---------------------------------------------------------- AeroElectric-List Digest Archive --- Total Messages Posted Thu 06/04/09: 21 ---------------------------------------------------------- Today's Message Index: ---------------------- 1. 04:42 AM - Re: Stereo to Mono (j. davis) 2. 05:20 AM - Re: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) (Michael W Stewart) 3. 06:10 AM - [Probable SPAM] Re: Lightweight Aux Battery? (sonex293) 4. 06:11 AM - Re: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) (Speedy11@aol.com) 5. 10:08 AM - Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? (EdgePerformance) 6. 11:04 AM - Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? (Matt Prather) 7. 11:31 AM - Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise (EdgePerformance) 8. 12:31 PM - Re: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise (Hinde, Frank George (Corvallis)) 9. 12:57 PM - Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise (EdgePerformance) 10. 12:58 PM - Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? (EdgePerformance) 11. 01:44 PM - Re: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise (Matt Prather) 12. 02:02 PM - Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving n (EdgePerformance) 13. 02:42 PM - Re: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise (Ian) 14. 03:05 PM - Fw: Jabiru 3300 starter (jaybannist@cs.com) 15. 03:46 PM - Re: Fw: Jabiru 3300 starter (Ken) 16. 04:38 PM - Re: Fw: Jabiru 3300 starter (jaybannist@cs.com) 17. 06:24 PM - Re: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) (Ed Anderson) 18. 06:26 PM - Jabiru 3300 starter (Rodney Dunham) 19. 06:34 PM - Re: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) (Ed Anderson) 20. 06:54 PM - Re: Jabiru 3300 starter (jaybannist@cs.com) 21. 10:44 PM - Re: Re: Stereo to Mono (Chris Hand) ________________________________ Message 1 _____________________________________ Time: 04:42:35 AM PST US From: "j. davis" Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Stereo to Mono bakerocb@cox.net wrote: > > 5/30/2009 > > Hello Don, You wrote: "I want to install a plug in my panel to plug my > stereo Walkman into but my intercom (PM1000 II) is mono." > > Here is one way to solve that problem -- > > http://www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2102669 > > This adapter will put the output of a mono jack on your panel into both > sides of your stereo Walkman. > Greetings... I'm a bit confused on this subject after reading this thread and similar threads in other lists. I have the same objective: plug my iPod into my Xcom 760's audio in. The Xcom's documentation says to use a 3.5mm mono jack in combination with a stereo-to-mono adapter plug. My thought was to eliminate the adapter plug by simply jumping the left/right channel pins on the jack itself, and this does indeed give [seemingly] good results with both channels clearly heard. But lately I've read that this may damage the iPod, and I should be using resistors/capacitors and/or the adaptor, as though the adaptor had some components built into it's small, moulded little case. I'm relatively sure that this adaptor plug is doing nothing but physically joining the left and right channels from the stereo plug into a single tip on the mono plug, and is in no way electronically 'magic'. Not wanting to damage my iPod, I'd be interested to know the science behind all the posts saying 'don't do it' (wire the left and right together), use the adaptor plug. Thanks! -- Regards, J. Sonex C-FJNJ +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | J. Davis, M.Sc. | (computer science) | | *NIX consulting, SysAdmin | email: jd at lawsonimaging.ca | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ and now... Deep Thought #39, by Jack Handy Probably the earliest flyswatters were nothing more than some sort of striking surface attached to the end of a long stick. ________________________________ Message 2 _____________________________________ Time: 05:20:28 AM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) From: Michael W Stewart R3JlYXQgR3JlYXQgc3RvcnkgRWQuIFRoYW5rIHlvdSBmb3Igc2hhcmluZy4NCg0KT24gdGhlIGNo ZWNrbGlzdCB0aGluZywgT25lIHRoaW5nIEkgZGlkIHdhcyBzdGFydCB3aXRoIHRoZSBwcmVtaXNl IHRoYXQgYW55DQppZGlvdCBzaG91bGQgYmUgYWJsZSB0byBqdW1wIGluIG15IGFpcnBsYW5lIGFu ZCBmbHkgaXQuIFRoaXMgY2FuIGJlIGEgdGFsbA0Kb3JkZXIgYXMgc29tZSBvZiBteSBmbHlpbmcg YnVkZGllcyBhcmUgZXZlbiBiaWdnZXIgaWRpb3RzIHRoYW4gbWUuDQoNClRvIHRlc3QgbXkgY2hl Y2sgbGlzdHMsIEkgbGV0IHNldmVyYWwgcGlsb3RzIGp1bXAgaW4gbXkgcGxhbmUgYW5kIHRha2Ug aXQNCmZvciBhIHJpZGUuIE5lZWRsZXNzIHRvIHNheSwgbXkgY2hlY2sgbGlzdCwgYW5kIGNvY2tw aXQgbm9tZW5jbGF0dXJlLCB3ZW50DQp0aHJvdWdoIHF1aXRlIGEgZmV3IGFkZGl0aW9ucywgYW5k IHZlcnkgZ29vZCBvbmVzLiBGcm9tIHRoZSBtb21lbnQgdGhleQ0KY2xpbWIgaW4sIHRoZWlyIGZh Y2VzIGNvbnRvcnQgYW5kIHRoZXkgZmlzaCBhbmQgZmluZCwgYXNraW5nIHF1ZXN0aW9ucyB0aGF0 DQpwb2ludGVkIHRvIGlzc3Vlcy4gSW4gdGhlIGhlYXQgb2YgYmF0dGxlLCB5b3UgZG9udCB3YW50 IHRvIGhhdmUgdG8gcmVtZW1iZXINCmhvdyB0aGluZ3Mvc3lzdGVtcyB3b3JrLCB0aGlzIHN3aXRj aCB0byB0aGF0IHBvc2l0aW9ucyBmb3IgdGhpcyB0aGluZyB0bw0KaGFwcGVuIGV0Yy4uIFRyeWlu ZyB0byBtYWtlIHRoZSBhY3Rpdml0aWVzIGlkaW90IHByb29mIGlzIGltcG9ydGFudCB0byBtZSwN CmNhdXNlIEkgY2FuIHR1cm4gaW50byBhIHJlYWwgaWRpb3Qgb2Z0ZW4sIGVzcGVjaWFsbHkgd2hl biB0aGluZ3MgZ28gYXdyeSwNCm15IGlkaW90IGZhY3RvciBpbmNyZWFzZXMgZHJhbWF0aWNhbGx5 LiBJIGhhdmUgaGFkIG1hbnkgb3Bwb3J0dW5pdGllcyB0bw0KcHJvdmUgdGhpcyB0byBteXNlbGYg b3ZlciBteSB0aG91c2FuZHMgb2YgUlYgZmx5aW5nIGhvdXJzLg0KDQpXaGlsZSB0aGlzIHRlY2hu aXF1ZSBtYXkgbm90IGhhdmUgaWRlbnRpZmllZCB0aGlzIGl0ZW0sIGl0IG1pZ2h0IGlkZW50aWZ5 DQpvdGhlcnMuIEV2ZXJ5IHF1ZXN0aW9uIGZyb20gYW5vdGhlciBwaWxvdCB3aG8gaGFzIHRvIGdl dCBpbiBpdCBhbmQgZ2V0IGFpcg0KYm9ybiwgbWVhbnMgc29tZSBjb21wbGV4aXR5IG9yIGFyZWEg b2YgY29uZnVzaW9uIHRoYXQgaXMgYSBjYW5kaWRhdGUgZm9yDQphZGRyZXNzaW5nLg0KDQpBbHNv IHNpbmNlIEkgcmVseSBvbiBteSBlbGVjdHJpY2FsIHN5c3RlbSBoZWF2aWx5KHRvbyBtdWNoIGdl ZSB3aGl6IHN0dWZmKSwNCndoZW4gSW0gemlwcGluZyBhbG9uZyBmcm9tIEEgdG8gQiwgSSBmYWls IHRoaW5ncyBqdXN0IHRvIHZlcmlmeSBleHBlY3RlZA0KYmVoYXZpb3IuIFVzdWFsbHkgaXRzIGp1 c3QgZW50ZXJ0YWlubWVudCBmb3IgbWUgb24gbXkgY3Jvc3MgY291bnRyaWVzLCBidXQNCm1vc3Rs eSBpcyB2ZXJpZmllcyB0aGUgZmFpbCBvdmVycyB3b3JrIGFzIGRlc2lnbmVkLiBUaGlua2luZyBv ZiBmYWlsdXJlDQptb2RlcyBjYW4gb2NjdXB5IHRob3NlIG11bmRhbmUgY3Jvc3MgY291bnRyaWVz IGFzIHdlbGwuDQoNCkp1c3QgYSBmZXcgdGhvdWdodHMgZm9yIHlvdSBhbmQgdGhhbmtzIGZvciB0 aGUgZ3JlYXQgd3JpdGUgdXAgRWQuDQpCZXN0LA0KTWlrZSwNCg0KDQoNCg0KICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgIA0KICBGcm9tOiAgICAgICAiRWQgQW5kZXJzb24iIDxlYW5kZXJzb25AY2Fyb2xpbmEucnIu Y29tPiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICBUbzogICAgICAgICA8 YWVyb2VsZWN0cmljLWxpc3RAbWF0cm9uaWNzLmNvbT4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg IA0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICBEYXRlOiAgICAgICAwNi8wMy8yMDA5IDA0OjMwIFBNICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0K ICBTdWJqZWN0OiAgICBBZXJvRWxlY3RyaWMtTGlzdDogRXNzZW50aWFsIEluY2lkZW50IC0gQWxt b3N0IChMb25nKSAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICBTZW50IGJ5OiAgICBvd25lci1h ZXJvZWxlY3RyaWMtbGlzdC1zZXJ2ZXJAbWF0cm9uaWNzLmNvbSAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCkl0IHdhcyBzdWdnZXN0ZWQgYnkgb25lIG9mIHRoZSBh ZXJvZWxlY3RyaWMgbGlzdCBtZW1iZXJzLCBTYW0gSG9za2lucywNCnRoYXQgdGhlIGZvbGxvd2lu ZyByZXBvcnQgb2YgYW4gaW5jaWRlbnQgSSBoYWQgb24gYSByZWNlbnQgdHJpcCBiZSBwb3N0ZWQN CnRvIHRoZSBBZXJvRWxlY3RyaWMgbGlzdCBmb3Igb2J2aW91cyByZWFzb25zIOKAkyBvbmNlIHlv dSByZWFkIGl0Lg0KDQogSSBoYXZlIGFuIGFsbC1lbGVjdHJpYyBSdi02QSB3aXRoIG92ZXIgMTAg eWVhcnMgYW5kIGNsb3NlIHRvIDUwMCBob3VycyBvbg0KaXQuICBJIGJhc2VkIHRoZSBlbGVjdHJp Y2FsIHN5c3RlbSByb3VnaGx5IG9uZSBvZiBCb2LigJlzIGV4Y2VsbGVudCBkZXNpZ25zLg0KSXQg aW5pdGlhbGx5IGhhZCBvbmUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvciBhbmQgdHdvIGJhdHRlcmllcywgYnV0IHJlbW92 ZWQgdGhlIHNlY29uZA0KYmF0dGVyeSBhcHByb3ggNSB5ZWFycyBhZ28g4oCTIGJ1dCwgSSBkaWQg bWFrZSBvbmUgbW9kaWZpY2F0aW9uIHRvIHRoZQ0KZGVzaWduIHRoYXQgSSBhbG1vc3QgaGFkIGNh dXNlIHRvIHJlZ3JldC4NCg0KIFNvIG5lZWRsZXNzIHRvIHNheSwgYnV0IEkgd2lsbCwgIHJlc3Bv bnNpYmlsaXR5IGZvciBkZXNpZ24gYW5kIGluY2lkZW50IGlzDQp0b3RhbGx5IG1pbmUuDQoNCkJ1 dCwgdG8gZ2V0IG9uIHdpdGggdGhlIHRhbGUNCg0KDQpPbmUgdGhlIHdheSB0byBUZXhhcyBJIGhh ZCBhbiBpbmNpZGVudCB0aGF0IGVuZGVkIHVwIGluIHdpdGggbWUgYW5kDQphaXJjcmFmdCBtYWtp bmcgYSA3IG1pbGUgZW5naW5lLW91dCBnbGlkZSBpbnRvIENyYWlnIEZpZWxkIChTZWxtYSwNCkFs YWJhbWEpLiAgTk8hICBJdCB3YXMgbm90IGZhdWx0IG9mIHRoZSBlbmdpbmUgb3IgZXZlbiB0aGUg c3Vic3lzdGVtcy4NCkJ1dCwgdGhlIGNvbXBsZXRlIGFuc3dlciBpcyBub3QgcHJvdmlkZWQgdW50 aWwgYWZ0ZXIgbXkgbGl0YW55IG9mIHRoZQ0KY29uZGl0aW9ucyBhbmQgc3ltcHRvbXMg4oCTIGNh biB5b3UgZmlndXJlIGl0IG91dD8NCg0KSSB0b29rIG9mZiBvbiBUaHVyc2RheSAoMjggTWF5IDIw MDkpIEFNIGZyb20gTm9ydGggQ2Fyb2xpbmEgcGxhbm5pbmcgb24NCnN0b3BwaW5nIGluIE1pc3Np c3NpcHBpIHRvIGpvaW4gdXAgd2l0aCB0d28gZnJpZW5kcy4gIEFmdGVyIHNwZW5kaW5nIHRoZQ0K bmlnaHQgdGhlcmUsIHdlIGFsbCB0aHJlZSB3b3VsZCB0aGVuIGhlYWQgZm9yIFRleGFzLiAgQnV0 LCB0aGUgd2VhdGhlciAoYXMNCnlvdSBhcmUgYXdhcmUpIGhhcyBiZWVuIGxheWluZyBvdmVyIHRo ZSBzb3V0aGVhc3QgZm9yIGRheXMgd2l0aCByYWluIGFuZA0KbW9yZSByYWluIOKAkyBidXQgSSBs YXVuY2hlZCBpbnRvIGl0IGFueXdheSBhcyBwYXN0IEF0bGFudGEsIEdBIHRoaW5ncyB3ZXJlDQpm b3JlY2FzdCB0byBpbXByb3ZlLi4NCg0KT3RoZXIgdGhhbiBkb2RnaW5nIGxpbmVzIG9mIGNsb3Vk cyBhbmQgYSBiaXQgb2Ygc2N1ZCBydW5uaW5nLCBidXQgbm90IG11Y2gsDQpJIGxhbmRlZCBhdCBB bGV4YW5kcmlhIENpdHkgdG8gdGhlIHNvdXRod2VzdCBvZiBBdGxhbnRhLCBHQSB0byB0YWtlIG9u DQpmdWVsLiAgSSB0aGVuIGNsaW1iZWQgYmFjayBpbiBhbmQgZmlyZSBpdCB1cCBhbmQgdG9vayBv ZmYuDQoNCkkgbm90aWNlZCB0aGF0IGR1cmluZyBjbGltYi1vdXQgdGhlIGVuZ2luZSB3b3VsZCBv Y2Nhc2lvbmFsbHkgbWlzcyBhbmQNCnRob3VnaHQgdGhlIGZ1ZWwgbWlnaHQgaGF2ZSBoYWQgYSBi aXQgb2Ygd2F0ZXIgaW4gaXQsIGJ1dCB3YXMgbm90IHJlYWxseQ0KY29uY2VybmVkLiAgU28gSSBm bHkgb24gZm9yIGFwcHJveCBhbm90aGVyIDQ1IG1pbnV0ZXMgYW5kIGhhZCBqdXN0IHBhc3NlZA0K U2VsbWEsIEFsYWJhbWEgYW5kIG9sZCBDcmFpZyBBaXIgRm9yY2UgYmFzZSwgYW5kIHR1cm5lZCB3 ZXN0IHRvd2FyZA0KTWlzc2lzc2lwcGksIHdoZW4gbW9yZSBzeW1wdG9tcyBiZWdhbiB0byBvY2N1 ci4NCg0KSXQgc3RhcnRlZCB0byBhY3QgbGlrZSBhIGNhc2Ugb2YgU0FHIChmb3VsZWQgc3Bhcmsg cGx1Z3MpIHdoZXJlIHRoZSBycG0NCndpbGwgZHJvcCBhIGJpdCDigJMgbm90IGRhbmdlcm91cyAt IGp1c3QgbmVydmUgcmFja2luZy4gIEJ1dCwgc2hvcnRseSB0aGluZ3MNCmJlZ2FuIHRvIGdvIGJl eW9uZCB0aGUgU0FHIHN5bXB0b21zLCBzbyBJIHRob3VnaCBJIG1pZ2h0IGhhdmUgYW4gaW5qZWN0 b3INCnByb2JsZW0gKGxpa2Ugb25lIHN0aWNraW5nIG9wZW4gb3Igbm90IG9wZW5pbmcgYXQgYWxs KS4gIFNpbmNlIG91cg0KaW5qZWN0b3JzIGFyZSBpbiBwYWlycywgSSB0cmllZCB0dXJuaW5nIG9u ZSBwYWlyIG9mZiAgZmlndXJpbmcgaWYgdGhpbmdzDQpnb3QgYmV0dGVyLCB0aGVuIHRoYXQgcGFp ciBtaWdodCBoYXZlIGEgYmFkIGluamVjdG9yLg0KDQpTbyBJIHR1cm5lZCBvZmYgb25lIHBhaXIg YW5kIHN1cmUgZW5vdWdoIHRoZSBzeW1wdG9tcyBhYmF0ZWQgYSBiaXQgKG1vcmUgb24NCnRoaXMg bGF0ZXIpIHNvIEkgZmlndXJlZCBJIGhhZCBhIGJhZCBpbmplY3RvciBpbiB0aGF0IHBhaXIuICBU byBiZSBjZXJ0YWluDQpJIHR1cm5lZCB0aGlzIOKAnGJhZOKAnSBwYWlyIGJhY2sgb24gYW5kIHR1 cm4gb2ZmIHRoZSDigJxnb29k4oCdIHBhaXIgZXhwZWN0aW5nIHRoZQ0Kc3ltcHRvbXMgdG8gcmVh bGx5IGdldCBiYWQgYXMgSSB3b3VsZCBub3cgYmUgcnVubmluZyBvbiBvbmx5IHRoZSDigJxiYWTi gJ0gcGFpcg0K4oCTIG11Y2ggdG8gbXkgc3VycHJpc2Ugd2hlbiBJIHR1cm5lZCBvZmYgdGhlIOKA nGdvb2TigJ0gcGFpciDigJMgdGhlIHN5bXB0b21zIGFsc28NCmFiYXRlZC4gIFNvIHRoYXQgaW5k aWNhdGVkIGl0IHdhcyBub3QgYW4gaW5qZWN0b3IgcHJvYmxlbSDigJMgYnV0IHdoYXQ/DQoNCkFi b3V0IHRoaXMgdGltZSwgSSBkZWNpZGVkIHRvIHR1cm4gdGhlIGFpcmNyYWZ0IGJhY2sgYXJvdW5k IHRvd2FyZCBDcmFpZw0KRmllbGQgYW5kIGRvZGdpbmcgY2xvdWRzIGhlYWRlZCBiYWNrIHdpdGgg dGhlIGVuZ2luZSBwcm9ncmVzc2l2ZWx5IGdldHRpbmcNCndvcnN0LiBJdCBhcHBlYXJlZCB0byBi ZSBhIGZ1ZWwgcHJvYmxlbSAoYW5kIHdoaWxlIHRoYXQgaXMgdWx0aW1hdGVseSB0aGUNCnN1YnN5 c3RlbSBhZmZlY3RlZCAtIGl0IHdhcyBub3QgdGhlIHJvb3QgY2F1c2UpLiAgVGhlIGZ1ZWwgcHJl c3N1cmUgd2FzDQpyYW5naW5nIGZyb20gemVybyB0byA4MCBwc2ksIG90aGVyIGVsZWN0cmljYWwg dGhpbmdzIHdlcmUgYWxzbyBtaXNiZWhhdmluZy4NCkkgY2hlY2sgdGhlIHZvbHRtZXRlciB0aGlu a2luZyBwZXJoYXBzIHRoZSBhbHRlcm5hdG9yIGhhZCBkaWVkIOKAkyBidXQgaXQNCnNob3dlZCAx NCB2b2x0cy4gIFNvIGJhY2sgdG8gdGhlIGZ1ZWwgc3lzdGVtLg0KDQogIEZpbmFsbHksIHRoZSBl bmdpbmUganVzdCBzdG9wcyB3aXRoIHRoZSBwcm9wIHN0YW5kaW5nIHN0aWxsIC0gbGlrZSBhIGhv b2QNCm9ybmFtZW50LCBJ4oCZbSBhdCBhcm91bmQgNDUwMC01MDAwIE1TTCBhdCB0aGlzIHBvaW50 IGhhdmluZyBsb3N0IHNvbWUNCmFsdGl0dWRlIGRvZGdpbmcgYSBjbG91ZCAoZ29vZCBvbGQgR1BT IGp1c3Qga2VwdCBwb2ludGluZyB0byBDcmFpZyBGaWVsZCkuDQpBdCB0aGF0IHRpbWUgSSBhbSA2 LTcgbWlsZXMgb3V0IGZyb20gQ3JhaWcgRmllbGQgYXQgNDUwMCBtc2wgd2l0aCBhIHN0b3BwZWQN CnByb3AsIGEgY3JpcHBsZWQgc2VhdCBjdXNoaW9uIGFuZCBhIGRyeSBtb3V0aC4gIFllcywgSeKA mXZlIGJlZW4gdGhlcmUNCmJlZm9yZSwgYnV0IEkgZG9u4oCZdCB0aGluayB5b3UgZXZlciBnZXQg 4oCcdXNl4oCdIHRvIGl0LiAgSSByZWNhbGxlZCB0aGlua2luZw0K4oCT4oCc4oCmIHRoaW5ncyBq dXN0IGNhbuKAmXQgZ2V0IHdvcnN04oCm4oCdICAgd2hlbiB0aGV5IHZlcnkgc2hvcnRseSBhbmQg c3VkZGVubHkgLQ0KZGlkLg0KDQpJIGtleWVkIHRoZSByYWRpbyBhbmQgbWFkZSBhIGNhbGwgdG8g Q3JhaWcgRmllbGQgYXQgNCBtaWxlcyBvbiB0aGUgR1BTIGJ1dA0KYmVmb3JlIEkgY291bGQgZ2V0 IHRoZWlyIHJlcGx5LCBJIGhlYXJkIGEg4oCcQ0xBTkvigJ0gKHdpdGhvdXQgdGhlIGVuZ2luZQ0K cnVubmluZyB5b3UgY2FuIGhlYXIgdGhpbmdzIGxpa2UgdGhhdCkgIGxpa2UgYSByZWxheSBzcHJp bmdpbmcgb3BlbiAoaXQNCndhcykgYW5kIHRoZSBlbnRpcmUgcGFuZWwgZ29lcyBkZWFkISEhISAg IE5vIHJhZGlvLCBubyBlbmdpbmUgaW5zdHJ1bWVudHMsDQpub3QgZXZlbiBhIHN0aW5raW5nIExF RCB3YXMgbGl0IOKAkyBvbmx5IHRoZSBiYXR0ZXJ5IHBvd2VyZWQgR1BTLiAgQ2FuIHlvdQ0Kc3Bl bGwg4oCcdG90YWwgZWxlY3RyaWNhbCBmYWlsdXJlP+KAnSAgVGFsayBhYm91dCBhIGxvbmVseSBm ZWVsaW5nIOKAkyBhbWF6aW5nDQpob3cgY29tZm9ydGluZyBoYXZpbmcgbGlnaHRzIG9uIGFuZCBy YWRpbyDigJMgeW91IGNvdWxkIGFsbW9zdCBjb252aW5jZQ0KeW91cnNlbGYgdGhpcyB3YXMganVz dCBhIHByYWN0aWNlIGVuZ2luZS1vdXQgbGFuZGluZywgYnV0IG5vdCB3aGVuIHRoZQ0KcGFuZWwg Z29lcyBkYXJrLiBObyBlbmdpbmUgZ2F1Z2VzLCBubyByYWRpbywgbmFkYSENCg0KV2VsbCBub3Qg YmVpbmcgb25lIGluY2xpbmVkIHRvIHBhbmljIChidXQgSSBzZXJpb3VzbHkgY29uc2lkZXJlZCBp dCBmb3IgYQ0KbW9tZW50IHs6PikpLCBJIGNvbnRpbnVlZCB0b3dhcmQgQ3JhaWcgZmllbGQg4oCT IEkgbWVhbiBsaWtlIHRoZXJlIHdlcmUgbG90cw0Kb2Ygb3RoZXIgYWx0ZXJuYXRpdmVzLiAgV2Vs bCBPbmNlIGFnYWluIEkgZm91bmQgbXlzZWxmIGluIHRoZSDigJxmb3J0dW5hdGUNCnBvc2l0aW9u 4oCdIG9mIGJlaW5nIHRvbyBoaWdoLCB0b28gbXVjaCBhbHRpdHVkZS4gU28gSSBwdXQgaW4gNDAg ZGVncyBvZg0KZmxhcHMgdG8gc3RlZXBlbiBteSByYXRlIG9mIGRlc2NlbnQuIEJ1dCwgdGhlbiBJ IGRlY2lkZWQgdGhpcyB0aW1lIHRoYXQNCnJhdGhlciB0aGFuIGRvIHRoZSAzNjAgSSBoYWQgZG9u ZSBvbiBhIHByZXZpb3VzIEluY2lkZW50IHRvIGxvc2UNCuKAnGV4Y2Vzc2l2ZeKAnSBhbHRpdHVk ZSwgSSB3b3VsZCB0cnkgdG8gZ2xpZGUgLSBhIG1vcmUgb3IgbGVzcyAtIHJlZ3VsYXINCnRyYWZm aWMgcGF0dGVybi4NCg0KSG93ZXZlciwgSSBuZWdsZWN0ZWQgdG8gcmVtZW1iZXIgdG8gcmV0cmFj dCB0aGUgZmxhcHMuICBTbyBJIGZvdW5kIG15c2VsZg0Kb24gdGhlIGRvd253aW5kIGFyb3VuZCBt aWQtZmllbGQgYXQgcGF0dGVybiBhbHRpdHVkZSAod2hpY2ggZmVsdCBub3JtYWwpDQp1bnRpbCBJ IHN1ZGRlbmx5IHJlYWxpemVkIHRoYXQgeW91IENBTiBOT1QgbWFpbnRhaW4gdGhhdCBwYXR0ZXJu IGFsdGl0dWRlDQp3aXRob3V0IGFuIGVuZ2luZSEhISAgKGFuZCBwYXJ0aWN1bGFybHkgd2l0aCA0 MCBkZWcgb2YgZmxhcHMgZGVwbG95ZWQg4oCTDQpmbGFwcyBhbmQgdHJpbSBhcmUgbWFudWFsKSBE dWghDQoNCkkga25ldyBJIGNvdWxkIG5ldmVyIG1ha2UgaXQgdG8gdGhlIGZhciBlbmQgb2YgdGhl IHJ1bndheSBiZWZvcmUgdHVybmluZw0KYmFzZSAodG93YXJkIHRoZSBydW53YXkpIGFuZCBJIHdh cyBsb3NpbmcgYWx0aXR1ZGUgYXQgdGhlIHJhdGUgb2YgNDAwLTUwMA0KZnBtLCBzbyBJIHN0YXJ0 ZWQgbXkgdHVybiBpbW1lZGlhdGVseS4gICBUbyBtYWtlIG1hdHRlcnMgYSBiaXQgd29yc3QgLSBJ DQpoYWQgYmVlbiBwYXJhbGxlbGluZyB0aGUgcnVud2F5IG9uIHRoZSBkb3dud2luZCBsZWcgYSBi aXQgdG9vIGNsb3NlIGluIOKAkw0KbXVzdCBoYXZlIGJlZW4gdGhlIGNvbWZvcnRpbmcgZmVlbGlu ZyBvZiBiZWluZyBjbG9zZSB0byBzYWZldHkuICBUaGlzDQpwb3NpdGlvbiBuYXR1cmFsbHkgcmVx dWlyZWQgYSB0aWdodGVyIHR1cm4gYW5kIGFzIEkgdHVybmVkIEkgc2F3IEkgd2FzDQpsaWtlbHkg dG8gb3ZlcnNob290ICB0aGUgcnVud2F5IGFuZCBsYW5kIGluIHRoZSBncmFzcy4gU28gSSB0aG91 Z2ggSSBuZWVkDQp0byBzdGVlcGVuIHRoaXMgdHVybiBmdXJ0aGVyIChZZXAhICBDT0ZGSU4gQ09S TkVSIHdhcyBjYWxsaW5nKSwgYnV0DQpmb3J0dW5hdGVseSBnbGFuY2VkIGF0IG15IGFpcnNwZWVk IGluZGljYXRvciAtIHRvIHNlZSBpdCBvbmx5IHJlZ2lzdGVyaW5nDQo4MCBNUEggYW5kIG15IHJh dGUgb2YgZGVzY2VudCAobm9ybWFsbHkgNDAwLTUwMCBmZWV0IHBlciBtaW51dGUpIHVwIHRvIG92 ZXINCjEwMDAgZmVldCBwZXIgbWludXRlLiBUaGUgc2VhdCBjdXNoaW9uIHN1ZGRlbmx5IHZhbmlz aGVkIGZyb20gdGhpcw0KdW5pdmVyc2UuDQoNCiAgQnV0IHRoZSBSRUFMIGRhbmdlciBpbiB0aGlz IHNpdHVhdGlvbiwgYXMgeW91IGFsbCBrbm93LCBpcyB5b3VyIGFpcnNwZWVkDQpnZXRzIGxvdywg eW91IGFyZSBpbiBhIHN0ZWVwIGJhbmsgd2hpY2ggZ3JlYXRseSByYWlzZXMgdGhlIHN0YWxsIHNw ZWVkICAtDQptZWFuaW5nIGF0IDgwIG1waCB5b3UgYXJlIGNsb3NlIHRvIGEgc3RhbGwgaW4gYSBz dGVlcCB0dXJuIHdoaWxlIHlvdXIgYXJlDQpub3QgaW4gc3RyYWlnaHQgYW5kIGxldmVsLiAgU28g SSBpbW1lZGlhdGVseSBzdHJhaWdodGVuIG91dCBvZiB0aGUgdHVybiDigJMNCnRoZSBsaXR0bGUg dm9pY2Ugc2F5aW5nIOKAnGJldHRlciB0byBsYW5kIGluIHRoZSBncmFzcyB0aGFuIGdldCB0aGVp cg0KY29uY3JldGUgcnVud2F5IGFsbCBtZXNzZWQgdXDigJ0uICBTbyB0aGUgaW1tZWRpYXRlIGRh bmdlciBvZiBhIHN0YWxsIHdhcw0KYWR2ZXJ0ZWQsIGJ1dCBJIHdhcyBzdGlsbCBwb2ludGVkIHRv d2FyZCB0aGUgZ3JvdW5kIHdpdGggYSBzaW5rIHJhdGUgdHdpY2UNCmFzIGhpZ2ggYXMgbm9ybWFs IChhbmQgSeKAmXZlIG1hbmFnZSBhIGZldyBoYXJkIGxhbmRpbmdzIGV2ZW4gd2l0aCBhIG5vcm1h bA0Kc2luayByYXRlKS4gIEZvcnR1bmF0ZWx5LCB0aGUgcnVud2F5IHdhcyBub3cgdW5kZXIgbXkg bm9zZSByYXRoZXIgdGhhbg0KZ3Jhc3MuDQoNClRoZSBoYXJkZXN0IHRoaW5nIHRvIGRvIHdoZW4g eW91IGFyZSBzaW5raW5nIGF0IGEgMTAwMCBmcG0gYSBjb3VwbGUgaHVuZHJlZA0KZmVldCBhYm92 ZSB0aGUgZ3JvdW5kICh3aXRoIHlvdXIgbm9zZSBhbHJlYWR5IHBvaW50ZWQgYXQgdGhlIGdyb3Vu ZCkgaXMgdG8NCnB1c2ggdGhlIHN0aWNrIGZvcndhcmQgc3RlZXBpbmcgdGhlIGRpdmUgZXZlbiBt b3JlLiAgQnV0LCBJIG1hbmFnZSB0byBkbw0KdGhhdCBhbmQgcGlja2VkIGVub3VnaCBhaXIgc3Bl ZWQgYW5kIGVuZXJneSB0byBmbGFpciB0byBhIG5pY2UgdG91Y2ggZG93biDigJMNCm5vdCBldmVu IGEgYnVtcC4gIEnigJl2ZSBhbHdheXMgYmVlbiBhbWF6ZWQgYXQgd2hhdCB0b3RhbCBjb25jZW50 cmF0aW9uIGRvZXMNCnRvIGltcHJvdmUgeW91IGxhbmRpbmcgezo+KS4NCg0KUm9sbGVkIHRvIHRo ZSBlbmQgb2YgdGhlIHJ1bndheSBhbmQgaGFkIGVuZXJneSB0byByb2xsIG9mZiBvbnRvIHRoZQ0K dGF4aXdheS4gICBHb3Qgb3V0LCBjaGVjayB1bmRlciB0aGUgYWlyY3JhZnQgZm9yIGFueSBldmlk ZW5jZSBvZiBsZWFrcyBhbmQNCnN0YXJ0ZWQgcHVsbGluZyB0aGUgYWlyY3JhZnQgdG93YXJkIHRo ZSBmYXIg4oCTb2ZmIOKAkyBoYW5nYXIgd2hpY2ggaGFkIGFuDQphaXJwbGFuZSBwYXJrZWQgaW4g ZnJvbnQgb2YgaXQuICBBIG5pY2UgbG9va2luZyB5b3VuZyB3b21hbiBjb21lcyByaWRpbmcgYQ0K YmljeWNsZSBvdXQgdG8gbWVldCBtZS4gIEhvcHBlZCBvZmYgYW5kIGhvbGRpbmcgb3V0IGhlciBo YW5kIHNhaWQg4oCcSGkgSeKAmW0NCkFuZ2llLCBsb29rcyBsaWtlIHdl4oCZbGwgYmUgc3BlbmRp bmcgdGltZSB0b2dldGhlcuKAnSDigJMgc28gdGhpbmdzIHdlcmUNCnN0YXJ0aW5nIHRvIGxvb2sg dXAgezo+KQ0KDQpTbyBwdWxsZWQgdGhlIGFpcmNyYWZ0IGluIHRvIHRoZSBoYW5nYXIgd2hlcmUg dGhlIG1lY2hhbmljIGNhbWUgb3ZlciBhbmQNCmFzayB3aGF0IHRoZSBwcm9ibGVtIHdhcy4gIFdl bGwsIEkgbG9va2VkIGF0IHRoZSB2b2x0IG1ldGVyIGFuZCBpdCBzYWlkIHRoZQ0KYmF0dGVyeSB3 YXMgZGVhZC4gTWVjaGFuaWMgcHV0IG9uIGEgYmF0dGVyeSBjaGFyZ2VyIGFuZCBhbm5vdW5jZWQg 4oCcWWVwISBUaGUNCmJhdHRlcnkgaXMgZGVhZOKAnS4gIFNvIHdlIGJvdGggY29uY2x1ZGVkIHRo YXQgdGhlIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgbXVzdCBoYXZlDQpmYWlsZWQgYW5kIG5vdCBiZWluZyBhYmxlIHRv IHJlcGxlbmlzaCB0aGUgZHJhaW4gb24gdGhlIGJhdHRlcnkgYnkgYWxsIHRoZQ0KZWxlY3RyaWNh bCBzeXN0ZW1zIHN1Y2ggYXMgZnVlbCBwdW1wcywgaW5qZWN0b3JzLCBpZ25pdGlvbiBjb2lscywg ZXRjIGhhZA0KZHJhaW5lZCB0aGUgYmF0dGVyeS4NCg0KSG93ZXZlciwgdGhlcmUgd2VyZSBhIGZl dyBwcm9ibGVtcyB3aXRoIHRoZSBhbmFseXNpcyBvZiBhIGZhaWxlZA0KYWx0ZXJuYXRvci4gIEZp cnN0LCB0aGUgbG93IHZvbHRhZ2Ugd2FybmluZyBsaWdodCBuZXZlciBjYW1lIG9uIHRvIHdhcm4g b2YNCmFuIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgcHJvYmxlbSwgMm5kIEkgbmV2ZXIgbm90aWNlIHRoZSB2b2x0bWV0 ZXIgc2hvd2luZyBhbnl0aGluZw0Kb3RoZXIgdGhhbiB3aGF0IGl0IHNob3VsZCBmb3IgYWx0ZXJu YXRvciB2b2x0YWdlIOKAkyBsaWtlIGFyb3VuZCAxNCB2b2x0cy4NCldoaWxlIGNoZWNraW5nIHRo ZSB2b2x0YWdlIGFmdGVyIHRoZSBNZWNoYW5pYyBoYWQgY2hhcmdlZCB0aGUgYmF0dGVyeSwgSQ0K bm90aWNlZCBkb3duIGJlbG93IHRoYXQgdGhlIOKAnGVzc2VudGlhbCBidXPigJ0gc3dpdGNoIHdh cyBpbiB0aGUgYmF0dGVyeQ0KcmF0aGVyIHRoYW4gdGhlIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgcG9zaXRpb24sIHNv IGZsaWNrZWQgaXQgYmFjayB0byB0aGUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvcg0KcG9zaXRpb24gZmlndXJpbmcgSSBt dXN0IGhhdmUgYWNjaWRlbnRhbGx5IGtpY2tlZCBpdCB3aGlsZSBnZXR0aW5nIHRvIHNvbWUNCnN0 dWZmIGluIHRoZSBiYWdnYWdlIGNvbXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIG15IFJWLTZBLg0KDQpJdCB3YXMgZ2V0 dGluZyBsYXRlIGFuZCBiZWluZyBhIGJpdCB0aXJlZCBub3QgdG8gbWVudGlvbiBzdHJlc3NlZCwg SSBuZWVkZWQNCnRvIGdldCBhIHJlbnRhbCBjYXIgYW5kIGEgbW90ZWwgZm9yIHRoZSBuaWdodC4g IERpZCB0aGF0LCBlYXQgZGlubmVyIGFuZA0Kd2VudCB0byBiZWQgYWZ0ZXIgc2l0dGluZyBkb3du IGFuZCBkcmF3aW5nIG91dCBhIHByb2JsZW0gdHJlZSB3aXRoIHRoZQ0KZW50aXJlIG1ham9yIGVs ZW1lbnRzIG9mIHRoZSBlbGVjdHJpY2FsIHN5c3RlbS4NCg0KU28gbmV4dCBtb3JuaW5nIEkgc2hv dyB1cCBhdCB0aGUgaGFuZ2FyIGVhcmx5IGFuZCBtZXQgQmVuLCB0aGUgbWVjaGFuaWMsDQp0aGUg YmF0dGVyeSBoYWQgcmVjZWl2ZWQgYSBjaGFyZ2Ugb2Ygb25seSA0NSBtaW51dGVzIHRoZSBldmVu aW5nIGJlZm9yZSwgU28NCkkgc3VnZ2VzdGVkIHdlIGNoYXJnZWQgaXQgZm9yIGFub3RoZXIgaG91 ciBhbmQgdHJ5IHRvIHN0YXJ0IHRoZSBhaXJjcmFmdC4NCkJlbiBzdWdnZXN0ZWQgYSByZWFsIHN0 cmVzcyB0ZXN0IG9mIHRoZSBiYXR0ZXJ5IGFuZCBOT1QgY2hhcmdlIGl0IGFueW1vcmUuDQpNYWRl IHNlbnNlLCBzbyB3ZSByb2xsZWQgdGhlIGFpcmNyYWZ0IG91dCBvZiB0aGUgaGFuZ2FyLiAgSSBo b3BwZWQgaW4sDQp0aHJldyBhIGhhbGYgZG96ZW4gc3dpdGNoZXMgYW5kIHB1bmNoZWQgdGhlIHN0 YXJ0ZXIgYnV0dG9uLiAgVGhlIGVuZ2luZQ0Kc3RhcnRlZCBvbiB0aGUgZmlyc3QgcHJvcCBibGFk ZSByb3RhdGlvbiDigJMgc28gdGhlIGJhdHRlcnkgd2FzIGNsZWFybHkgT0suDQpUaGUgZW5naW5l IGlzIGh1bW1pbmcgbGlrZSBhIHRvcC4gICAgU28gSSBsb29rZWQgb3ZlciBhdCB0aGUgdm9sdG1l dGVyDQpleHBlY3RpbmcgaXQgdG8gc2hvdyBvbmx5IGFyb3VuZCAxMi44IHZvbHRzIGluc3RlYWQg b2YgdGhlIDE0IHZvbHRzIGENCmZ1bmN0aW9uaW5nIGFsdGVybmF0b3Igd291bGQgcHJvZHVjZS4g IE11Y2ggdG8gYm90aCAgbXkgYW5kIEJlbuKAmXMgc3VycHJpc2UNCnRoZSBhbHRlcm5hdG9yIHZv bHRhZ2UgcmVhZCAxNCB2b2x0cy4gIFdlIGxvYWRlZCB0aGUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvciBieSB0dXJuaW5n DQpvbiB0aGUgYm90aCBsMDAgd2F0dCBsYW5kaW5nIGxpZ2h0cywgYWxsIGZ1ZWwgcHVtcHMsIHRo ZSBwaXRvdCBoZWF0LCBldGMuDQpUaGUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvciB2b2x0YWdlIG9ubHkgZHJvcHMgcGVy aGFwcyAwLjQgdm9sdHMgY2xlYXJseSBpbmRpY2F0aW5nIHRoZQ0KYWx0ZXJuYXRvciBjb3VsZCBj YXJyeSB0aGUgbG9hZCBhbmQgd2FzIE9LLg0KDQpTbyBoZXJlIEkgYW0g4oCTIGJhdHRlcnkgaXMg T0ssIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgaXMgT0sg4oCTIGVuZ2luZSBpcyBwdXJyaW5nDQpub3JtYWxseSwgc28g Y2xlYXJseSB0aGlzIHdhcyBhbGwgYSBmaWdtZW50IG9mIG15IGRldGVyaW9yYXRpbmcgYnJhaW4N CmNlbGxzLiAgSSBsb2FkZWQgdXAgdGhlIGFpcmNyYWZ0IGFuZCBsYXVuY2hlZCB0byBkbyBhIGZl dyBjaXJjdWl0cyBvZiB0aGUNCmFpcnBvcnQg4oCTIEkgZGlkIHNvIGFuZCBhbGwgd2FzIG9wZXJh dGluZyBub3JtYWxseSBhbmQgc28gSSByYWRpbyB0aGVtIEkgd2FzDQpoZWFkIG9ud2FyZCB0byBU ZXhhcy4gIFdoaWxlIGZseWluZyAod2l0aCBteSBvbmx5IGZ1bmN0aW9uYWwgZXllYmFsbCBvbiB0 aGUNCnZvbHRtZXRlciksIG15IG1pbmQgY291bGQgbm90IGxldCBnbyBvZiB0aGUgcHJvYmxlbSBh bmQgZmluYWxseSB0aGUgbGlnaHQNCmJ1bGIgY2FtZSBvbi4NCg0KVGhlIGVzc2VudGlhbCBidXMg c3dpdGNoIGhhZCAoZm9yIG15IGVudGlyZSAxMCArIHllYXJzIG9mIGZseWluZylhbHdheXMNCmJl ZW4gaW4gdGhlIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgcG9zaXRpb24uICBUaGUgcHVycG9zZSBvZiB0aGlzIHN3aXRj aCBpcywgb2YgY291cnNlLA0KdG8gaXNvbGF0ZSB0aGUgYmF0dGVyeSBmcm9tIHRoZSBhbHRlcm5h dG9yIHNob3VsZCB0aGUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvciBmYWlsIC0gdG8NCnByZXZlbnQgYW4gYWx0ZXJuYXRv ciBwcm9ibGVtIGZyb20gZHJhaW5pbmcgdGhlIGJhdHRlcnkuICBTbyBpbiBldmVudCBvZiBhbg0K YWx0ZXJuYXRvciBwcm9ibGVtLCB5b3UgbW92ZSB0aGUgc3dpdGNoIGZyb20gYWx0ZXJuYXRvciB0 byBiYXR0ZXJ5LiAgSXRzDQpjYWxsIHRoZSBlc3NlbnRpYWwgYnVzIGJlY2F1c2UgeW91IG9ubHkg aGF2ZSB0aGUgZXNzZW50aWFsIHRoaW5ncyBkcmF3aW5nDQpmcm9tIHRoZSBiYXR0ZXJ5IHNvIHlv dSB3b2504oCZIGRyYWluIGl0IGFzIHF1aWNrbHkuICBUaGUgaWRlYSBpcyB0byBnaXZlIHlvdQ0K dGltZSAoZ2VuZXJhbGx5IGFyb3VuZCAzMCBtaW51dGVzKSB0byBmaW5kIGEgc2FmZSBwbGFjZSB0 byBsYW5kIGluIGNhc2Ugb2YNCmFsdGVybmF0b3IgZmFpbHVyZS4NCg0KDQpXZWxsLCBhdCBzb21l IHBvaW50IEkgaGFkIGVpdGhlciAobm90IHBheWluZyBhdHRlbnRpb24pIHR1cm5lZCB0aGUgc3dp dGNoDQp0byBiYXR0ZXJ5IHRoaW5raW5nIEkgd2FzIHR1cm5pbmcgdGhlIHZvbHRtZXRlciBzd2l0 Y2ggdG8gYmF0dGVyeShtb3JlIG9uDQp0aGF0IGJlbG93KSAgLSBvciBhY2NpZGVudGFsbHkgaGFk IG1vdmUgdGhlIHN3aXRjaCBmcm9tIGFsdGVybmF0b3IgdG8NCmJhdHRlcnkgd2l0aG91dCBub3Rp Y2luZyBpdCBieSBraWNraW5nIGl0LCBldGMuICBIb3dldmVyLCBpdCB3YXMgc29ydCBvZg0KcHJv dGVjdGVkIGluIGl0cyBwb3NpdGlvbiBmcm9tIGFjY2lkZW50YWwgYWN0aXZhdGlvbi4gSXQgbXVz dCBoYXZlIGhhcHBlbmVkDQpkdXJpbmcgcmVmdWVsaW5nIOKAkyBhcyBJIGdvdCBhcHByb3ggNDUg bWludXRlcyBkb3duIHRoZSByb2FkIG9uIHRoZSBiYXR0ZXJ5DQphZnRlciB0YWtlIG9mZiBiZWZv cmUgcXVhbGl0eSBiYXR0ZXJ5IHRpbWUgc3RhcnRlZCB0byBkZXRlcmlvcmF0ZS4gIEFzIHRoZQ0K YmF0dGVyeSB2b2x0YWdlIGZlbGwgZHVlIHRvIHRoZSBsb2FkIChhbmQgbm8gYWx0ZXJuYXRvciBs aW5rIHRvIHJlcGxlbmlzaA0KaXQpLCBlbGVjdHJpY2FsIHRoaW5ncyAobWFpbmx5IGNvbXB1dGVy cyBmaXJzdCkgc3RhcnRlZCBhY3RpbmcgdXAgdW50aWwNCnRoZXkgY291bGQgbm90IGxvbmdlciBy dW4gdGhlIGVuZ2luZS4gVGhlIGluamVjdG9ycyB3b3VsZCBub3Qgb3BlbiBmdWxseSwNCmV0Yy4g IFRoZW4gYXMgdGhlIHZvbHRhZ2UgbGV2ZWwgZnVydGhlciBkZWNyZWFzZWQsIHRoZSBtYXN0ZXIg cmVsYXkgd2hpY2gNCnRoZSBiYXR0ZXJ5IGhlbGQgY2xvc2VkIGFuZCB3aGljaCBjb25uZWN0ZWQg dGhlIChmdWxseSBmdW5jdGlvbmFsKQ0KYWx0ZXJuYXRvciB0byB0aGUgcmVzdCBvZiB0aGUgZWxl Y3RyaWNhbCBzeXN0ZW0gLSBvcGVuZWQgdXAgYW5kIHJlbW92ZWQgQUxMDQpwb3dlciBmcm9tIHRo ZSBlbGVjdHJpY2FsIHN5c3RlbS4gIFNvIG5vIHJhZGlvLCBubyBnYXVnZXMsIGV0Yy4NCg0KIE9o LCBhbm90aGVyIGxpdHRsZSBmYWN0b3IgdGhhdCBtYXkgaGF2ZSBjb250cmlidXRlZCwgdGhlIHZv bHRtZXRlciBoYXMgYQ0KdGlueSB0b2dnbGUgc3dpdGNoIGJ5IGl0IG1hcmtlZCBBTFQgQkFUMSBC QVQyIGZvciBjaGVja2luZyBhbHRlcm5hdG9yDQpiYXR0ZXJ5IDEgYW5kIGJhdHRlcnkgMiAod2hp Y2ggSSBubyBsb25nZXIgZmx5IHdpdGgpIHZvbHRhZ2VzLiAgRG93biBiZWxvdw0KSXQgYSBjb3Vw bGUgb2YgaW5jaGVzIGFuZCBvZmYgdG8gdGhlIHJpZ2h0IGlzIHRoZSBlc3NlbnRpYWwgYnVzIG5v cm1hbCBzaXplDQp0b2dnbGUgc3dpdGNoIOKAkyBhbHNvIG1hcmtlZCBBTFQgQkFUMSBCQVQxLiAg SSBub3JtYWxseSBuZXZlciB0b3VjaCBpdCBhbmQNCmRvbuKAmXQgZXZlbiB0aGluayBhYm91dCBp dC4gIEJ1dCBJIGNvdWxkIGhhdmUgcmVhY2hlZCBmb3IgdGhlIHZvbHRtZXRlcg0KdG9nZ2xlIHRo aW5raW5nIHRvIGNoZWNrIG15IGJhdHRlcnkgdm9sdGFnZSAod2hpY2ggSSBkbyBhcyBhIHJlZ3Vs YXIgdGhpbmcpDQphbmQgcGVyaGFwcyBkaXN0cmFjdGVkIGJ5IHNvbWV0aGluZyByZWFjaGVkIGEg Yml0IGZ1cnRoZXIgZG93biBhbmQgaW5zdGVhZA0KbW92ZWQgdGhlIGVzc2VudGlhbCBidXMgc3dp dGNoIGZyb20gQWx0ZXJuYXRvciB0byBCYXR0ZXJ5IGNhdXNpbmcgdGhpcw0KZW50aXJlIGV2ZW50 LiAgSSBrbm93IHRoYXQgSSBkaWQgbm90IGNvbnNjaW91c2x5IGRvIGl0LiAgU28gaXQgaXMgZWl0 aGVyDQphY2NpZGVudGFsIG9yIGFic2VuY2UgbWluZGVkIGFjdGl2YXRpb24gLSBlaXRoZXIgd2F5 IGVuZHMgd2l0aCB0aGUgc2FtZQ0KcmVzdWx0cyB7Oj4pDQoNCg0KTm93IGl0IGJlY2FtZSBjbGVh ciB3aHkgaXQgZGlkbuKAmXQgbWF0dGVyIHdoaWNoIHBhaXIgb2YgZnVlbCBpbmplY3RvcnMgSQ0K dHVybmVkIG9mZiDigJMgdHVybmluZyBvZmYgZWl0aGVyIHBhaXIgaW1wcm92ZWQgdGhlIHNpdHVh dGlvbiBiZWNhdXNlIGl0DQpzbGlnaHRseSByZWR1Y2VkIHRoZSBlbGVjdHJpY2FsIGxvYWQgYnkg YSBmZXcgYW1wcyDigJMgYW5kIHRoZSBlbmdpbmUgcmFuDQpzbGlnaHRseSBiZXR0ZXIgZm9yIGEg ZmV3IG1vbWVudHMuICBUaGUgc2FtZSB0aGluZyBoYWQgaGFwcGVuZWQgd2hlbg0KdHVybmluZyBv ZmYgb25lIG9mIHRoZSBFRkkgZnVlbCBwdW1wcyDigJMgYnV0IHdoYXQgdGhyZXcgbWUgd2FzIHRo ZQ0KYWx0ZXJuYXRvciB2b2x0YWdlIGNvbnRpbnVlZCB0byBiZSBub3JtYWwgZHVyaW5nIHRoaXMu DQoNCkFmdGVyIEkga25ldyB0aGUgY2F1c2UgKHN3aXRjaCBpbiB3cm9uZyBwb3NpdGlvbiksIEkg ZGVjaWRlZCB0aGUgcHJvYmxlbQ0Kd2FzIGZpeGVkIHNvIG5vIHJlYXNvbiB0byByZXR1cm4gdG8g TkMsIGFuZCBJIGp1c3QgY29udGludWVkIG9uIHRvIFRleGFzLg0KDQpJIGtub3cgc29tZSBvZiB5 b3UgbWF5IHRoaW5rIHRoYXQgcmVtb3ZpbmcgbXkgc2Vjb25kIGJhdHRlcnkgd2FzIGEgbWlzdGFr ZQ0K4oCTIGJ1dCwgY29uc2lkZXIgdGhpcywgaGF2aW5nIGFub3RoZXIgYmF0dGVyeSBjb3VsZCBo YXZlIG1lYW50IEkgd291bGQgaGF2ZQ0KYmVlbiBtdWNoIGZ1cnRoZXIgZnJvbSBhIHN1aXRhYmxl IGFpcmZpZWxkIGJlZm9yZSB0aGV5IGJvdGggd2VudCBzb3V0aC4gIE9uDQp0aGUgb3RoZXIgaGFu ZCwgaXQgbWlnaHQgaGF2ZSBjYXVzZWQgbWUgdG8gYXQgbGVhc3QgdGhpbmsgdG8gdGhyb3cgdGhl DQplc3NlbnRpYWwgYnVzIHN3aXRjaCB0byB0aGUgc2Vjb25kIGJhdHRlcnkgYW5kIGhhdmUgdGhl IExpZ2h0IGJ1bGIgY29tZSBvbi4NCldobyByZWFsbHkga25vd3MuICBCdXQsIEkgaGF2ZSBpbiBt aW5kIGEgc2ltcGx5IGFkZGl0aW9uIHRvIG15IGVsZWN0cmljYWwNCmNpcmN1aXQgdGhhdCBzaG91 bGQgaGVscCBpbiB0aGUgZnV0dXJlLg0KDQoNCkkgZG8gd2FudCB0byBzdGF0ZSB0aGF0IHRoaXMg dGltZSB3aGVuIHRoZSBwcm9ibGVtcyBzdGFydGVkIEkgRElEIHN3aXRjaA0KZnVlbCB0YW5rcyDi gJMgYnV0IG5hdHVyYWxseSBpdCBoYWQgbm8gZWZmZWN0IGJlY2F1c2UgdGhpcyB0aW1lIGl0IHR1 cm5lZA0Kb3V0LCBpdCB3YXMgbm90IGEgZnVlbCBwcm9ibGVtIOKAkyBub3QgdGhlIHJvb3QgY2F1 c2UgYXQgbGVhc3QuDQoNClNvIHdoYXQgYXJlIHRoZSBsZXNzb25zIGxlYXJuZWQ6DQoNCiAgIDEu IFB1dCBFVkVSWSBjcml0aWNhbCBzd2l0Y2ggb24geW91ciBiZWZvcmUtdGFrZW9mZiBDaGVjayBs aXN0DQogICAyLiBQZXJoYXBzIHB1dCBhIGd1YXJkIGFyb3VuZCBzdWNoIGNyaXRpY2FsIHN3aXRj aGVzIHRvIGZvcmNlIGNvbnNjaW91cw0KICAgICAgYWN0aXZhdGlvbg0KICAgMy4gRG9u4oCZdCAo aGFyZCBub3QgdG8pIGdldCBvdmVybHkgZm9jdXNlZCBvbiB3aGF0IHlvdSB0aGluayBpcyB0aGUN CiAgICAgIHByb2JsZW0g4oCTIGNvbnNpZGVyIG90aGVyIHBvc3NpYmlsaXRpZXMuICBJIHRob3Vn aHQgaXQgd2FzIGEgZnVlbA0KICAgICAgcHJvYmxlbSAoSSBldmVuIHN3aXRjaGVkIGZ1ZWwgdGFu a3MgdGhpcyB0aW1lKSDigJMgaXQgdHVybmVkIG91dCB0byBiZQ0KICAgICAgZWxlY3RyaWNhbCBp biBpdHMgcm9vdCBjYXVzZS4NCiAgIDQuIFdoaWxlIHRoZSBmdWVsIHByZXNzdXJlIHdhcyBqdW1w aW5nIGFsbCBvdmVyIHRoZSBwbGFjZSBhbmQgdGhlIEVHVA0KICAgICAgd2FzIGVycmF0aWMgYW5k IGVuZ2luZSBzdXJnaW5nIHN0cm9uZ2x5IGluZGljYXRpbmcgYSBmdWVsIHByb2JsZW0g4oCTDQog ICAgICB0aGUgdWx0aW1hdGUgY2F1c2Ugd2FzIGVsZWN0cmljYWwuICBPbmNlIHRoZSB2b2x0YWdl IGdvdCBiZWxvdyBhDQogICAgICBjZXJ0YWluIHBvaW50IHRoZSBFQzIgY29tcHV0ZXIgIHdhcyBz dGlsbCB0cnlpbmcgdG8gcHVsbCB0aGUNCiAgICAgIGluamVjdG9ycyBvcGVuLCBidXQgd2l0aCB0 aGUgdm9sdGFnZSBzbyBsb3cgaXQgY291bGQgbm90IGRvIGl0DQogICAgICBwcm9wZXJseS4NCiAg IDUuIFdoZW4gdGhlIGJhdHRlcnkgdm9sdGFnZSBkcm9wcGVkIGJlbG93IGEgY2VydGFpbiBwb2lu dCwgdGhlIG1hc3Rlcg0KICAgICAgcmVsYXkgcmVsZWFzZWQgYW5kIHJlbW92ZWQgdGhlIGFsdGVy bmF0b3IgZnJvbSB0aGUgZWxlY3RyaWNhbCBzeXN0ZW0NCiAgICAgIGFuZCB0aGUgcGFuZWwgd2Vu dCBkYXJrIOKAkyBldmVuIHRob3VnaCB0aGUgYWx0ZXJuYXRvciB3YXMgc3RpbGwNCiAgICAgIHdv cmtpbmcNCiAgIDYuIEltbWVkaWF0ZWx5IHR1cm4gdG8gdGhlIG5lYXJlc3QgYWlyZmllbGQgd2hl biBzZXJpb3VzIHByb2JsZW1zIG9jY3VyDQogICAgICAtIFRIRU4gd29yayBvbiBmaXhpbmcgdGhl bS4gIEkgb25seSBkZWxheWVkIGZvciBwZXJoYXBzIDItMyBtaW51dGVzLA0KICAgICAgYnV0IHRo YXQgY291bGQgaGF2ZSBtYWRlIGEgZGlmZmVyZW5jZS4NCiAgIDcuIFdhdGNoIG91dCBmb3IgQ29m ZmluIENvcm5lciB0dXJuIHdoZW4gdHVybmluZyBiYXNlIHRvIGZpbmFsIOKAkw0KICAgICAgYWly c3BlZWQgcmVhbGx5IGJsZWVkcyBvZmYgZmFzdCB3aXRoIG5vIGVuZ2luZSBwdWxsaW5nIHlvdSBh bG9uZyAoYW5kDQogICAgICBlc3BlY2lhbGx5IHdpdGggZmxhcHMgZGVwbG95ZWQhKQ0KICAgOC4g SUYgeW91IGNoYW5nZSB5b3VyIG1pbmQgYWJvdXQgbGFuZGluZyBhcHByb2FjaCB0eXBlIC0gcmVt ZW1iZXIgdG8NCiAgICAgIHJlY29uZmlndXJlIHlvdXIgYWlyY3JhZnQgZm9yIHRoZSBsYXN0IGRl Y2lzaW9uIOKAkyBJIGhhZCBsZWZ0IG15IGZsYXBzDQogICAgICBkZXBsb3llZCB3aGVuIEkgc2hv dWxkIGhhdmUgcmVtZW1iZXJlZCB0byByZXRyYWN0ZWQgdGhlbS4gIERpZCB0aGF0DQogICAgICBo ZWxwIHByZXZlbnQgYSBDb2ZmaW4gQ29ybmVyIHN0YWxsIGFuZCBzcGluIG9yIHdvdWxkIGl0IGhh dmUgcHV0IG1lDQogICAgICBjbG9zZXIgdG8gaXQ/DQogICA5LiBZb3UgbXVzdCBpbmNyZWFzZSBh aXJzcGVlZCBvdmVyIHRoZSB3aW5nIHRvIGdldCB0aGUgc3VmZmljaWVudCBlbmVyZ3kNCiAgICAg IHRvIG92ZXIgY29tZSBhIGhpZ2ggc2luayByYXRlLiAgUHVsbGluZyBiYWNrIG9uIHRoZSBzdGlj ayB3aGVuIHRoZQ0KICAgICAgZ3JvdW5kIGlzIHN0YXJpbmcgeW91IGluIHRoZSBmYWNlIGlzIHRo ZSBuYXR1cmFsIHJlYWN0aW9uIOKAkyBidXQsDQogICAgICBwdXNoaW5nIGZvcndhcmQgdG8gbG93 ZXIgdGhlIG5vc2UgaXMgdGhlIGNvcnJlY3QgYWN0aW9uIOKAkyBwcm92aWRpbmcNCiAgICAgIG9m IGNvdXJzZSB5b3UgaGF2ZSBzdWZmaWNpZW50IGFsdGl0dWRlIQ0KICAgMTAuICAgICAgQmF0dGVy eSBsaWZlIOKAkyBJIGhhZCBhIHR3byB5ZWFyIG9sZCA2ODAgb2R5c3NleSBiYXR0ZXJ5IHdoaWNo IEkNCiAgICAgIG1haW50YWluIGEgdHJpY2tsZSBjaGFyZ2Ugb24gd2hlbmV2ZXIgSeKAmW0gbm90 IGZseWluZy4gIFdpdGggdHdvIEVGSQ0KICAgICAgZnVlbCBwdW1wcywgYm9vc3QgcHVtcCwgaW5q ZWN0b3JzLCBjb2lscywgRUMyIGFuZCByYWRpbyBhbmQganVzdA0KICAgICAgaGF2aW5nIHN0YXJ0 ZWQgdGhlIGVuZ2luZSBiZWZvcmUgdGFrZSBvZmYg4oCTIHRoaXMgYmF0dGVyeSBsYXN0ZWQgNTUN CiAgICAgIG1pbnV0ZXMuICBXZWxsLCB0aGUgbGFzdCA1IG1pbnV0ZXMgd2VyZSBub3QgcXVhbGl0 eSBiYXR0ZXJ5IHRpbWUuICBTbw0KICAgICAgaW4gbXkgY2FzZSwgMzAgbWludXRlcyBhcHBlYXJz IHRvIGJlIGEgdmVyeSByZWFsaXN0aWMgYmF0dGVyeSBsaWZlLg0KICAgICAgSW4gZmFjdCwgaGFk IEkgdHVybmVkIG9mZiBvbmUgRUZJIHB1bXAgYW5kIHRoZSBib29zdCBwdW1wIHdvdWxkIGhhdmUN CiAgICAgIGdhaW5lZCBhIGZldyBtb3JlIG1pbGVzLiAgQnV0LCBpZiBJIGhhZCByZWNvZ25pemVk IHRoZSBuZWVkIHRvIHR1cm4NCiAgICAgIHRoZW0gb2ZmIGF0IHRoYXQgdGltZSAoSSBub3JtYWxs eSB0dXJuIHRoZW0gb2ZmIGF0IGNydWlzZSBhbHRpdHVkZSksDQogICAgICB0aGVuIEkgd291bGQg aGF2ZSBrbm93biBob3cgdG8g4oCcZml44oCdIHRoZSBwcm9ibGVtLg0KICAgMTEuICAgICAgSeKA mXZlIGRlY2lkZWQgdG8gYWRkIGEgU2Nob2trdHkgZGlvZGUgYmV0d2VlbiBteSBlc3NlbnRpYWwg YnVzDQogICAgICBhbmQgdGhlIGFsdGVybmF0b3Ig4oCTIHNvIHRoYXQgYXMgbG9uZyBhcyB0aGUg YWx0ZXJuYXRvciBpcyBwcm9kdWNpbmcNCiAgICAgIHN1ZmZpY2llbnQgdm9sdGFnZSwgdGhlbiB0 aGUgYmF0dGVyeSB3aWxsIGJlIGdldHRpbmcgc29tZSBjaGFyZ2UgdG8NCiAgICAgIHJlcGxhY2Ug dGhlIGRyYWluLiAgSeKAmXZlIGFsc28gZGVjaWRlZCB0byBtYWtlIHRoYXQgc3dpdGNoIHBvc2l0 aW9uIGENCiAgICAgIGNoZWNrLWxpc3QgaXRlbS4NCg0KIFNvIHdoYXQgaXQgYm9pbHMgZG93biB0 byDigJMgaWYgSSBoYWQgcmVjb2duaXplZCBlYXJseSBvbiB0aGF0IGl0IHdhcyBhbg0KZWxlY3Ry aWNhbCBwcm9ibGVtIGFuZCBub3QgZm9jdXNlZCBzbyBtdWNoIG9uIHRoZSBmdWVsIHN5c3RlbSwg SSBtYXkgaGF2ZQ0Kbm90aWNlZCB0aGUgZXNzZW50aWFsIGJ1cyBzd2l0Y2ggaW4gdGhlIHdyb25n IHBvc2l0aW9uLiAgRm9yY2UgeW91cnNlbGYgdG8NCmV4YW1pbmUgb3RoZXIgcG9zc2libGUgY2F1 c2VzIChlYXN5IHRvIHNheSDigJMgaGFyZGVyIHRvIGRvKS4NCg0KTkVWRVIsIE5FVkVSIGZvcmdl dCB0aGF0IGZseWluZyB0aGUgYWlycGxhbmUgaXMgdGhlIGZpcnN0IGFuZCBvbmx5IHByaW9yaXR5 DQppbiB0aGlzIHR5cGUgb2Ygc2l0dWF0aW9uDQoNCk5FVkVSLCBORVZFUiBmb3JnZXQgdGhhdCBz YXZpbmcgeW91ciBidXR0IGlzIHRoZSB1bHRpbWF0ZWx5IGVuZC1hbGwNCnByaW9yaXR5LiAgV2hl biBJIGRlY2lkZWQgdGhhdCBsYW5kaW5nIG9uIHRoZSBncmFzcyB3YXMgcHJlZmVyYWJsZSB0bw0K cHV0dGluZyBhIGhvbGUgaW4gdGhlaXIgY29uY3JldGUg4oCTIEkgIG1heSBoYXZlIG1hZGUgYSBs aWZlLXNhdmluZyBkZWNpc2lvbi4NCg0KU28gdGhhdOKAmXMgbXkgc3RvcnkgYW5kIEnigJltIHN0 aWNraW5nIHRvIGl0Lg0KDQpGbHkgc2FmZSwgZ3V5cyEhDQoNCkVkDQoNCg0KRWQgQW5kZXJzb24N Cg0KDQpSdi02QSBONDk0QlcgUm90YXJ5IFBvd2VyZWQNCg0KDQpNYXR0aGV3cywgTkMNCg0KDQpl YW5kZXJzb25AY2Fyb2xpbmEucnIuY29tDQoNCg0KaHR0cDovL3d3dy5hbmRlcnNvbmVlLmNvbS4N Cg0KDQpodHRwOi8vd3d3LmRtYWNrLm5ldC9tYXpkYS9pbmRleC5odG1sDQoNCg0KaHR0cDovL3d3 dy5mbHlyb3RhcnkuY29tLw0KDQoNCmh0dHA6Ly9tZW1iZXJzLmNveC5uZXQvcm9nZXJzZGEvcm90 YXJ5L2NvbmZpZ3MuaHRtI040OTRCVw0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCl8tPT09PT09PT09PT09PT09 PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09DQpfLT0gICAgICAg ICAgLSBUaGUgQWVyb0VsZWN0cmljLUxpc3QgRW1haWwgRm9ydW0gLQ0KXy09IFVzZSB0aGUgTWF0 cm9uaWNzIExpc3QgRmVhdHVyZXMgTmF2aWdhdG9yIHRvIGJyb3dzZQ0KXy09IHRoZSBtYW55IExp c3QgdXRpbGl0aWVzIHN1Y2ggYXMgTGlzdCBVbi9TdWJzY3JpcHRpb24sDQpfLT0gQXJjaGl2ZSBT ZWFyY2ggJiBEb3dubG9hZCwgNy1EYXkgQnJvd3NlLCBDaGF0LCBGQVEsDQpfLT0gUGhvdG9zaGFy ZSwgYW5kIG11Y2ggbXVjaCBtb3JlOg0KXy09DQpfLT0gICAtLT4gaHR0cDovL3d3dy5tYXRyb25p Y3MuY29tL05hdmlnYXRvcj9BZXJvRWxlY3RyaWMtTGlzdA0KXy09DQpfLT09PT09PT09PT09PT09 PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PQ0KXy09ICAgICAg ICAgICAgICAgLSBNQVRST05JQ1MgV0VCIEZPUlVNUyAtDQpfLT0gU2FtZSBncmVhdCBjb250ZW50 IGFsc28gYXZhaWxhYmxlIHZpYSB0aGUgV2ViIEZvcnVtcyENCl8tPQ0KXy09ICAgLS0+IGh0dHA6 Ly9mb3J1bXMubWF0cm9uaWNzLmNvbS4NCl8tPQ0KXy09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09 PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT0NCl8tPSAgICAgICAgICAgICAtIExp c3QgQ29udHJpYnV0aW9uIFdlYiBTaXRlIC0NCl8tPSAgVGhhbmsgeW91IGZvciB5b3VyIGdlbmVy b3VzIHN1cHBvcnQhDQpfLT0gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAtTWF0dCBEcmFs bGUsIExpc3QgQWRtaW4uDQpfLT0gICAtLT4gaHR0cDovL3d3dy5tYXRyb25pY3MuY29tL2NvbnRy aWJ1dGlvbg0KXy09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09PT09 PT09PT09PT09PT09PT0NCg0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg= ________________________________ Message 3 _____________________________________ Time: 06:10:11 AM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: [Probable SPAM] Re: Lightweight Aux Battery? From: "sonex293" Thanks for your input Glenn. -- Michael Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246752#246752 ________________________________ Message 4 _____________________________________ Time: 06:11:19 AM PST US From: Speedy11@aol.com Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) Ed, Great story - thanks for sharing. Thanks also for your insight into the problem, analysis, and solutions. Stan Sutterfield **************Limited Time Offers: Save big on popular laptops at Dell %2Fad.doubleclick.net%2Fclk%3B215221161%3B37268813%3By) ________________________________ Message 5 _____________________________________ Time: 10:08:15 AM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? From: "EdgePerformance" Hi, I`m new to this forum, but I really hope someone can help me out. I have just completed my Jabiru 2200 turbo rebuilding on my Kitfox IV. Then I mounted my new Icom IC-A210 transceiver along with a new instrument panel and new wiring. I send crystal clear messages and receive perfectly on ground with engine of. But as soon as I start my engine I get either ignition noise or alternator noise. The sound adjusts in harmony with the throttle settingrpm. I have changed spark wires, used shielded tefzel wires on all avionics and ignition kill switches. Used shielded wires on headset and microphone jacks, ptt etc. I have also shielded the AC current wires from the alternator or stator plate if you like. And still there is no sign to reduce in headset noise. This happens no matter if the transponder, GPS, instruments etc is ON or OFF. Also what i noticed is when transmitting a message I bearly hear myself in the headset, though the intergrated intercom works well. Hope anyone has experience either with the Icom IC-A210 and noise or the jabiru engine in kitfox IV ? Great full for all tips and help ! -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246794#246794 ________________________________ Message 6 _____________________________________ Time: 11:04:08 AM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? From: "Matt Prather" Hello -----, I think it's important to identify whether the source of the noise is ignition or alternator.. It looks like that engine has dual transistorized magnetos. Does your installation allow for defeating one of those systems while the engine is running? If so, you might notice a decrease in the noise by turning off one or the other system while the engine is running. Also, is it possible to disable the alternator while the engine is running? After you find the source of the noise, you'll need to identify the method of coupling that noise into the audio system. Conducted or radiated? This might get you pointed in the right direction.. Regards, Matt- > > > Hi, > > I`m new to this forum, but I really hope someone can help me out. > > I have just completed my Jabiru 2200 turbo rebuilding on my Kitfox IV. > Then I mounted my new Icom IC-A210 transceiver along with a new instrument > panel and new wiring. > > I send crystal clear messages and receive perfectly on ground with engine > of. But as soon as I start my engine I get either ignition noise or > alternator noise. The sound adjusts in harmony with the throttle > settingrpm. > > I have changed spark wires, used shielded tefzel wires on all avionics and > ignition kill switches. Used shielded wires on headset and microphone > jacks, ptt etc. I have also shielded the AC current wires from the > alternator or stator plate if you like. And still there is no sign to > reduce in headset noise. > > This happens no matter if the transponder, GPS, instruments etc is ON or > OFF. > > Also what i noticed is when transmitting a message I bearly hear myself in > the headset, though the intergrated intercom works well. > > Hope anyone has experience either with the Icom IC-A210 and noise or the > jabiru engine in kitfox IV ? > > Great full for all tips and help ! > > -------- > Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246794#246794 > > ________________________________ Message 7 _____________________________________ Time: 11:31:38 AM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise From: "EdgePerformance" Hi, Do you mean if i have one ignition switch for each coil ? I have tried to turn off one and one coil but that does`t reduce any noise. I`ll try charging my battery full and take a quick flight with the alternator wires off. At last I will try to add an extra battery and only connect the radio to it. -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246808#246808 ________________________________ Message 8 _____________________________________ Time: 12:31:29 PM PST US From: "Hinde, Frank George (Corvallis)" Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise I was about to suggest that..I.e if you connect the radio directly to an isolated battery and the noise is still there than clearly it is airborne transmitted..If it goes away its probably coming thru the power/ground wires Frank -----Original Message----- From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of EdgePerformance Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 11:29 AM Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise --> Hi, Do you mean if i have one ignition switch for each coil ? I have tried to turn off one and one coil but that does`t reduce any noise. I`ll try charging my battery full and take a quick flight with the alternator wires off. At last I will try to add an extra battery and only connect the radio to it. -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246808#246808 ________________________________ Message 9 _____________________________________ Time: 12:57:30 PM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise From: "EdgePerformance" I will give it a try tomorrow. But I cant figure what I have done wrong. Radio is connected right to the battery, all wires out of the molex connector are shielded, jacks to headsets are isolated with plastic washers through the front panel, have a grounded 50x45cm ground plate inside the body with the antenna screwed right in the center of the plate with the coaxial cable shield grounded straight to the ground plate. Heres a really simple sketch of how I have wired my antenna. -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246820#246820 Attachments: http://forums.matronics.com//files/antenna_ground_plate_163.jpg ________________________________ Message 10 ____________________________________ Time: 12:58:26 PM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise !? From: "EdgePerformance" Here is a simple sketch of my ground plate and antenna wiring. -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246821#246821 Attachments: http://forums.matronics.com//files/antenna_ground_plate_191.jpg ________________________________ Message 11 ____________________________________ Time: 01:44:58 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise From: "Matt Prather" Just goes to show you that "shielding everything" isn't a magic bullet. It's not clear to me from your description that the noise is present when the radio is receiving as well as transmitting. Other ideas: - Does disconnecting the antenna mitigate received noise? - Have you verified that you don't have a "hot mag" by turning off both ignitions while the engine is running - the engine should quit. (Maybe this is normally how you stop the engine - I don't know if your fuel delivery system allows "idle-cutoff"...) Additionally, if the noise is from the ignition system (which I am now doubting), turning both of the switches off should douse the electrical noise as well. Regards, Matt- > > > I will give it a try tomorrow. But I cant figure what I have done wrong. Radio is connected right to the battery, all wires out of the molex connector are shielded, jacks to headsets are isolated with plastic washers through the front panel, have a grounded 50x45cm ground plate inside the body with the antenna screwed right in the center of the plate > with the coaxial cable shield grounded straight to the ground plate. > > Heres a really simple sketch of how I have wired my antenna. > > -------- > Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246820#246820 > > > Attachments: > > http://forums.matronics.com//files/antenna_ground_plate_163.jpg > > ________________________________ Message 12 ____________________________________ Time: 02:02:11 PM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving n From: "EdgePerformance" Hi, i have the aerocarb so normally i use idle-cutoff but both magnetic coils are new and they work fine. Ignition cutoff work great on both cold and hot engine no matter what throttle setting. What do you mean by antenna mitigate ? My English aren't that great. (Poor Norwegian). I tried to turn off both ignition switches in flight and the engine didn't get to stop completely before the transmission was over, but I could clearly hear the noise frequency becoming lower. But that could also be both alternator and ignition I believe. I really hope I can figure this out soon so that I can go out and fly my new build jabiru 2200 turbo kitfox IV. -------- Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246830#246830 ________________________________ Message 13 ____________________________________ Time: 02:42:40 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Re: Kitfox IV - Jabiru 2200 - Icom IC-A210 Reciving noise From: Ian Are the plastic washers the type with a raised bit that goes through the hole? They generally come with the jack connectors. Otherwise the ground side of the plug can ground through the side of the hole. Ian Brown Bromont Quebec On Thu, 2009-06-04 at 12:55 -0700, EdgePerformance wrote: > > I will give it a try tomorrow. But I cant figure what I have done wrong. Radio is connected right to the battery, all wires out of the molex connector are shielded, jacks to headsets are isolated with plastic washers through the front panel, have a grounded 50x45cm ground plate inside the body with the antenna screwed right in the center of the plate with the coaxial cable shield grounded straight to the ground plate. > > Heres a really simple sketch of how I have wired my antenna. > > -------- > Kitfox IV w\ Jabiru 2200 Turbo\Aerocarb > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=246820#246820 > > > > > Attachments: > > http://forums.matronics.com//files/antenna_ground_plate_163.jpg > > > > > > > ________________________________ Message 14 ____________________________________ Time: 03:05:02 PM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: Fwd: Jabiru 3300 starter From: jaybannist@cs.com Just wondering - Did anyone see this post ? -----Original Message----- From: jaybannist@cs.com Sent: Tue, 2 Jun 2009 7:37 pm Subject: Jabiru 3300 starter I am helping a friend put together a power schematic for a Jabiru 3300.? I have seen several sample schematics that have both a starter solenoid and a starter contactor.? Is this really what is required and if so why ?? Is a starter contactor any different than a battery contactor? Jay Bannister Email message sent from CompuServe - visit us today at http://www.cs.com ________________________________________________________________________ Email message sent from CompuServe - visit us today at http://www.cs.com ________________________________ Message 15 ____________________________________ Time: 03:46:45 PM PST US From: Ken Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Fwd: Jabiru 3300 starter Yes but it has been discussed before and we all hoped someone else would answer... ;) A conventional battery contactor draws almost 1 amp and can be on continuously. A starter contactor is quicker acting, draws more like 4 amps, and is intermittant duty. ie it will overheat and fail if energized continuously. Your call on whether you need a starter contactor as well as a starter solenoid. Is there any chance that both are required for your warranty? I did not use a starter contactor on my subaru but I can kill a stuck on starter by killing a "battery" contactor on my bird. Solenoids on starters do occasionally but rarely stick on but the same is true for starter contactors. I judge the risk quite low for an automotive type starter solenoid and a glance at the voltage after start up confirms disengagement. Ken jaybannist@cs.com wrote: > Just wondering - Did anyone see this post ? > > > -----Original Message----- > From: jaybannist@cs.com > To: aeroelectric-list@matronics.com > Sent: Tue, 2 Jun 2009 7:37 pm > Subject: Jabiru 3300 starter > > I am helping a friend put together a power schematic for a Jabiru 3300. > I have seen several sample schematics that have both a starter solenoid > and a starter contactor. Is this really what is required and if so why > ? Is a starter contactor any different than a battery contactor? > > Jay Bannister > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > E ________________________________ Message 16 ____________________________________ Time: 04:38:35 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Fwd: Jabiru 3300 starter From: jaybannist@cs.com Ken, Thanks for the reply.? Because I have a Corvair engine, in the past, I have not looked at posts dealing specifically with Jabiru systems.? I think my confusion comes from the fact that the starter solenoid on my engine is tied to the started and there is no starter contactor.? I think from looking at the latest Jabiru wiring diagram, one or the other is required, but not both.? I'm just not sure what is included in the Jabiru FWF package. Thanks again - Jay -----Original Message----- From: Ken ? Yes but it has been discussed before and we all hoped someone else would answer... ;)? ? A conventional battery contactor draws almost 1 amp and can be on continuously. A starter contactor is quicker acting, draws more like 4 amps, and is intermittant duty. ie it will overheat and fail if energized continuously.? ? Your call on whether you need a starter contactor as well as a starter solenoid. Is there any chance that both are required for your warranty? I did not use a starter contactor on my subaru but I can kill a stuck on starter by killing a "battery" contactor on my bird. Solenoids on starters do occasionally but rarely stick on but the same is true for starter contactors. I judge the risk quite low for an automotive type starter solenoid and a glance at the voltage after start up confirms disengagement.? ? Ken? ________________________________________________________________________ Email message sent from CompuServe - visit us today at http://www.cs.com ________________________________ Message 17 ____________________________________ Time: 06:24:01 PM PST US From: "Ed Anderson" Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) Hi Bill, Perhaps a bit clear explanation of my circuit. When I move my essential bus switch from ALT (alternator) to BAT1 (battery1), it removes the link between battery and alternator. However, the master relay still closed by the battery voltage, so this provides a path for the alternator to continue to feed the rest of the (none essential systems - such as landing lights, strobe light, transponder, etc). When the battery voltage dropped low enough it was unable to hold the master relay closed - which opened removing alternator voltage from the rest of the system. By that time, the battery was too low to support the essential systems such as my engine and to include the radio. When the battery is disconnected from the alternator, there is no noticeable variation in my alternator voltage indicating that the none-essential subsystems apparently provide sufficient load stability. That's my best analysis of the system. Ed Ed Anderson Rv-6A N494BW Rotary Powered Matthews, NC eanderson@carolina.rr.com http://www.andersonee.com http://www.dmack.net/mazda/index.html http://www.flyrotary.com/ http://members.cox.net/rogersda/rotary/configs.htm#N494BW http://www.rotaryaviation.com/Rotorhead%20Truth.htm -----Original Message----- From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Bill Schlatterer Sent: Wednesday, June 03, 2009 10:00 PM Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) Ed, just curious,... How is it that your essential switch disconnects the main bus? Usually, they power the essential bus but you have to shut off the Main bus (I think) manually as a safety feature. When you heard the CLANK which you said was the main bus relay disconnecting, that would have been caused by the absolute drain of the battery. BUT, with the master relay still engaged, the alternator should have still been charging the battery? (even with the E-Bus switch thrown,... I think? If your essential completely reroutes the current from the alternator around the battery, then what takes up the load with the single battery off line? Is that what the second battery (removed) was supposed to do? Just wondering how it works? Thanks Bill S 7a finishing / Z13/8 and other stuff -----Original Message----- From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Ed Anderson Sent: Wednesday, June 03, 2009 7:51 PM Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) --> Thanks Kevin Could not agree with your points more. Yes, I have a pre-takeoff check list which I do use - however, as you point out - if an item is not on it that is critical to safe flight, then it is certainly incomplete. I do not have an in-flight emergency check list, but will certainly give that some serious thought - it would be helpful if it just isolated whether the problem was the fuel system, electrical system and their subsystems. Another good suggestion Ah, good analysis, Kevin. You are correct, my low voltage light is hooked to my alternator circuit and not the essential bus. The logic (if there was any) was that if the alternator started to fail then the warning light would warn me before I started to drain the battery. However, in this case, the alternator was continuing to produce 14 V so naturally the low voltage light never came on. So again, I agree on all the points you made. Just goes to show you how even things designed to make it safer can do the opposite under certain conditions. Clearly, there are a few things that I need to change {:>) Ed Ed Anderson Rv-6A N494BW Rotary Powered Matthews, NC eanderson@carolina.rr.com http://www.andersonee.com http://www.dmack.net/mazda/index.html http://www.flyrotary.com/ http://members.cox.net/rogersda/rotary/configs.htm#N494BW http://www.rotaryaviation.com/Rotorhead%20Truth.htm -----Original Message----- From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Kevin Horton Sent: Wednesday, June 03, 2009 5:02 PM Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) --> Ed, Congrats for keeping your cool, and flying the airplane to a safe landing. And thanks for sharing the story, so we can all learn from your incident. I fully agree that checklists are important. If your electrical system design assumes that the electrical system will be in a particular configuration for flight, then you need a checklist that ensures this is true. And you need to religiously do every step on that checklist before take-off. It is also useful to have well thought out checklists for engine failure, engine rough running, etc. For example, a well thought rough running engine checklist would include all steps necessary to check voltage on whatever bus(s) your engine needs. One thing that puzzles me about your electrical system design - it seems that your engine needs power from the Essential Bus. But it seems like your active low voltage warning is looking at some other bus. Why not hook the low voltage warning up the the one bus that is really important - i.e. the Essential Bus? Kevin Horton On 3-Jun-09, at 15:53 , Ed Anderson wrote: > It was suggested by one of the aeroelectric list members, Sam Hoskins, > that the following report of an incident I had on a recent trip be > posted to the AeroElectric list for obvious reasons - once you read > it. > > I have an all-electric Rv-6A with over 10 years and close to 500 > hours on it. I based the electrical system roughly one of Bob's > excellent designs. It initially had one alternator and two > batteries, but removed the second battery approx 5 years ago - but, I > did make one modification to the design that I almost had cause to > regret. > > So needless to say, but I will, responsibility for design and > incident is totally mine. > > But, to get on with the tale > > > One the way to Texas I had an incident that ended up in with me and > aircraft making a 7 mile engine-out glide into Craig Field (Selma, > Alabama). NO! It was not fault of the engine or even the subsystems. > But, the complete answer is not provided until after my litany of the > conditions and symptoms - can you figure it out? > > I took off on Thursday (28 May 2009) AM from North Carolina planning > on stopping in Mississippi to join up with two friends. After > spending the night there, we all three would then head for Texas. > But, the weather (as you are aware) has been laying over the southeast > for days with rain and more rain - but I launched into it anyway as > past Atlanta, GA things were forecast to improve.. > > Other than dodging lines of clouds and a bit of scud running, but not > much, I landed at Alexandria City to the southwest of Atlanta, GA to > take on fuel. I then climbed back in and fire it up and took off. > > I noticed that during climb-out the engine would occasionally miss and > thought the fuel might have had a bit of water in it, but was not > really concerned. So I fly on for approx another 45 minutes and had > just passed Selma, Alabama and old Craig Air Force base, and turned > west toward Mississippi, when more symptoms began to occur. > > It started to act like a case of SAG (fouled spark plugs) where the > rpm will drop a bit - not dangerous - just nerve racking. But, > shortly things began to go beyond the SAG symptoms, so I though I > might have an injector problem (like one sticking open or not opening > at all). Since our injectors are in pairs, I tried turning one pair > off figuring if things got better, then that pair might have a bad > injector. > > So I turned off one pair and sure enough the symptoms abated a bit > (more on this later) so I figured I had a bad injector in that pair. > To be certain I turned this "bad" pair back on and turn off the "good" > pair expecting the symptoms to really get bad as I would now be > running on only the "bad" pair - much to my surprise when I turned off > the "good" pair - the symptoms also abated. So that indicated it was > not an injector problem - but what? > > About this time, I decided to turn the aircraft back around toward > Craig Field and dodging clouds headed back with the engine > progressively getting worst. It appeared to be a fuel problem (and > while that is ultimately the subsystem affected - it was not the root > cause). The fuel pressure was ranging from zero to 80 psi, other > electrical things were also misbehaving. I check the voltmeter > thinking perhaps the alternator had died - but it showed > 14 volts. So back to the fuel system. > > Finally, the engine just stops with the prop standing still - like a > hood ornament, I'm at around 4500-5000 MSL at this point having lost > some altitude dodging a cloud (good old GPS just kept pointing to > Craig Field). At that time I am 6-7 miles out from Craig Field at > 4500 msl with a stopped prop, a crippled seat cushion and a dry mouth. > Yes, I've been there before, but I don't think you ever get "use" to > it. I recalled thinking -". things just can't get > worst." when they very shortly and suddenly - did. > > I keyed the radio and made a call to Craig Field at 4 miles on the GPS > but before I could get their reply, I heard a "CLANK" (without the > engine running you can hear things like that) like a relay > springing open (it was) and the entire panel goes dead!!!! No > radio, no engine instruments, not even a stinking LED was lit - only > the battery powered GPS. Can you spell "total electrical failure?" > Talk about a lonely feeling - amazing how comforting having lights on > and radio - you could almost convince yourself this was just a > practice engine-out landing, but not when the panel goes dark. No > engine gauges, no radio, nada! > > Well not being one inclined to panic (but I seriously considered it > for a moment {:>)), I continued toward Craig field - I mean like there > were lots of other alternatives. Well Once again I found myself in > the "fortunate position" of being too high, too much altitude. So I > put in 40 degs of flaps to steepen my rate of descent. But, then I > decided this time that rather than do the 360 I had done on a previous > Incident to lose "excessive" altitude, I would try to glide - a more > or less - regular traffic pattern. > > However, I neglected to remember to retract the flaps. So I found > myself on the downwind around mid-field at pattern altitude (which > felt normal) until I suddenly realized that you CAN NOT maintain that > pattern altitude without an engine!!! (and particularly with 40 deg > of flaps deployed - flaps and trim are manual) Duh! > > I knew I could never make it to the far end of the runway before > turning base (toward the runway) and I was losing altitude at the > rate of 400-500 fpm, so I started my turn immediately. To make > matters a bit worst - I had been paralleling the runway on the > downwind leg a bit too close in - must have been the comforting > feeling of being close to safety. This position naturally required a > tighter turn and as I turned I saw I was likely to overshoot the > runway and land in the grass. So I though I need to steepen this turn > further (Yep! COFFIN CORNER was calling), but fortunately glanced at > my airspeed indicator - to see it only registering 80 MPH and my rate > of descent (normally 400-500 feet per minute) up to over 1000 feet per > minute. The seat cushion suddenly vanished from this universe. > > But the REAL danger in this situation, as you all know, is your > airspeed gets low, you are in a steep bank which greatly raises the > stall speed - meaning at 80 mph you are close to a stall in a steep > turn while your are not in straight and level. So I immediately > straighten out of the turn - the little voice saying "better to land > in the grass than get their concrete runway all messed up". So the > immediate danger of a stall was adverted, but I was still pointed > toward the ground with a sink rate twice as high as normal (and I've > manage a few hard landings even with a normal sink rate). > Fortunately, the runway was now under my nose rather than grass. > > The hardest thing to do when you are sinking at a 1000 fpm a couple > hundred feet above the ground (with your nose already pointed at the > ground) is to push the stick forward steeping the dive even more. > But, I manage to do that and picked enough air speed and energy to > flair to a nice touch down - not even a bump. I've always been amazed > at what total concentration does to improve you landing {:>). > > Rolled to the end of the runway and had energy to roll off onto the > taxiway. Got out, check under the aircraft for any evidence of > leaks and started pulling the aircraft toward the far -off - hangar > which had an airplane parked in front of it. A nice looking young > woman comes riding a bicycle out to meet me. Hopped off and holding > out her hand said "Hi I'm Angie, looks like we'll be spending time > together" - so things were starting to look up {:>) > > So pulled the aircraft in to the hangar where the mechanic came over > and ask what the problem was. Well, I looked at the volt meter and it > said the battery was dead. Mechanic put on a battery charger and > announced "Yep! The battery is dead". So we both concluded that the > alternator must have failed and not being able to replenish the drain > on the battery by all the electrical systems such as fuel pumps, > injectors, ignition coils, etc had drained the battery. > > However, there were a few problems with the analysis of a failed > alternator. First, the low voltage warning light never came on to > warn of an alternator problem, 2nd I never notice the voltmeter > showing anything other than what it should for alternator voltage - > like around 14 volts. While checking the voltage after the Mechanic > had charged the battery, I noticed down below that the "essential bus" > switch was in the battery rather than the alternator position, so > flicked it back to the alternator position figuring I must have > accidentally kicked it while getting to some stuff in the baggage > compartment of my RV-6A. > > It was getting late and being a bit tired not to mention stressed, I > needed to get a rental car and a motel for the night. Did that, eat > dinner and went to bed after sitting down and drawing out a problem > tree with the entire major elements of the electrical system. > > So next morning I show up at the hangar early and met Ben, the > mechanic, the battery had received a charge of only 45 minutes the > evening before, So I suggested we charged it for another hour and try > to start the aircraft. Ben suggested a real stress test of the > battery and NOT charge it anymore. Made sense, so we rolled the > aircraft out of the hangar. I hopped in, threw a half dozen switches > and punched the starter button. The engine started on the first prop > blade rotation - so the battery was clearly OK. The > engine is humming like a top. So I looked over at the voltmeter > expecting it to show only around 12.8 volts instead of the 14 volts a > functioning alternator would produce. Much to both my and Ben's > surprise the alternator voltage read 14 volts. We loaded the > alternator by turning on the both l00 watt landing lights, all fuel > pumps, the pitot heat, etc. The alternator voltage only drops perhaps > 0.4 volts clearly indicating the alternator could carry the load and > was OK. > > So here I am - battery is OK, alternator is OK - engine is purring > normally, so clearly this was all a figment of my deteriorating brain > cells. I loaded up the aircraft and launched to do a few circuits of > the airport - I did so and all was operating normally and so I radio > them I was head onward to Texas. While flying (with my only > functional eyeball on the voltmeter), my mind could not let go of the > problem and finally the light bulb came on. > > The essential bus switch had (for my entire 10 + years of > flying)always been in the alternator position. The purpose of this > switch is, of course, to isolate the battery from the alternator > should the alternator fail - to prevent an alternator problem from > draining the battery. So in event of an alternator problem, you move > the switch from alternator to battery. Its call the essential bus > because you only have the essential things drawing from the battery so > you wont' drain it as quickly. The idea is to give you time > (generally around 30 minutes) to find a safe place to land in case of > alternator failure. > > > Well, at some point I had either (not paying attention) turned the > switch to battery thinking I was turning the voltmeter switch to > battery(more on that below) - or accidentally had move the switch > from alternator to battery without noticing it by kicking it, etc. > However, it was sort of protected in its position from accidental > activation. It must have happened during refueling - as I got approx > 45 minutes down the road on the battery after take off before quality > battery time started to deteriorate. As the battery voltage fell due > to the load (and no alternator link to replenish it), electrical > things (mainly computers first) started acting up until they could not > longer run the engine. The injectors would not open fully, etc. Then > as the voltage level further decreased, the master relay which the > battery held closed and which connected the (fully > functional) alternator to the rest of the electrical system - opened > up and removed ALL power from the electrical system. So no radio, no > gauges, etc. > > Oh, another little factor that may have contributed, the voltmeter > has a tiny toggle switch by it marked ALT BAT1 BAT2 for checking > alternator battery 1 and battery 2 (which I no longer fly with) > voltages. Down below It a couple of inches and off to the right is > the essential bus normal size toggle switch - also marked ALT BAT1 > BAT1. I normally never touch it and don't even think about it. But I > could have reached for the voltmeter toggle thinking to check my > battery voltage (which I do as a regular thing) and perhaps distracted > by something reached a bit further down and instead moved the > essential bus switch from Alternator to Battery causing this entire > event. I know that I did not consciously do it. So it is either > accidental or absence minded activation - either way ends with the > same results {:>) > > > Now it became clear why it didn't matter which pair of fuel injectors > I turned off - turning off either pair improved the situation because > it slightly reduced the electrical load by a few amps - and the engine > ran slightly better for a few moments. The same thing had happened > when turning off one of the EFI fuel pumps - but what threw me was the > alternator voltage continued to be normal during this. > > After I knew the cause (switch in wrong position), I decided the > problem was fixed so no reason to return to NC, and I just continued > on to Texas. > > I know some of you may think that removing my second battery was a > mistake - but, consider this, having another battery could have meant > I would have been much further from a suitable airfield before they > both went south. On the other hand, it might have caused me to at > least think to throw the essential bus switch to the second battery > and have the Light bulb come on. Who really knows. But, I have in > mind a simply addition to my electrical circuit that should help in > the future. > > > I do want to state that this time when the problems started I DID > switch fuel tanks - but naturally it had no effect because this time > it turned out, it was not a fuel problem - not the root cause at > least. > > So what are the lessons learned: > > . Put EVERY critical switch on your before-takeoff Check list > . Perhaps put a guard around such critical switches to force > conscious activation > . Don't (hard not to) get overly focused on what you think is the > problem - consider other possibilities. I thought it was a fuel > problem (I even switched fuel tanks this time) - it turned out to be > electrical in its root cause. > . While the fuel pressure was jumping all over the place and the EGT > was erratic and engine surging strongly indicating a fuel problem - > the ultimate cause was electrical. Once the voltage got below a > certain point the EC2 computer was still trying to pull the injectors > open, but with the voltage so low it could not do it properly. > . When the battery voltage dropped below a certain point, the master > relay released and removed the alternator from the electrical system > and the panel went dark - even though the alternator was still working > . Immediately turn to the nearest airfield when serious problems > occur - THEN work on fixing them. I only delayed for perhaps 2-3 > minutes, but that could have made a difference. > . Watch out for Coffin Corner turn when turning base to final - > airspeed really bleeds off fast with no engine pulling you along (and > especially with flaps deployed!) > . IF you change your mind about landing approach type - remember to > reconfigure your aircraft for the last decision - I had left my flaps > deployed when I should have remembered to retracted them. Did that > help prevent a Coffin Corner stall and spin or would it have put me > closer to it? > . You must increase airspeed over the wing to get the sufficient > energy to over come a high sink rate. Pulling back on the stick when > the ground is staring you in the face is the natural reaction - but, > pushing forward to lower the nose is the correct action - providing of > course you have sufficient altitude! > . Battery life - I had a two year old 680 odyssey battery which I > maintain a trickle charge on whenever I'm not flying. With two EFI > fuel pumps, boost pump, injectors, coils, EC2 and radio and just > having started the engine before take off - this battery lasted 55 > minutes. Well, the last 5 minutes were not quality battery time. > So in my case, 30 minutes appears to be a very realistic battery life. > In fact, had I turned off one EFI pump and the boost pump would have > gained a few more miles. But, if I had recognized the need to turn > them off at that time (I normally turn them off at cruise altitude), > then I would have known how to "fix" the problem. > . I've decided to add a Schokkty diode between my essential bus and > the alternator - so that as long as the alternator is producing > sufficient voltage, then the battery will be getting some charge to > replace the drain. I've also decided to make that switch position a > check-list item. > > So what it boils down to - if I had recognized early on that it was > an electrical problem and not focused so much on the fuel system, I > may have noticed the essential bus switch in the wrong position. > Force yourself to examine other possible causes (easy to say - harder > to do). > > NEVER, NEVER forget that flying the airplane is the first and only > priority in this type of situation > > NEVER, NEVER forget that saving your butt is the ultimately end-all > priority. When I decided that landing on the grass was preferable to > putting a hole in their concrete - I may have made a life-saving > decision. > > So that's my story and I'm sticking to it. > > Fly safe, guys!! > > Ed > Ed Anderson > > __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 3267 (20080714) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 3267 (20080714) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. ________________________________ Message 18 ____________________________________ Time: 06:26:53 PM PST US From: Rodney Dunham Subject: AeroElectric-List: Jabiru 3300 starter Jay=2C I have a Jab six-banger on my Sonex. The Jabiru 3300A engine starter does not require a "solenoid". A simple sta rter contactor is sufficient. This requires a "hot" wire to the contactor v ia a starter button (or whatever device you prefer) to activate or close th e relay during engine crank. As to whether to use a battery contactor=2C I would say this. There are ele ctrical architectural drawings in the Aeroelectric Connection to satisfy ei ther iteration. My first plane did not use a BAT contactor. My Sonex has on e. The advantage of using the BAT contactor=2C IMHO=2C is that by turning o ff the Master Switch (such as in emergencies) you are able to achieve what I call "max cold" conditions. The least stuff is energized and chances of a fire are therefore (theoretically) less. The other advantage is that=2C by using small wires to activate the relay=2C you don't have fat wires on the panel. The advantages there are threefold. Less current=2C less chance of RFI and simpler wiring at the panel. Now=2C I must hasten to add that I am not an expert. I'm a fan. I have wire d three planes so far according to the 'Connection and all have performed a s expected with no significant electrical issues. The most important things which must drive any and all decisions in wiring airplanes is that you und erstand the architecture=2C make decisions based on sound physics and do th e best craftsmanship you are able! Rodney in Tennessee Unabashed Nuckollhead DO NOT ARCHIVE _________________________________________________________________ Insert movie times and more without leaving Hotmail=AE. http://windowslive.com/Tutorial/Hotmail/QuickAdd?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_HM_Tut orial_QuickAdd_062009 ________________________________ Message 19 ____________________________________ Time: 06:34:22 PM PST US From: "Ed Anderson" Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) Hi Etienne, No one can point finger at me better than myself. As I indicated the modifications to Bob's excellent design and resulting incident rest strictly with me - no getting around that (even if I tried). As best I can recall from over 10 years ago, I decided I did not want the voltage drop caused by a isolation diode (as you might imagine I am reconsidering that decision). So when I move my essential bus switch from Alternator to Battery, the battery is completely disconnected from alternator circuit. At the same time the battery voltage is what is holding my master relay closed so that the alternator feeds the electrical system. Normally (at least for the past 10 years and 450 + hours) has worked as I had envisioned. But, never having an alternator failure, I never had reason to move the switch from the Alternator position. In this case, the switch was moved to battery which isolated the battery from the alternator completely - This was of course unintentional, but all the same resulted in exhaustion of the battery while I still had a perfectly good alternator functioning. Needless to say, that requires me to reconsider my design. The simplest fix appears to be to put the isolation diode between alternator and battery essential bus. Ed Ed Anderson Rv-6A N494BW Rotary Powered Matthews, NC eanderson@carolina.rr.com http://www.andersonee.com http://www.dmack.net/mazda/index.html http://www.flyrotary.com/ http://members.cox.net/rogersda/rotary/configs.htm#N494BW http://www.rotaryaviation.com/Rotorhead%20Truth.htm _____ From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Etienne Phillips Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 1:55 AM Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Essential Incident - Almost (Long) Hi Ed Aren't you glad you weren't flying at night! :-) A diagram of your electrical system as it was would help us understand what you did, and why its design caused the failure... Of particular interest is why switching on the e-bus disconnected the alternator. I also can't seem to make out why when the main bus still had power from the alternator, the contactor died when the e-bus voltage dropped. It may prompt Bob to suggest a better solution to what you're planning :-D Not pointing fingers here, I just can't visualise how it's all hooked up! Thanks Etienne On 03 Jun 2009, at 9:53 PM, Ed Anderson wrote: It was suggested by one of the aeroelectric list members, Sam Hoskins, that the following report of an incident I had on a recent trip be posted to the AeroElectric list for obvious reasons - once you read it. I have an all-electric Rv-6A with over 10 years and close to 500 hours on it. I based the electrical system roughly one of Bob's excellent designs. It initially had one alternator and two batteries, but removed the second battery approx 5 years ago - but, I did make one modification to the design that I almost had cause to regret. So needless to say, but I will, responsibility for design and incident is totally mine. But, to get on with the tale One the way to Texas I had an incident that ended up in with me and aircraft making a 7 mile engine-out glide into Craig Field (Selma, Alabama). NO! It was not fault of the engine or even the subsystems. But, the complete answer is not provided until after my litany of the conditions and symptoms - can you figure it out? Fly safe, guys!! Ed __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 3267 (20080714) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. ________________________________ Message 20 ____________________________________ Time: 06:54:01 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Jabiru 3300 starter From: jaybannist@cs.com Rodney, Thanks for the reply.? I have a background in electronics (from a LONG time ago), but I still get baffled by some of the airplane wiring diagrams I see.? Believe me, I insist on understanding everything about a schematic before I settle on it. Nuckolls usually clears up things I don't understand. Humm - "Nuckollhead" can take on an entirely different meaning from its usual application. Guess I consider myself that other kind {;>) Jay Do not archive -----Original Message----- From: Rodney Dunham Jay, ? I have a?Jab six-banger on my Sonex. ? The Jabiru 3300A engine starter does not require a "solenoid". A simple starter contactor is sufficient. This requires a "hot" wire to the contactor via a starter button (or whatever device you prefer) to activate or close the relay during engine crank. ? As to whether to use a battery contactor, I would say this. There are electrical architectural drawings in the Aeroelectric Connection to satisfy either iteration. My first plane did not use a BAT contactor. My Sonex has one. The advantage of using the BAT contactor, IMHO, is that by turning off the Master Switch (such as in emergencies) you are able to achieve what I call "max cold" conditions. The least stuff is energized and chances of a fire are therefore (theoretically) less. The other advantage is that, by using small wires to activate the relay, you don't have fat wires on the panel. The advantages there are threefold. Less current, less chance of RFI and simpler wiring at the panel. ? Now, I must hasten to add that I am not an expert. I'm a fan. I have wired three planes so far according to the 'Connection?and all have performed as expected with no significant electrical issues. The most important things which must drive any and all decisions in wiring airplanes is that you understand the architecture,?make decisions based on sound physics and?do the best craftsmanship you are able! ? Rodney in Tennessee Unabashed Nuckollhead ? DO NOT ARCHIVE ________________________________________________________________________ Email message sent from CompuServe - visit us today at http://www.cs.com ________________________________ Message 21 ____________________________________ Time: 10:44:36 PM PST US From: "Chris Hand" Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Re: Stereo to Mono Actually, I use a Sony Walkman in my RV-6A that has something on the order of 400+ songs right now with plenty of storage room to spare for more songs, videos, photos, etc. Weighs a few ounces, plugs into my intercom, didn't cost much, and works great. It's a Sony Walkman digital media player - smaller physical size than the i-pods my kids prefer and does all I want for the RV. Although once upon a time I did have one of the Walkman units you are talking about, Sony has rehashed the name with current technology.....not sure which era Don's Walkman is from. Chris ----- Original Message ----- From: gmcjetpilot@yahoo.com To: aeroelectric-list@matronics.com ; don@contractorsnorthwest.com Sent: Monday, June 01, 2009 3:00 AM Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Stereo to Mono I would not use a stereo to mono jack to go FROM stereo to MONO. It really is made for going from mono to drive a stereo headphone, split to drive both L & R channels. It is not designed to combine stereo to mono. Whats the big deal? Shorting L & R of an amp can cause damage, even an iPod. If the "Walkman" has a mono switch than its OK, but iPods do not have mono switches. If you don't have a MP3 player (iPod) get one. Walkman are last decades news. If you don't have an iPod you can get 100's of hours of music on them with play time of 6 hours per charge. They are also small and light weight. There are some threads on how to properly combine stereo and ground issues in this forum. Just use the search engine. The easy way is with capacitor and resistor, which you can wire behind the panel. You would use a stereo 1/8" phone jack and then go from stereo to mono with the isolation Cap and Resistor. Cheers George >From: >Subject: AeroElectric-List: Stereo to Mono > >5/30/2009 >Hello Don, You wrote: "I want to install a plug in my panel to plug my >stereo Walkman into but my intercom (PM1000 II) is mono." >Here is one way to solve that problem -- >http://www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2102669 >This adapter will put the output of a mono jack on your panel into both >sides of your stereo Walkman. >Also take a look at some of the other adapters available. You may want to >put a normal airplane earphone sized jack on your instrument panel so that >either your Walkman (with an adapter) or an airplane earphone set (without >adapter) may be plugged in. > >======================== === >> >>Subject: AeroElectric-List: Stereo to Mono >>From: "Don McIntosh" >> >>I want to install a plug in my panel to plug my stereo Walkman into but my >>intercom (PM1000 II) is mono. Can I just splice the Right and Left leads together >>to go into the intercom? Also the intercom pins are labeled "HI" and "LOW". >>Is this just the pin identification numbers? >>-------- >>Don McIntosh >>Kitfox Series 7 under construction >>Jabiru 3300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Matronics Email List Services ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post A New Message aeroelectric-list@matronics.com UN/SUBSCRIBE http://www.matronics.com/subscription List FAQ http://www.matronics.com/FAQ/AeroElectric-List.htm Web Forum Interface To Lists http://forums.matronics.com Matronics List Wiki http://wiki.matronics.com Full Archive Search Engine http://www.matronics.com/search 7-Day List Browse http://www.matronics.com/browse/aeroelectric-list Browse Digests http://www.matronics.com/digest/aeroelectric-list Browse Other Lists http://www.matronics.com/browse Live Online Chat! http://www.matronics.com/chat Archive Downloading http://www.matronics.com/archives Photo Share http://www.matronics.com/photoshare Other Email Lists http://www.matronics.com/emaillists Contributions http://www.matronics.com/contribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.