySOvQ8DH6Uk9r5cQAYIzNx6jOB x+dMCzJKp35AwrFQc4GAWGT6nr/k1DvWU7S8Z24JYjAyeg/DsKiUSmDaAMkfLt5yOucfnTo4 XjcSxyIsYCkDAJ6nBOfYUm76hzCniMBoE3iMtyvO/wBPy/I00SYjiyhZNuwb+egziiDeJVYF iUGUYnvnj6880y6ikCjawUbzIG64x/k0IW5YHQ4U7Q24kjAzk/8A1qarMtu4ZNwdm2gnpwMH +fFJcBxBGztxkA49QPm/nikRAbyLzJGMbHO0dACOfp1PPamkkK5OkvlFZQVPHIU4yeox+X60 PKVUHCseN4J6cDOaroGaNvM2EAFQT04xn/CgfNIyBeH5Yjvkf/XFTfUYkk7Rur84O0EFuBx1 9hT7OWSQ8AYBO98cHCk59+1SuSJ9pUmMEgDHA4IU/kKhJcMixIQWBLfkf8VqkwJdwCMGUNvU 8g8ZOcfj0pJElebMRQgHnJ9O5/X8hUCKzrGu9SowpbPGeevpwD+NSeaI1TDExkBGA/iGT/jS 6BdEYkPmRuyuwYkkZ6Dp17+tWkAKNvIQrnJHcZP+fwqpvCIvynaj7cD3PQfkPyqztcW5ZmRD tBJAJzgGmthXXcEkARAFCuqjdv5B+Y8/Tp+VNRm2qdxdgxBbt09KYtwN5TdlpApI4+XIzjn2 DH8RTpZYViVEfZjG7I9MYx39fypsXOh0U2VysZYNjKDktllx/KnPg/dQKzE7RuxtIPU/lVQX FuD56ndt+ZSpwOuf6GrdrcxSXEMSRgyOyrjd7gHv3xQHPEgdpGTcXYleDxxgH/PNOusi1GCH KcfLxnO3/wCv+dDqpiVWUMWUrwegyeeKjUN57YjyoO6Rem09z9MCh6MfMh8shiibYp+9wc9D 94f0p5iIduREpTJkB7gAnnvzgfiKayMyugJ37yuMdgDtqSK4WMMzLhGciPcM8ZH/ANajfQfM PaSOWDaE3twzDOD2wMfhmolbdGk6uB8wLBWweQevsAP1pLUCKQFXZnVeGHIJyc9akX/VMCOM nZtHP3c/jnBpLQXNcVmj89GkxsKbzIDwufX9PzqCVnZNrEpnux/Sny20jMsLDBZQMEnvyB9D k/pTSomuo4hIqqzAFyBgLjJY/hz+dJFCyBTIzM24FQdvTndTWc5WNzJwNzc9ScY+nJp80olD CGLaFAbDfTkfh60ki3DyB1RE2HaDnk4IGT/h7UXs7CGyeZk7DuUFSwzgFtwB/Q01dzElgf3h 4UHAH+cYp7rNGwA4LFSoPIA4/wAB+dKpUyyAyKTG2Aw+6cj+oP8AOmAyUmJ0KEs20NknJ55H H0OPxpyXDtJ8yGNzyOenB4obhdw+6oGFPBHHA/DFLEEyAQdw9upx/jmpYEc7BmWEbeSc5HOT gfjmpHLCCRVyoQfMcZDGob1Y8gAHeFaQkHoOAD+mafDEZrfaHcYXcPTPWmhDi5UGOXecNgu3 BOAf6U3ccFzHt+buOcdP1PP41KBv+aRN6BsE5wS3Of5D86hUFkEcauN3B78gZ/rmi/QLj45W Jf5Dt2NncvGRyeaGYxSFlbLDGMevGKZIQSEUFcDAx0Ye/r2o8hiQYeX3AZz16GmK4qGV5FXJ ZFTIKnB6ilglSWcKUO5yOW9O38xTjkMURgERF4z1yoP+FRFmVgVVlUkZAHPrSQ0xBKd+GhwQ wyTx+H4cj8KdvlYKCzDbj8ufz+tOfaUZnyQgHGO/UfpmkuCwkLMCibipGP4cdKYEayNO3kvl HI47cbuc+nH86VmGAoUEoqkjOQTzjP8AhTYkTy3uDJzlYwD/ALRx/WmoyicKG3scAk9j3z7c n9KLJCBDkDMjAlc49Bx/hmntIfJRwjMWIDqBjaRjJPp/9Y0n7uSJnUjkcnj930xn36ipguZE twpxgE8/U/1piI974mjjb5DJuXHQgH/P5U4XDMpiJQjg5HAyf/1U1WZpZOioUOMemDx+lRxx sZjFIjkg4OB9eKTSYXILlSs8YVpfNcAKpHbBA5H0Gfc0kMqm7DK+2QKyFOSDwf64/IVfcqD9 nYhpE3P5o4znGB7jjNCCOJCGi83BUDGAzEn+uPyxQ7C5EU4pZfPUhzHwQT+Jzk1YkuJ2dH8p jvf5BxjHX+Zqz5sLXATy4zG6lUyoyuMkHH1496rxtHMhVYyZF+X5myFJ6H/PrQrDSK8dwhjD FiCrEY54yeMkf54FTTXT7CqYYlidrA9M/wD6u/c1JcRPGArW5VxgMp+9wB2/M/jSJHmBmVSA oHAGCeBj+VFo7hYoi+uPOXfGAIvkA7k7jx79D0/lVr7SWkCMoOOTkdTjgD8waV7RvMjP3GHK DOTwOPfHb/8AXUBRo1SVwyyEkspGTkH9P/1U2ohaxP8Ab2kDq8a4LARjHU9APzqWS6ZYWaNQ EBKltpJ4Gf8AGoYlZEA28tlRxnBORn69fzqxCWaB4iF2B1YoW6nOBz+H40nFIWpWDtLCoRSM ucE84JyCPp0/OrKTyIrzRxYij3R5xznkEjPYAfnSfbI5buG1TZmTIEcUe0H5jkE9CcgH/gQp 14snmCGWNgASWRvug9TjHHqT7igEmMEsR2DcVDMc7RjIyR/n61ND9klbZESWJJYHjgkYJ9uK rSyqq/JCwyAAGHKkDd09TQiSuGkUDLAhcdTgcc+pNJQuBL50CPOHbDjlgRyuOnTjsfwpYp4V WQl3Z1GQV7fMCCfbP6VWfyxMcwPIQVzIOjDgYI7gnJ980sACBY/KVfMGW2D5VA6D8P6mjk7s aLaKJI/M81VCKCzEHaACCeOv+TUaNG0AZZhuYbiTngDgfoagXDL5hf5WABXB+7/UD07ClB2u 8m3PmfJnqF4GcH8CKail1CxM6lYVVHAlYhQCPpn9SamilUkRRqGDIAD74Un8OaqxSkKAF3OO hx04wOf1+vNKYz5iR7sOM5PrwP8A64/GpUU+orMmY7VAbDIWye3B6H8sUYmikkRTw2OT9flq G5jdwpU4LOoXC8j1A9vl5/CpVlcHzJJYcGQso3AjHIBb2AK/98n0oUewm0hZEQKyM4Oe2Ogx kH86ZJdLHIszptIxuAx1C5xj6jBo8wG2G8glwPn246dj68mq8sttNIrNLGjghQoIJHzAsPc4 OD+tOMUHMi5stp1dcs7KM578kYz/AD/Gqqz20cQZiAfM8qNCeN2eMZ96VpDBCZ0iKMwKjA77 gcZ9qpXZRo4UhBdVfdG+wkKVOc5z1OcVpTgnLUU27aD1ntmbe8yRqXXahXBJZVbB9sYH4GpX lt2Rv3n3htACngjGCOMVVv51kyIbINLC+9d/BYhcbQMZIOMZ96vxRRiya5eRSrPlI8ZOcLjg kYHPX2q5pdDGN2PtUsgcpsLEZXt/ECevThqqxiC5vpVa2UTQPGJH3gbdwBXGTnJIGPofWopJ pzO09mIQwQhAkZLccfNjtgDHuKljtJJ2unWQwbZQyFGByhZvlLDG7+uBiko21bLs7l2IxRRm DO3Y5VGxkkYz16etMubi1McoDqI5GwRzggdP51XimVbZn2Mzug9Dxk9Pc+lRmG2eISMSjuhc Jt/i6EZ+gz9KzUV1LV0W4b63MLOqlfLDFsjvjP8A8SPxrnjqss175CNHHGyfMyqd6SnJHPTB XJ+hFa0VlN5EwyxgY4MMi9QeM49cnOakl06J4miW3jhMYyyqnLHsWPf0+nFb03TjuRKMmUEv polLK+V2lkJ+6FIYfh0PB9Ks2t2hKvkPHbhRuz1wBjIpY7RQSTCMIdu1kG0nHf8Aw+lTy2SZ dkjZVEZLY7nBU59/mX8qiUosFFrYswusbncxCqcJwTkEDk+2DQ0hjcvM2AVD+w6df1qCBXUF hKUxyCx4yNtKxZpByjR79zKBwMDkY79SaxcUaK5LbToLvy2Hzsec+pwM/pRNMNm9JCAxBzns MEmoLhFhiCkiZgArSEcHP/1z19qfLBCxVc7wQDsA+8No49gSPwAo5EwZMSj3HlxNkIigYbjP Xn6gE/hTpSElwLpSUGWXByFLEg/XgCq1lbxuQYwyiV1Vdq/MOOp9wR+uKUQO2Z/LBbBIOz7w 65x7Z5pctuo0ibcsmyRJh5iNyMcdwM/kPzp3mxJulEgBVemOmRk/1qMRMWhijiWNVPJjXGTn gE/iD+FNVEiuJAVidAhMZxuBxyfrwMUOC7jJgUcskTebuACgfezTZBG+3dKqvjkL0wPb86hW GbO5EMW9i2+NSCowMDj3705wqW8eF3GRyDI4OTjgMDn3OfpU8vmIkjVxGZC5cLtbk8nDd/z/ ACAoj8uGcSSy7mRTgdjxj+tRwwsYBFuK7pcsMfw7emfqc4qC43z3OfK8sM5BXbwBxyPr1x71 XJ1HYnjeEhondWOBsIONw61NJIsl2yrKoYscKeBwTnFUoLM7uAcA4XjHGcc/lj8faiJW3EMr tHGwG5ucnAP50+VPqFid5/LhdndMbdxI65+YcfnTmvI8ICybmwVXsRnIFVp4Y1KgxO21Cw42 gnJ4P5Gkltd0SSIFUONwOOhGBj+f50KC7hYsfaYGUICpdlKhOzDtj9aWVtnlqxycYIB9D/gc /hVOS0bOTtjxtG0DjJ4H8/0NSiCQSeYyMULqobGTkZ5FNw8wsSXKYk+QhiPk2n1Bzn9TUolV YCjiPCgbWPXtnP5D86qMhaVWTPB27s5/ED3AFBgUW0k7N32qo6kc4/LFHKyepJNtZNq5DMxB A4x3/wA/Wn3DykguUCyZ+YHkggf4mqkkEjYbzhtIUEAde+c/hTjHOIUj+WQdMAegVsZ7Z3EU cnmKzLl225UTzVUKo8sLwOFAOffpTLW6uLdC0Ug+ZgAMnGAvU4IP5VUuYHSJC23nJCg8r/8A Xp8NqJTGHGYQOSODn/OKFEWpdvGggjSRgVwirlWJJwM856E84HvUUlxGjOZUcl1yg6kHI6/g KvWyO0rcLNcFs8DJIJwcZ78fzqCME+dvhCtksWB4OTgL+P8AQVCqXKbIrfDTbpF3gkZ29hn1 +nH1NTfvInT7PCmd2BluF24wT+uPWo9s8QCqo2JGpQeuSM59RipkJZnk27kUZB9yAD+A6UpS fQepJOr3ESywySC4cNjcu4nnkgH3B/IUj9DOzJ8nOM43EfdOO/NV7eeUgxozSNIMMT12kk5z 9FAP19qjt5L8vLLNHu84l0I6DgLt/DbmlrYepLcxy+b5oAGHCjecFiTwOCcD5arxYYeZPG2Y W3Myknfn6/qPerE5E9uWcqzB2BKZAUDaB+OMmhnGTJgAhPL24yFGMce+MfjmqUujEyOBpHOB kxSM0ijHTAx+eT0p0bRzTiMr8oOWK/yPvg/qKijt5Lad40YJHsGw55+6uf8AD681oxjFx9oR AXGMfLw7AZxj06/iKHLUWpT8u2tpd3kxtIMtGRkBM4JziiK5WRGgYECUFhnGdhJDAN/vY/Cr HmQravHLIwLMCh6gE5zkexGfoTWTbrHaKXjh/chflOw4Z94UDB6DJbv096Vr6jdy1czb0a4w XYfPkcAg8dPoTSBblrd5IYgCx2hjnbzjI/Dg/nU/2NYYyESWaQsW3SMPnHpx0HoPapZVkaYr GWkDqMs38J6Ef0/CqU9CbMpFVkWSJHZW2BmI52glTg++Dip8G4R1MYWNRlQD0IHfHPoce9TW 2EmeZ95QtsjzjkbR+mcU5Cqh7ZV2jOScck5qea40mVpEaadYghDhSpI4Cgk/r1FSSoGtcD5G YE8c4OQORUUkQAe4Vh+7BYrzhu4P8/zqcJOqRyFzhYwXbuGxk/ju+X/OaG3uGtyp5V4xWOIC LHBGQcbcktnk5P4cUNaMlnmJzIikKWZyWA6hvc4HQ1dt3niSZniSSMYIU/extwB9Mkn8qmR4 RBuDMyyfcBGc7nwMfgQaTm76AlcqFZSkUjyARoxYvjbyyj8un0qC5sWuIXWFQoAQRhycAZOc j0OQePQdquKI1WOJUwFmAYlc4Pc898H9KVt5G2JBGhOcg9ORz9SeKSnKLJ5CnLpt7PDsjkjS UOGG7IGCRgjj0HQetI+j3cly0qzrG+7BVVyeBwTxk++av3DF4x8pdgVRwTxjoM+4604H5ZpY pS2yQvjH93p/n2q41nsV7ND2tU/s2C2dQZo5yZy7HncBjgdMYNV2tIIYxAXRvKPlSbexGBx+ JX86cQwICHkOcYPGcHHX2ANMtswW9zuKmRjhFK9skk/oKlyZVrFaWxzdhdhJD4YsMB88DHti p2WE2EdvNHkxOcFfQsCq569j+dOEuVKbVRl27vl45PzE+oBwPxqESI1k8UasEI6v1HGPz+9T 53bUVhkmnxrE9xLbMZgRhojgjHBx0PU9qsG2EFs6uzSSREjB6L6A+3P+FMuppGtzCHckZwfT OOR+PrSvCVS7y42FSseRk8gADP0H60OTY0rD49NjKoWZUdcgqmffd9c5xT/IVjPO8ERUyFUG DuXB5z7HB/75+tQQvKHdUYFPu89Tzj8+9Sm4laLjMWxEbHUcM2f8+9TzNjJ47V1gjZHEjby0 nPUBh+gXj61DKHS5UXHys7l2XOAByBuPpzn8RSTSxm3aQOFz8xRRgklm/lj+VMhvJIrgO8Su kaRlTj7xfIYH2GQfxNON2iXoWZbTMKg7GMezgE7pN2ePr8tLJCQzuGCu3yMknIfn9M84+lV3 kRxBJESu9d4dvRsj/E/hUDzyOzR24UqrKpJHQBWIPvTWoNpFk2LSie1mjUxHKgAkbeMkAj3O aHtF8tGKxIzZIPTIAH/6vyqmzTNFIkcZRk5V/Tpk9eetWPtGMmNjsQHax9M5P6hqUpuKuxpp ki2uIki2EuxbBzwOmDz9W/SmpZNKJSmAEJbIbn5Rn+WfzpYPmkiYv5ckxDEEHhu5P4MfyqMe bb3GxF/dlWR1PXK4Ax7k45qfbJ6oluzGG0mMga0uRAwZVj4HBwc+359OKtzmROspRJCC5Y9f lBJOeAPmPHTpWe19ENTeAfJCQNjgcE+lWNTiu1tXNvGHuNo8tG6NkjPf/aqI1258rQ5dzGvr 9tHknknO/e7yRq5PKAZPT9PXFaNtdW9zDsiR1QjYrsMKVOGXH/ATnPes6WyuVmdYZGKSSLlh yCVyAqg8jABI6depp+j2ogkkKSSO7tlotw8tG6A4wP4QM/Wu6UYOF1uc95Jl+/8AEFrDK1ms ItoI0XcshIbjPIz1HA5/WpLS8t7sW6xxu8Sxk5wM8tyev0FZWo+GYtUupLlSy3QgDRuRyCAM MT0JBGOnr9Kgi02SK1ZLZVkuImX7zfdZI+Rx23AfXmnKNNxsnqVepc1dTvDELcWpSZ3ZiNpA Z8Dhm9Fz6HpjpV20hhuY4/JMky7tscinhgAOnt2qMzXM1okl40cxjnBRVTAU4xn64NNYOJ5H illYg4AdhwMkcYwB3/OspyUS03uy7JEoeJQCF3KNx6Dnn3xVZHhll8mPBjdwCwA2529j9PbN U9Rubw3Lx25G0GNcckAYbp+JBpL6TYPmeZoiC8pHJKjqD0zzipSW4SnfQsNfWwXypd+fLUpj kkNu4+oyc+1WIh5EAS42Fd2FJ4G44JB/NfzrLgjLyXF0vz3LEuwIyuVLD88kfj9ObcMpeKKS ZULRllTjkFe/Xg8VU12BSfUstHFK42nDPkDd2bOACfxFRJLa3NuttbTMW5LBu/riqDSboSry SBSvEiZ+YZOVI54OcUyOGfS4IzCCDIxXg/MRuPHPTrilZ2Fzs1ktIobZ1Uje8x4ZjjGF446E E54ou7eCNIIoyPMUurEHoAQT/MVnusIaTyi+dokuB2DYA/mDSy3jF1O1W3SAuj8kHP3R7fWn ZsbkW2eNR5jxh9qqQoOSMD0/z1pLMRSyzJ8hGSp+bAGM9/oKpDe8QklkCxSNhgy524Bxke9I kzxPvtokVCPNIPY9f6kVT0FzsvxQCdBOqNt2nCseRhRkn65HH1qzp1qxJEUkRkK7tjHp044H +cVQimAtN5bKOuVPfOBn8P8AGmu4u1RPKw2wMrZIGT1H6n8qz5rsvnP/2Q== ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: Ben Charvet <bcharvet(at)bellsouth.net>
Subject: Torque tube bearings?
Hi All, I'm in the process of fabricating my control sticks and torque tube. I was planning to build them to the plans using bearings made of 1 inch tubing that I have reamed to be a smooth fit on the 7/8 in torque tube. I've noticed several web sites with pictures where the builder has used ball-bearings in manufactured bearing carriers for the mount of both the torque tube and the bellcrank for the elevator. I'd like a few opinions pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings, and also an idea where the ball bearings could be purchased. Thanks in advance for the input. Ben Charvet Mims, Fl Wing ribs built, fuselage sides joined ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: "walt evans" <wbeevans(at)verizon.net>
Subject: Re: Torque tube bearings?
Ben, I made them per the 1929 plans, and they work great! walt evans NX140DL ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ben Charvet" <bcharvet(at)bellsouth.net> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Torque tube bearings? > > Hi All, > > I'm in the process of fabricating my control sticks and torque tube. I > was planning to build them to the plans using bearings made of 1 inch > tubing that I have reamed to be a smooth fit on the 7/8 in torque tube. > I've noticed several web sites with pictures where the builder has used > ball-bearings in manufactured bearing carriers for the mount of both the > torque tube and the bellcrank for the elevator. I'd like a few > opinions pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings, and also > an idea where the ball bearings could be purchased. Thanks in advance > for the input. > > Ben Charvet > Mims, Fl > > Wing ribs built, fuselage sides joined > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Rcaprd(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 15, 2005
Subject: Re: Torque tube bearings?
In a message dated 8/15/2005 8:55:14 PM Central Standard Time, wbeevans(at)verizon.net writes: I'd like a few > opinions pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings Ben, I did mine the plans method, too. They are simple to build, inexpensive, light weight, and work just fine. Use 2 drops of oil, twice a year. Chuck G. NX770CG ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Mike Green" <mmml(at)bigpond.com>
Subject: Re: Torque tube bearings?
Date: Aug 16, 2005
Ben, I only just finnished mine two weeks ago and built em to plans. Nice and simple and lightweight. You'll hear on the list over and over again "build them light"! Mike Green Romsey Victoria AUSTRALIA ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ben Charvet" <bcharvet(at)bellsouth.net> Subject: Pietenpol-List: Torque tube bearings? > > Hi All, > > I'm in the process of fabricating my control sticks and torque tube. I > was planning to build them to the plans using bearings made of 1 inch > tubing that I have reamed to be a smooth fit on the 7/8 in torque tube. > I've noticed several web sites with pictures where the builder has used > ball-bearings in manufactured bearing carriers for the mount of both the > torque tube and the bellcrank for the elevator. I'd like a few opinions > pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings, and also an idea > where the ball bearings could be purchased. Thanks in advance for the > input. > > Ben Charvet > Mims, Fl > > Wing ribs built, fuselage sides joined > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 15, 2005
From: Galen Hutcheson <wacopitts(at)yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Torque tube bearings?
Ben, I built them with the tube bearings as in the plans. I welded a nut, drilled a hole and fitted a grease zerk on the bearing to make lubrication easier. These bearings are strong and light and work very well. Doc H --- Rcaprd(at)aol.com wrote: > In a message dated 8/15/2005 8:55:14 PM Central > Standard Time, > wbeevans(at)verizon.net writes: > I'd like a few > > opinions pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs > ball bearings > > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: Torque tube bearings?
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <Jack.Phillips(at)cardinal.com>
Ditto for me. I used ball bearing pulleys, but no ball bearings on the torque tube. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Rcaprd(at)aol.com Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Torque tube bearings? In a message dated 8/15/2005 8:55:14 PM Central Standard Time, wbeevans(at)verizon.net writes: I'd like a few > opinions pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings Ben, I did mine the plans method, too. They are simple to build, inexpensive, light weight, and work just fine. Use 2 drops of oil, twice a year. Chuck G. NX770CG ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: chris cummins <cccstandard(at)yahoo.com>
What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. Chris Cummins ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: RE: Prop
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: "Phillips, Jack" <Jack.Phillips(at)cardinal.com>
Chris, I've got a new Sensenich 72 x 40, which is supposed to be a climb prop for an A65. I get about 2000 rpm static out of it, and cannot get it to the redline (2300 RPM) in level flight with full throttle. I also have a St. Croix which was supposedly made for a Pietenpol and it is a 74 x 36. I haven't tried it yet, but intend to do so shortly. I am not impressed with my plane's ability to climb on a hot day with a heavy load. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris cummins Subject: What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. Chris Cummins ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: RE:
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
The word I have is 42 p and 72 length gives 2150 rpm 70 -71 mph at cruise 85-87 tops. ________________________________ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris cummins Subject: What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. Chris Cummins ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: RE: Prop
Date: Aug 16, 2005
I'm looking for anyone who is using an 80 hp Franklin to see what wooden prop they chose for their operations.So far I havn't had a good response.I have info on an 85 hp using a 72X43 but not sure if this is good for my app.Thanks. ________________________________
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Phillips, Jack Subject: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop Chris, I've got a new Sensenich 72 x 40, which is supposed to be a climb prop for an A65. I get about 2000 rpm static out of it, and cannot get it to the redline (2300 RPM) in level flight with full throttle. I also have a St. Croix which was supposedly made for a Pietenpol and it is a 74 x 36. I haven't tried it yet, but intend to do so shortly. I am not impressed with my plane's ability to climb on a hot day with a heavy load. Jack Phillips NX899JP -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris cummins Subject: What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. Chris Cummins ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Ed G." <flyboy_120(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: RE: Prop
Date: Aug 16, 2005
I have a 80 hp Franklin which is now a 75hp because I needed new pistons and couldn't find 7:1 compression replacements. I had to go with 6.3:1 which drops it to 75 hp. It's not in the air yet but I just bought my prop from Tennessee props. They recomended a 72 X 42. Since the engine is similar in displacement to the Continental A65 it makes sence to me that they would be the same..The Franklin puts out 65hp at about the same rpm as the Continental but is 75 or 80 hp at 2500 rpm depending on the compression ratio..Sensenich recomended a 72X43 but their price was out of my budget zone..I decide it would be better to error on the low side than to try to swing too much prop for the engine. The tennessee prop has a fairly wide blade so maybe that's where the difference is between the two recomendations..Like I said I haven't flown it yet but did do my homework..Ed Grentzer >From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop >Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2005 08:16:40 -0400 > >I'm looking for anyone who is using an 80 hp Franklin to see what wooden >prop they chose for their operations.So far I havn't had a good >response.I have info on an 85 hp using a 72X43 but not sure if this is >good for my app.Thanks. > > >________________________________ > >From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com >[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of >Phillips, Jack >Sent: August 16, 2005 8:10 AM >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop > > >Chris, > > >I've got a new Sensenich 72 x 40, which is supposed to be a climb prop >for an A65. I get about 2000 rpm static out of it, and cannot get it to >the redline (2300 RPM) in level flight with full throttle. I also have >a St. Croix which was supposedly made for a Pietenpol and it is a 74 x >36. I haven't tried it yet, but intend to do so shortly. I am not >impressed with my plane's ability to climb on a hot day with a heavy >load. > > >Jack Phillips > >NX899JP > > >-----Original Message----- >From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com >[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris >cummins >Sent: Tuesday, August 16, 2005 8:02 AM >To: Pietenpol-List Digest Server >Subject: > > >What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 >or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. > >Chris Cummins > > ________________________________________________________________________________
From: "Ed G." <flyboy_120(at)hotmail.com>
Subject: Torque tube bearings?
Date: Aug 16, 2005
Hi Ben..If you're building your control tube to plans useing 1020 or mild steel all is cool..But if your're useing 4130 there is one welding author who says you shouldn't braze 4130 because it can cause it to split..He recomends welding it instead..I learned this after brazing mine with no problems and I've talked to guys who have flying Piets with brazed 4130..But "THEY" say you shouldn't as it can weaken the metal...Ed Grentzer >From: Ben Charvet <bcharvet(at)bellsouth.net> >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: Torque tube bearings? >Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 21:16:31 -0400 > > >Hi All, > >I'm in the process of fabricating my control sticks and torque tube. I was >planning to build them to the plans using bearings made of 1 inch tubing >that I have reamed to be a smooth fit on the 7/8 in torque tube. I've >noticed several web sites with pictures where the builder has used >ball-bearings in manufactured bearing carriers for the mount of both the >torque tube and the bellcrank for the elevator. I'd like a few opinions >pro/con of doing it Bernard's way, vs ball bearings, and also an idea where >the ball bearings could be purchased. Thanks in advance for the input. > >Ben Charvet >Mims, Fl > >Wing ribs built, fuselage sides joined > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: RE: Prop
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca
Thanks very much for the return info Ed,I appreciate it. -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Ed G. Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop I have a 80 hp Franklin which is now a 75hp because I needed new pistons and couldn't find 7:1 compression replacements. I had to go with 6.3:1 which drops it to 75 hp. It's not in the air yet but I just bought my prop from Tennessee props. They recomended a 72 X 42. Since the engine is similar in displacement to the Continental A65 it makes sence to me that they would be the same..The Franklin puts out 65hp at about the same rpm as the Continental but is 75 or 80 hp at 2500 rpm depending on the compression ratio..Sensenich recomended a 72X43 but their price was out of my budget zone..I decide it would be better to error on the low side than to try to swing too much prop for the engine. The tennessee prop has a fairly wide blade so maybe that's where the difference is between the two recomendations..Like I said I haven't flown it yet but did do my homework..Ed Grentzer >From: harvey.rule(at)bell.ca >Reply-To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop >Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2005 08:16:40 -0400 > >I'm looking for anyone who is using an 80 hp Franklin to see what wooden >prop they chose for their operations.So far I havn't had a good >response.I have info on an 85 hp using a 72X43 but not sure if this is >good for my app.Thanks. > > >________________________________ > >From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com >[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of >Phillips, Jack >Sent: August 16, 2005 8:10 AM >To: pietenpol-list(at)matronics.com >Subject: Pietenpol-List: RE: Prop > > >Chris, > > >I've got a new Sensenich 72 x 40, which is supposed to be a climb prop >for an A65. I get about 2000 rpm static out of it, and cannot get it to >the redline (2300 RPM) in level flight with full throttle. I also have >a St. Croix which was supposedly made for a Pietenpol and it is a 74 x >36. I haven't tried it yet, but intend to do so shortly. I am not >impressed with my plane's ability to climb on a hot day with a heavy >load. > > >Jack Phillips > >NX899JP > > >-----Original Message----- >From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com >[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of chris >cummins >Sent: Tuesday, August 16, 2005 8:02 AM >To: Pietenpol-List Digest Server >Subject: > > >What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 >or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. > >Chris Cummins > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: Michael D Cuy <Michael.D.Cuy(at)grc.nasa.gov>
Subject: 65 hp props
Chris- I use a wood 72-42 and it gives good climb performance and about a 72 mph cruise speed at 2150 rpm. Mike C. >What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or >42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. >Chris Cummins > >__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: Steve Ruse <steve(at)wotelectronics.com>
Subject: Re: 65 hp props
I have two props for my A-75. One is a 68x38, the other is a 68x40. I get about 3,350rpm static with the 68x40, and about 50 more with the 68x38. The 68x40 gives me about 70mph in cruise (~2,500rpm), the 68x38 gives me about 65mph. Solo climb is fair even on a hot day, maybe 400fpm. With two people it drops to probably 200-250. I don't have a VSI, so those are estimated numbers. Takeoff is very short, particularly with a headwind of anything more than 8-10mph. Steve Ruse N6383J - Dallas, TX & Norman, OK Quoting Michael D Cuy : > > > Chris- I use a wood 72-42 and it gives good climb performance and about a > 72 mph cruise speed at 2150 rpm. > > Mike C. > > >> What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a >> 40 or 42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. >> Chris Cummins >> >> __________________________________________________ > > ________________________________________________________________________________
Subject: 65 hp props
Date: Aug 16, 2005
From: "Steve Eldredge" <steve(at)byu.edu>
I carved my own 72-42 using aa a pattern what was left of a Sensenich on my A-65. I now get 80 mph and slightly longer takeoff rolls. I think it is really performing like a 72-44. Stevee -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael D Cuy Subject: Pietenpol-List: 65 hp props Chris- I use a wood 72-42 and it gives good climb performance and about a 72 mph cruise speed at 2150 rpm. Mike C. >What pitch prop are you running with an A65 ? I am leaning towards a 40 or >42. Not sure which one will give me the RPM I desire. >Chris Cummins > >__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
From: Isablcorky(at)aol.com
Date: Aug 16, 2005
Subject: Re: 65 hp props
Mr. Steve, I had an A-65 Pietenpol and the only way I could have seen 80MPH was to have had someone pushing, flying straight down and just lieing about it. Would



August 03, 2005 - August 16, 2005

Pietenpol-Archive.digest.vol-ep