Today's Message Index:
----------------------
0. 07:57 AM - Fund Raiser Behind By 20% - Please Contribute Today! (Matt Dralle)
1. 05:49 AM - Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? (racerjerry)
2. 07:37 AM - Re: Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? (Robert L. Nuckolls, III)
3. 08:04 AM - Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? (Joe Dubner)
4. 09:38 AM - Re: Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps (Jeff Luckey)
5. 10:09 AM - Re: Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps (Vern Little)
6. 10:39 AM - Re: Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps (Bill Boyd)
7. 10:39 AM - Re: Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps (Henador Titzoff)
8. 07:10 PM - Re: alternator / generator (Richard Girard)
9. 10:22 PM - Re: alternator / generator (Ken Ryan)
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| Subject: | Fund Raiser Behind By 20% - Please Contribute Today! |
Dear Listers,
The percentage of members making a Contribution to support the Lists this year
is currently behind last year by at this time by roughly 20%. Please take this
opportunity to show your support for the Matronics Lists and Forums!
Please remember that it is *solely* your direct Contributions that keep these Lists
and Forums up and running and most importantly - AD FREE! If the members
don't want to support the Lists directly, then I might have to add advertisements
to offset the costs of running the Lists. But I don't want to have to do
that. I really like the non-commercial atmosphere here and I think that a lot
of the members appreciate that too.
Please take a moment to make a Contribution today in support of the continued ad-free
operation of all these Lists:
http://www.matronics.com/contribution
Or, drop a personal check in the mail to:
Matt Dralle / Matronics
581 Jeannie Way
Livermore CA 94550
USA
I want to send out a word of appreciation to all of the members that have already
made their generous Contribution to support the Lists! Thank you!
Matt Dralle
Email List and Forums Administrator
Message 1
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| Subject: | Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? |
Bob, would you happen to have any part numbers for an ADJUSTABLE voltage regulator
for use with 12 volt 60 A Ford type alternators? Thanks.
--------
Jerry King
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=434484#434484
Message 2
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| Subject: | Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? |
At 07:47 2014-11-24, you wrote:
>
>Bob, would you happen to have any part numbers for an ADJUSTABLE
>voltage regulator for use with 12 volt 60 A Ford type alternators? Thanks.
No, I've never seen one in the wild. Some
years ago, I explored the idea of adding
a trim pot to the board of an existing
design. I bonded a ten-turn pot to the
top surface of a the ECB aligned with
an access hole in the lid. Then added
some jumper wires and one resistor to
the assembly so that I could 'tug' on
the regulator's voltage sampling node.
Worked just fine. Took about 40 minutes
labor and $3 parts to install . . . didn't
seem like a marketable idea so I didn't
pursue it.
These regulators are consistent and
well within the 'satisfactory' operations
range of the svla battery. The notion of
being able to control it seems like adding
an adjustment to the tension spring on
a windshield wiper . . . intellectually
satisfying perhaps . . . but AutoZone
probably couldn't sell it.
B&C has an adjustable 'stone simple'
regulator for their PM alternators . . .
but we're finding that contemporary
off-the-shelf PM rectifier/regulators
have achieved the no-hassles/no-worries
stature of their cousins in the wound
field regulator world . . . that adjustment
is probably going to go away.
Bob . . .
Message 3
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| Subject: | Re: Voltage regulator recommendation? |
Thanks for the links and part numbers, Bob. Yes, the auto parts stores are full
of them but I was trying to prevent a repeat of what happened with my first one.
I suppose I'll just gamble another $20 since the odds are 99:1 in my favor
unless someone can give a recommendation for "XXX by YYY".
--
Joe
Robert L. Nuckolls, III wrote, On 11/23/2014 18:46:
> <nuckolls.bob@aeroelectric.com>
>
> At 11:10 2014-11-23, you wrote:
>
> I'm in the market for a new "Ford-type VR166" voltage regulator. My
> existing one produces occasional "switching noise" that's audible in my
> intercom.
> Worse yet, with the onset of cooler weather the charging voltage has
> been creeping upward (15.0 volts after start settling down to 14.7 in a
> few minutes). There are no adjustments so I'd like to replace it with
> one of proven quality.
>
> Can anyone give me a first-hand recommendation for a voltage regulator
> that they're happy with and doesn't cost an arm-and-a-leg? Not a "just
> Google VR166
> regulator" or look on eBay please.
>
> You sound 'cautious' as to your selection
> of devices. The modern incarnation of that
> product line is 40+ years old and it seems
> that everyone still making them should
> have figured out how to do it.
>
> The best recommendation anyone can make
> is "I got an XXX by YYY and it's not
> given me any trouble for ZZZ hours."
> But I'm pretty sure that 99% of what's
> offered out there would deliver to the
> same observation.
>
> Regulators are not critical for comfortable
> continuation of flight, therefore, sampling
> from the range of offerings is a low risk
> experiment and the odds are very much in
> your favor.
>
> Go to a local auto parts store and get
> one of their VR166 (or clone) . . . with
> $20 price point. Here's a few of many
> possibilities.
>
> http://tinyurl.com/puzalge
>
> http://tinyurl.com/l9jvymv
>
> http://tinyurl.com/l9jvymv
>
> The Wells VR749 and Motorcraft GR540
> are alternative numbers to cross
> reference.
>
>
>
>
> Bob . . .
Message 4
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| Subject: | Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps |
wow, "thermionic emission" - I like that!=0A=0ADoes it have anything to do
with tachyon fields or photon torpedoes? ;)=0A=0A-Jeff=0A=0Ado not archiv
e=0A=0A=0A=0AOn Sunday, November 23, 2014 11:24 AM, Eric M. Jones <emjones@
ric M. Jones" <emjones@charter.net>=0A=0AI built medical lighting systems f
or decades. These included halogens, HIDs, xenon arcs, flashing xenon gas t
ubes, even flashing short-arcs, HP Sodiums and some other esoteric systems
such as mercury arc UV systems. =0A=0AI am also a giant proponent of LEDs.
=0A=0ABut I could easily make the case for HIDs being the premier light sou
rce as far as optics go, because they have the highest source luminance of
any possible (okay, non-nuclear) light source. This is to say, they are ver
y small and very brilliant, which makes possible the design of optics sendi
ng the most light down range most effectively. =0A=0ASo why doesn't the who
le world use HIDs? Two reasons: =0A=0A1) It's because they require power su
pplies (ballasts + starters) that are specifically designed for them. These
power supplies used to be relatively expensive, but not so now. Although H
IDs have remarkably long lifetimes (5000 hours is typical), the power suppl
ies have shorter lifetimes than that, especially if they are abused.=0A=0A
2) They are still relatively new. We have seen small HIDs only since 1990.
=0A=0AEven though LEDs will be everywhere, we will still see HIDs where lon
g searchlight beams are required. Xenons will be a player too, mostly where
color rendition is critical and cost isn't.=0A=0AMy experience has never b
een that HIDs are noisy. The trick is to keep the electrodes in thermionic
emission (hot). A cool electrode makes a noisy lamp.=0A=0ASince I sell wig-
wags where people want to use them with HIDs, I offer the following abbrevi
ated advice:=0A=0A--everything I know says not to wig-wag HID lamps because
they will have shorter lamp lifetimes. Everything that is an advantage of
HID lamps disappears quickly if one abuses them by, oh let's say=C3=A2
=82=AC=C2 2500 restarts per hour! ... Furthermore, switched mode power s
upplies and starters are particularly failure-prone when abused. I can prom
ise you that the manufacturer of the lamp-supply and starter DO NOT warrant
y their devices to be used in this fashion. =0A=0ABut here is what it takes
if you want to do it. Here are the basic issues with HID lamps used with P
erihelion Design=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2s Wig-Wags:=0A=0A1: The high-voltag
e ignition can feed back through the wiring and destroy solid-state electro
nics. Everything might be okay, then on some rainy night=C3=A2=82=AC=C2
ka-pow=C3=A2=82=AC=C2! To prevent this I have added a bidirectiona
l Zener, near the ballast. DO NOT put it between the HV ignitor and the lam
p. These parts are P6KE18CA (for 14V systems) which I also sell as SnapJack
s.=0A=0A2: The sudden negative resistance of the lamp induces a large curre
nt, which if it comes from the Wig-Wag, will destroy the device. A CL-21 In
rush current limiter will prevent this for HID lamps up to 50 W. For larger
HID lamps use CL-11. The current limiters will get hot, as they are suppos
ed to, and should be placed where they don=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2t get air
-cooled.=0A=0ASo I still love LEDs, but if you really need to see the deer
at the other end of the runway, HIDs will do the job. If you want to wig-wa
g them, expect shorter lamp lifetimes, and shorter ballast lifetimes.=0A=0A
ps: Bob, my last (175W) xenon short arc system was so EMC/RFI quiet that th
e test technician could not tell if it was on or off unless he opened the t
est chamber door and LOOKED to see if it had light coming out.=0A=0A-------
-=0AEric M. Jones=0Awww.PerihelionDesign.com=0A113 Brentwood Drive=0ASouthb
ridge, MA 01550=0A(508) 764-2072=0Aemjones(at)charter.net=0A=0A=0A=0A=0ARea
d this topic online here:=0A=0Ahttp://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p
=========================0A
===========
Message 5
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| Subject: | Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps |
No, just vacuum tubes and CRTs. Don=99t you remember the 1960s?
Perhaps a better term would be =98boiling electrons=99 but
that=99s too street for us highbrows .
From: Jeff Luckey
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2014 9:36 AM
Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps
wow, "thermionic emission" - I like that!
Does it have anything to do with tachyon fields or photon torpedoes?
;)
-Jeff
do not archive
On Sunday, November 23, 2014 11:24 AM, Eric M. Jones
<emjones@charter.net> wrote:
<emjones@charter.net>
I built medical lighting systems for decades. These included halogens,
HIDs, xenon arcs, flashing xenon gas tubes, even flashing short-arcs, HP
Sodiums and some other esoteric systems such as mercury arc UV systems.
I am also a giant proponent of LEDs.
But I could easily make the case for HIDs being the premier light source
as far as optics go, because they have the highest source luminance of
any possible (okay, non-nuclear) light source. This is to say, they are
very small and very brilliant, which makes possible the design of optics
sending the most light down range most effectively.
So why doesn't the whole world use HIDs? Two reasons:
1) It's because they require power supplies (ballasts + starters) that
are specifically designed for them. These power supplies used to be
relatively expensive, but not so now. Although HIDs have remarkably long
lifetimes (5000 hours is typical), the power supplies have shorter
lifetimes than that, especially if they are abused.
2) They are still relatively new. We have seen small HIDs only since
1990.
Even though LEDs will be everywhere, we will still see HIDs where long
searchlight beams are required. Xenons will be a player too, mostly
where color rendition is critical and cost isn't.
My experience has never been that HIDs are noisy. The trick is to keep
the electrodes in thermionic emission (hot). A cool electrode makes a
noisy lamp.
Since I sell wig-wags where people want to use them with HIDs, I offer
the following abbreviated advice:
--everything I know says not to wig-wag HID lamps because they will have
shorter lamp lifetimes. Everything that is an advantage of HID lamps
disappears quickly if one abuses them by, oh let's
say=C3=A2=82=AC=C2 2500 restarts per hour! ... Furthermore,
switched mode power supplies and starters are particularly failure-prone
when abused. I can promise you that the manufacturer of the lamp-supply
and starter DO NOT warranty their devices to be used in this fashion.
But here is what it takes if you want to do it. Here are the basic
issues with HID lamps used with Perihelion
Design=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2s Wig-Wags:
1: The high-voltage ignition can feed back through the wiring and
destroy solid-state electronics. Everything might be okay, then on some
rainy night=C3=A2=82=AC=C2ka-pow=C3=A2=82=AC=C2! To prevent
this I have added a bidirectional Zener, near the ballast. DO NOT put it
between the HV ignitor and the lamp. These parts are P6KE18CA (for 14V
systems) which I also sell as SnapJacks.
2: The sudden negative resistance of the lamp induces a large current,
which if it comes from the Wig-Wag, will destroy the device. A CL-21
Inrush current limiter will prevent this for HID lamps up to 50 W. For
larger HID lamps use CL-11. The current limiters will get hot, as they
are supposed to, and should be placed where they
don=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2t get air-cooled.
So I still love LEDs, but if you really need to see the deer at the
other end of the runway, HIDs will do the job. If you want to wig-wag
them, expect shorter lamp lifetimes, and shorter ballast lifetimes.
ps: Bob, my last (175W) xenon short arc system was so EMC/RFI quiet that
the test technician could not tell if it was on or off unless he opened
the test chamber door and LOOKED to see if it had light coming out.
--------
Eric M. Jones
www.PerihelionDesign.com
113 Brentwood Drive
Southbridge, MA 01550
(508) 764-2072
emjones(at)charter.net
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=434465#434465
http://www.matronics.com/contributionhank you for nbsp; -Matt
Dralle, List Admin.
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?AeroElectric-List
http://forums.matronics.com
Message 6
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| Subject: | Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps |
Thermionic emission. Yeah. Fleming was rectifying AC with it 110 years
ago, and then a couple years later, DeForest stuck a hairpin between the
'odes and started the electronic age with detection and amplification..
.the rest is history.
On Mon, Nov 24, 2014 at 12:36 PM, Jeff Luckey <jluckey@pacbell.net> wrote:
> wow, "thermionic emission" - I like that!
>
> Does it have anything to do with tachyon fields or photon torpedoes? ;)
>
> -Jeff
>
> do not archive
>
>
> On Sunday, November 23, 2014 11:24 AM, Eric M. Jones <
> emjones@charter.net> wrote:
>
>
> emjones@charter.net>
>
> I built medical lighting systems for decades. These included halogens,
> HIDs, xenon arcs, flashing xenon gas tubes, even flashing short-arcs, HP
> Sodiums and some other esoteric systems such as mercury arc UV systems.
>
> I am also a giant proponent of LEDs.
>
> But I could easily make the case for HIDs being the premier light source
> as far as optics go, because they have the highest source luminance of an
y
> possible (okay, non-nuclear) light source. This is to say, they are very
> small and very brilliant, which makes possible the design of optics sendi
ng
> the most light down range most effectively.
>
> So why doesn't the whole world use HIDs? Two reasons:
>
> 1) It's because they require power supplies (ballasts + starters) that ar
e
> specifically designed for them. These power supplies used to be relativel
y
> expensive, but not so now. Although HIDs have remarkably long lifetimes
> (5000 hours is typical), the power supplies have shorter lifetimes than
> that, especially if they are abused.
>
> 2) They are still relatively new. We have seen small HIDs only since 1990
.
>
> Even though LEDs will be everywhere, we will still see HIDs where long
> searchlight beams are required. Xenons will be a player too, mostly where
> color rendition is critical and cost isn't.
>
> My experience has never been that HIDs are noisy. The trick is to keep th
e
> electrodes in thermionic emission (hot). A cool electrode makes a noisy
> lamp.
>
> Since I sell wig-wags where people want to use them with HIDs, I offer th
e
> following abbreviated advice:
>
> --everything I know says not to wig-wag HID lamps because they will have
> shorter lamp lifetimes. Everything that is an advantage of HID lamps
> disappears quickly if one abuses them by, oh let's say=C3=A2=82=AC=C2
2500 restarts per
> hour! ... Furthermore, switched mode power supplies and starters are
> particularly failure-prone when abused. I can promise you that the
> manufacturer of the lamp-supply and starter DO NOT warranty their devices
> to be used in this fashion.
>
> But here is what it takes if you want to do it. Here are the basic issues
> with HID lamps used with Perihelion Design=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2s Wig-W
ags:
>
> 1: The high-voltage ignition can feed back through the wiring and destroy
> solid-state electronics. Everything might be okay, then on some rainy
> night=C3=A2=82=AC=C2ka-pow=C3=A2=82=AC=C2! To prevent this I
have added a bidirectional Zener, near
> the ballast. DO NOT put it between the HV ignitor and the lamp. These par
ts
> are P6KE18CA (for 14V systems) which I also sell as SnapJacks.
>
> 2: The sudden negative resistance of the lamp induces a large current,
> which if it comes from the Wig-Wag, will destroy the device. A CL-21 Inru
sh
> current limiter will prevent this for HID lamps up to 50 W. For larger HI
D
> lamps use CL-11. The current limiters will get hot, as they are supposed
> to, and should be placed where they don=C3=A2=82=AC=84=A2t get air-
cooled.
>
> So I still love LEDs, but if you really need to see the deer at the other
> end of the runway, HIDs will do the job. If you want to wig-wag them,
> expect shorter lamp lifetimes, and shorter ballast lifetimes.
>
> ps: Bob, my last (175W) xenon short arc system was so EMC/RFI quiet that
> the test technician could not tell if it was on or off unless he opened t
he
> test chamber door and LOOKED to see if it had light coming out.
>
> --------
> Eric M. Jones
> www.PerihelionDesign.com
> 113 Brentwood Drive
> Southbridge, MA 01550
> (508) 764-2072
> emjones(at)charter.net
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=434465#434465
>
>
> http://www.matronics.com/contributionhank you for nbsp; -Matt
> Dralle, List Admin.
> http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?AeroElectric-List
> http://forums.matronics.com
>
>
> *
>
===========
m>
ldersbooks.com>
.com>
com>
om/contribution>
===========
www.matronics.com/Navigator?AeroElectric-List>
===========
===========
>
> *
>
>
Message 7
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| Subject: | Re: EMC lab look-see on HID lamps |
Message 8
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| Subject: | Re: alternator / generator |
Ken, I've been off the forum for a few weeks and just saw your request for
info on the Rotax alternator (dynamo). Can you quote chapter and verse of
the manual you are referencing?
One of my custormers has a 912 in a JA Highlander that was down for months
fixing a long list of defects found during the annual conditional
inspection and the battery started the engine just fine when we were done.
The 582 on my Kolb has the same basic alternator. I did a major rebuild on
the airplane and it was down for over 18 months. The engine started right
up when I took it out and that was with a five year old 18 AH SLA battery.
Rick Girard
On Wed, Nov 12, 2014 at 12:47 PM, Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com> wrote:
> Thanks Bob,
>
> I was wondering about that 80 amp fuse. It seems better to connect the bus
> directly to the battery. With regards to the 1 amp fuse that you say is
> unnecessary, why do you say that? Isn't it there to protect the wire that
> runs from the battery to relay 58? I think the reasoning behind wiring one
> fuel pump to the generator, is because the 914 relies on an electric fuel
> pump, and they are trying to provide two independent power sources for each
> pump.
>
> On Wed, Nov 12, 2014 at 9:18 AM, Robert L. Nuckolls, III <
> nuckolls.bob@aeroelectric.com> wrote:
>
>> At 11:01 2014-11-12, you wrote:
>>
>> Thanks Bob. I do have the book. I am building a Just Aircraft SuperSTOL.
>> A previous lister said that the IG wire from the external alternator needs
>> to be disconnected to avoid drawing down the battery, which it is on the
>> Rotax diagram (via the master switch). Are you saying that you disagree
>> with this and that the IG wired does not need to be disconnected to avoid
>> drawing down the battery?
>>
>>
>> Ooops . . . sorry 'bout that. We're talking about the wound-field
>> alternator . . . not the PM machine. That light doesn't work with much
>> more
>> intelligence than that annunciator on the PM rectifier/regulator.
>> It's definitely dark when the alternator is working but may
>> not light when the alternator is inadequate to system
>> needs. I don't use those outputs either.
>>
>> If you're planning on ACTIVE NOTIFICATION OF LOW VOLTS then
>> you can simply leave the light off the panel and leave the
>> terminal disconnected.
>>
>> But you're correct, when wired per the Rotax drawing, IG gets
>> disconnected when the big-alternator switch is OFF . . . so if
>> you plan to use the light, wired as shown eliminates the
>> concern.
>>
>> An interesting feature of their wiring gives you no control
>> over the little alternator . . . it is automatically switched
>> ON via relay (58) with an unnecessary, 1A fuse in the coil
>> lead. This relay closes as soon as you turn on the master
>> switch and will stay closed as long as the engine is running
>> even if battery relay (38) is opened. Bringing engine
>> rpm down will slowly drop voltage on the bus . . . and
>> might cause the little-alternator relay to drop but
>> this raises all kinds of questions about the behaviors
>> of the ship's accessories.
>>
>> The relay will certainly drop after the engine is shut
>> down.
>>
>> Another interesting feature uses the little-alternator
>> output to power up one of two fuel pumps whether or not
>> the master switch is ON.
>>
>> The 80A breaker is, in US TC aircraft philosophy, not
>> necessary or useful.
>>
>>
>> [image: Emacs!]
>>
>>
>> Bob . . .
>>
>
>
--
Believe those who are seeking the truth, doubt those who find it.
-Andre Gide
Message 9
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| Subject: | Re: alternator / generator |
Rick, It's the wiring diagram from the Installation Manual for the 914.
On Mon, Nov 24, 2014 at 7:08 PM, Richard Girard <aslsa.rng@gmail.com> wrote:
> Ken, I've been off the forum for a few weeks and just saw your request for
> info on the Rotax alternator (dynamo). Can you quote chapter and verse of
> the manual you are referencing?
> One of my custormers has a 912 in a JA Highlander that was down for months
> fixing a long list of defects found during the annual conditional
> inspection and the battery started the engine just fine when we were done.
> The 582 on my Kolb has the same basic alternator. I did a major rebuild on
> the airplane and it was down for over 18 months. The engine started right
> up when I took it out and that was with a five year old 18 AH SLA battery.
>
> Rick Girard
>
> On Wed, Nov 12, 2014 at 12:47 PM, Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Thanks Bob,
>>
>> I was wondering about that 80 amp fuse. It seems better to connect the
>> bus directly to the battery. With regards to the 1 amp fuse that you say is
>> unnecessary, why do you say that? Isn't it there to protect the wire that
>> runs from the battery to relay 58? I think the reasoning behind wiring one
>> fuel pump to the generator, is because the 914 relies on an electric fuel
>> pump, and they are trying to provide two independent power sources for each
>> pump.
>>
>> On Wed, Nov 12, 2014 at 9:18 AM, Robert L. Nuckolls, III <
>> nuckolls.bob@aeroelectric.com> wrote:
>>
>>> At 11:01 2014-11-12, you wrote:
>>>
>>> Thanks Bob. I do have the book. I am building a Just Aircraft SuperSTOL.
>>> A previous lister said that the IG wire from the external alternator needs
>>> to be disconnected to avoid drawing down the battery, which it is on the
>>> Rotax diagram (via the master switch). Are you saying that you disagree
>>> with this and that the IG wired does not need to be disconnected to avoid
>>> drawing down the battery?
>>>
>>>
>>> Ooops . . . sorry 'bout that. We're talking about the wound-field
>>> alternator . . . not the PM machine. That light doesn't work with much
>>> more
>>> intelligence than that annunciator on the PM rectifier/regulator.
>>> It's definitely dark when the alternator is working but may
>>> not light when the alternator is inadequate to system
>>> needs. I don't use those outputs either.
>>>
>>> If you're planning on ACTIVE NOTIFICATION OF LOW VOLTS then
>>> you can simply leave the light off the panel and leave the
>>> terminal disconnected.
>>>
>>> But you're correct, when wired per the Rotax drawing, IG gets
>>> disconnected when the big-alternator switch is OFF . . . so if
>>> you plan to use the light, wired as shown eliminates the
>>> concern.
>>>
>>> An interesting feature of their wiring gives you no control
>>> over the little alternator . . . it is automatically switched
>>> ON via relay (58) with an unnecessary, 1A fuse in the coil
>>> lead. This relay closes as soon as you turn on the master
>>> switch and will stay closed as long as the engine is running
>>> even if battery relay (38) is opened. Bringing engine
>>> rpm down will slowly drop voltage on the bus . . . and
>>> might cause the little-alternator relay to drop but
>>> this raises all kinds of questions about the behaviors
>>> of the ship's accessories.
>>>
>>> The relay will certainly drop after the engine is shut
>>> down.
>>>
>>> Another interesting feature uses the little-alternator
>>> output to power up one of two fuel pumps whether or not
>>> the master switch is ON.
>>>
>>> The 80A breaker is, in US TC aircraft philosophy, not
>>> necessary or useful.
>>>
>>>
>>> [image: Emacs!]
>>>
>>>
>>> Bob . . .
>>>
>>
>>
>
>
> --
>
>
> Believe those who are seeking the truth, doubt those who find it.
> -Andre Gide
>
>
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