---------------------------------------------------------- AeroElectric-List Digest Archive --- Total Messages Posted Fri 04/15/16: 16 ---------------------------------------------------------- Today's Message Index: ---------------------- 1. 06:05 AM - Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram (John) 2. 10:06 AM - CAN Bus wiring (Carlos Trigo) 3. 10:22 AM - Re: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram (Ralph E. Capen) 4. 10:39 AM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (GTH) 5. 10:56 AM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Daniel Hooper) 6. 11:01 AM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Charlie England) 7. 11:25 AM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Rob Turk) 8. 12:03 PM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Carlos Trigo) 9. 12:24 PM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Rick Beebe) 10. 12:47 PM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Craig L. Reding) 11. 12:52 PM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Rob Turk) 12. 01:16 PM - CAN Bus wiring (Charlie England) 13. 05:08 PM - Re: CAN Bus wiring (Carlos Trigo) 14. 05:46 PM - Re: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram (Matt Dralle) 15. 06:36 PM - Re: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram (John) 16. 09:19 PM - Re: Capacitance fuel sensors (speedy11@aol.com) ________________________________ Message 1 _____________________________________ Time: 06:05:27 AM PST US From: "John" Subject: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram Need to do some trouble shooting (elevator trim) on my flying RV6A. Its been a long time since installation and I cannot find my MK III Governor wiring diagram. Anyone able to help with an e-copy? Have Infinity grips if that matters. Thanks, John ________________________________ Message 2 _____________________________________ Time: 10:06:27 AM PST US From: "Carlos Trigo" Subject: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the various components you have to build a network called CAN Bus, similar to the syste m created by BOSCH for the automotive industry. I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to physically build this network. In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the autopilot servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the connectors, therefore in this case I suppose I have to crimp 2 wires in the same pin. But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please explain ho w do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. Best Carlos --- Este e-mail foi verificado em termos de v=C3=ADrus pelo software antiv=C3 =ADrus Avast. https://www.avast.com/antivirus ________________________________ Message 3 _____________________________________ Time: 10:22:38 AM PST US From: "Ralph E. Capen" Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram I'll look for mine at the hangar and scan them if I find them. I should keep an electronic copy anyway..... -----Original Message----- From: John Sent: Apr 15, 2016 9:00 AM Subject: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram Need to do some trouble shooting (elevator trim) on my flying RV6A. Its been a long time since installation and I cannot find my MK III Governor wiring diagram. Anyone able to help with an e-copy? Have Infinity grips if that matters. Thanks, John ________________________________ Message 4 _____________________________________ Time: 10:39:52 AM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring From: GTH Le 15/04/2016 19:04, Carlos Trigo a crit : > > But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they > show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > Hi Carlos, How about some SubD connectors ? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus FWIW -- Best regards, Gilles http://contrails.free.fr http://lapierre.skunkworks.free.fr ________________________________ Message 5 _____________________________________ Time: 10:56:53 AM PST US From: Daniel Hooper Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring You can get really fancy and try to fab up some kind of tap-off connector, but generally you just need to make sure the stub length of the tap wires is relatively small (ie just a few inches or less) Considering that CANBus requires termination, I=99m surprised they don=99t give very specific guidance on how to install it. > On Apr 15, 2016, at 12:34 PM, GTH wrote: > > Le 15/04/2016 19:04, Carlos Trigo a =C3=A9crit : >> >> But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > > Hi Carlos, > How about some SubD connectors ? > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus > > FWIW > > -- > Best regards, > Gilles > http://contrails.free.fr > http://lapierre.skunkworks.free.fr ________________________________ Message 6 _____________________________________ Time: 11:01:36 AM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring From: Charlie England On 4/15/2016 12:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the > various components you have to build a network called CAN Bus, similar > to the system created by BOSCH for the automotive industry. > > I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to physically > build this network. > > In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the autopilot > servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the connectors, > therefore in this case I suppose I have to crimp 2 wires in the same pin. > > But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they > show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > > So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please > explain how do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to > obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. > > Best > > Carlos > Carlos, I've never needed to know a lot about CAN bus architecture, but my gut reaction is that since it's stone cold reliable in cars, so it's probably neither expensive or difficult to implement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus Above says that it's wiring architecture-agnostic (can be bus, star or mix of both). I did a little reading & it seems that unless you're in a very high electrical noise environment, shielding probably isn't even needed. Twisted pairs and termination resistors are recommended, however. If you use a short 'stub' wire out of each connector, and crimp your two wires onto that stub, you have created, well, literally, a very short *stub* from the bus backbone to that node. Note that the drawings on the Wiki page don't depict a shield. If you do use a shield, you should be able to use the techniques in 'the book' to keep continuity in the backbone shield & realize that a 4" (or even a foot long) unshielded stub isn't going to hurt. FWIW, Charlie ________________________________ Message 7 _____________________________________ Time: 11:25:56 AM PST US From: Rob Turk Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring Hi Carlos, CAN bus attaches all systems in parallel on a 2-wire bus. Each node/system has a CAN-Hi and a CAN-Lo pin. As you already found, each pin has two wires in the same pin, one coming from the previous node and one going to the next node. The first and the last node on the string have a terminating resistor that you can place externally onto the cable, or when the node offers one internally, by adding a jumper inside the last connector. Not sure which AHRS drawings you are looking at, but some nodes offer other bus connections like RS-232 or RS-485. Is that what confused you? Rob On 4/15/2016 7:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the > various components you have to build a network called CAN Bus, similar > to the system created by BOSCH for the automotive industry. > > I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to physically > build this network. > > In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the autopilot > servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the connectors, > therefore in this case I suppose I have to crimp 2 wires in the same pin. > > But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they > show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > > So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please > explain how do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to > obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. > > Best > > Carlos > > > > Sem vrus. www.avast.com > ________________________________ Message 8 _____________________________________ Time: 12:03:50 PM PST US From: "Carlos Trigo" Subject: RE: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring Hi Rob I did understand that the CAN bus attaches all items in parallel on a 2-wir e cable. I also understood that there are terminators to be put in the first and las t nodes. My problem is with the intermediate nodes! In the case of the servos (please see the 1st attached pdf), I suppose tha t I will have to crimp 2 wires (in and out) in the same pin, thus making th e continuity. But in the case of connecting the GSU 25 (AHARS) with the Display units (GD U 46X/37X) - please see the 2nd attached pdf, in which the CAN bus is conne cted thru nodes inserted in the middle of the 2-wire cable - that=99s where I don=99t know how to physically make those connections. Should I strip a small length of the each wire and make a pigtail with a so lder sleeve? Thanks Carlos From: owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-aeroelectr ic-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Rob Turk Sent: sexta-feira, 15 de Abril de 2016 19:22 Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring Hi Carlos, CAN bus attaches all systems in parallel on a 2-wire bus. Each node/system has a CAN-Hi and a CAN-Lo pin. As you already found, each pin has two wires in the same pin, one coming from the previous node and one going to the ne xt node. The first and the last node on the string have a terminating resis tor that you can place externally onto the cable, or when the node offers o ne internally, by adding a jumper inside the last connector. Not sure which AHRS drawings you are looking at, but some nodes offer other bus connections like RS-232 or RS-485. Is that what confused you? Rob On 4/15/2016 7:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the various com ponents you have to build a network called CAN Bus, similar to the system c reated by BOSCH for the automotive industry. I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to physically build t his network. In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the autopilot servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the connectors, therefore in t his case I suppose I have to crimp 2 wires in the same pin. But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please explain ho w do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. Best Carlos Sem v=C3=ADrus. www.avast.com --- Este e-mail foi verificado em termos de v=C3=ADrus pelo software antiv=C3 =ADrus Avast. https://www.avast.com/antivirus ________________________________ Message 9 _____________________________________ Time: 12:24:47 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring From: Rick Beebe You can wire it the same as the servos. For example, Pin 46 of the 2nd GDU would have a wire from pin 46 of the first GDU and a second wire heading either to the 3rd GDU or to pin 1 of the GSU. It's functionally the same as using little stub wires. --Rick On 04/15/2016 02:59 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > Hi Rob > > I did understand that the CAN bus attaches all items in parallel on a > 2-wire cable. > > I also understood that there are terminators to be put in the first > and last nodes. > > My problem is with the intermediate nodes! > > In the case of the servos (please see the 1^st attached pdf), I > suppose that I will have to crimp 2 wires (in and out) in the same > pin, thus making the continuity. > > But in the case of connecting the GSU 25 (AHARS) with the Display > units (GDU 46X/37X) - please see the 2^nd attached pdf, in which the > CAN bus is connected thru nodes inserted in the middle of the 2-wire > cable - thats where I dont know how to physically make those > connections. > > Should I strip a small length of the each wire and make a pigtail with > a solder sleeve? > > Thanks > > Carlos > > *From:*owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com > [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] *On Behalf Of > *Rob Turk > *Sent:* sexta-feira, 15 de Abril de 2016 19:22 > *To:* aeroelectric-list@matronics.com > *Subject:* Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring > > Hi Carlos, > > CAN bus attaches all systems in parallel on a 2-wire bus. Each > node/system has a CAN-Hi and a CAN-Lo pin. As you already found, each > pin has two wires in the same pin, one coming from the previous node > and one going to the next node. The first and the last node on the > string have a terminating resistor that you can place externally onto > the cable, or when the node offers one internally, by adding a jumper > inside the last connector. > > Not sure which AHRS drawings you are looking at, but some nodes offer > other bus connections like RS-232 or RS-485. Is that what confused you? > > Rob > > > On 4/15/2016 7:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the > various components you have to build a network called CAN Bus, > similar to the system created by BOSCH for the automotive industry. > > I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to > physically build this network. > > In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the > autopilot servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the > connectors, therefore in this case I suppose I have to crimp 2 > wires in the same pin. > > But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) > they show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > > So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please > explain how do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to > obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. > > Best > > Carlos > > > > > > Sem vrus. www.avast.com > > > > Sem vrus. www.avast.com > > > ________________________________ Message 10 ____________________________________ Time: 12:47:53 PM PST US From: "Craig L. Reding" Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring Carlos Don't know if you have seen some of the YouTube videos by SteinAir. He has s ome great videos on using solder sleeves and making up terminals. I just finished wiring up my panel which is a G3x system using the info from Steins videos and the cartoons from Bob on splicing two wires together at a pin. Keep your can bus runs as short as possible if you are not using shielded wi res and make sure that you use the termination at the end of the run and you should be fine Craig > On Apr 15, 2016, at 14:22, Rob Turk wrote: > > Hi Carlos, > > CAN bus attaches all systems in parallel on a 2-wire bus. Each node/system has a CAN-Hi and a CAN-Lo pin. As you already found, each pin has two wires in the same pin, one coming from the previous node and one going to t he next node. The first and the last node on the string have a terminating r esistor that you can place externally onto the cable, or when the node offer s one internally, by adding a jumper inside the last connector. > > Not sure which AHRS drawings you are looking at, but some nodes offer othe r bus connections like RS-232 or RS-485. Is that what confused you? > > Rob > > >> On 4/15/2016 7:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: >> In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the various c omponents you have to build a network called CAN Bus, similar to the system c reated by BOSCH for the automotive industry. >> >> I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to physically build this network. >> In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the autopilot servo s) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the connectors, therefore in t his case I suppose I have to crimp 2 wires in the same pin. >> But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) they sho w a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. >> >> So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please explain h ow do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. >> >> Best >> Carlos >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Sem v=C3=ADrus. www.avast.com > ________________________________ Message 11 ____________________________________ Time: 12:52:30 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring From: Rob Turk Hi Carlos, On the second drawing you can use the same method of putting two wires in a single pin, this will be a valid CAN bus connection. That is the 'clean' option. However, this is a big connector with lots of tightly spaced pins. Fitting two wires in each pin and connecting the shields may be a bit difficult inside the connector cap. Therefor you can also use the alternative of two small pieces of wire (a stub) and splice the CAN bus to attach those two wires. It is equally valid for CAN bus, as long as you keep the stub short (5 - 10 cm or so). Not as clean but equally valid. Rob On 4/15/2016 8:59 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > Hi Rob > > I did understand that the CAN bus attaches all items in parallel on a > 2-wire cable. > > I also understood that there are terminators to be put in the first > and last nodes. > > My problem is with the intermediate nodes! > > In the case of the servos (please see the 1^st attached pdf), I > suppose that I will have to crimp 2 wires (in and out) in the same > pin, thus making the continuity. > > But in the case of connecting the GSU 25 (AHARS) with the Display > units (GDU 46X/37X) - please see the 2^nd attached pdf, in which the > CAN bus is connected thru nodes inserted in the middle of the 2-wire > cable - thats where I dont know how to physically make those > connections. > > Should I strip a small length of the each wire and make a pigtail with > a solder sleeve? > > Thanks > > Carlos > > *From:*owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com > [mailto:owner-aeroelectric-list-server@matronics.com] *On Behalf Of > *Rob Turk > *Sent:* sexta-feira, 15 de Abril de 2016 19:22 > *To:* aeroelectric-list@matronics.com > *Subject:* Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring > > Hi Carlos, > > CAN bus attaches all systems in parallel on a 2-wire bus. Each > node/system has a CAN-Hi and a CAN-Lo pin. As you already found, each > pin has two wires in the same pin, one coming from the previous node > and one going to the next node. The first and the last node on the > string have a terminating resistor that you can place externally onto > the cable, or when the node offers one internally, by adding a jumper > inside the last connector. > > Not sure which AHRS drawings you are looking at, but some nodes offer > other bus connections like RS-232 or RS-485. Is that what confused you? > > Rob > > > On 4/15/2016 7:04 PM, Carlos Trigo wrote: > > In the installation of a Garmin G3X system, to interconnect the > various components you have to build a network called CAN Bus, > similar to the system created by BOSCH for the automotive industry. > > I cannot find, in the Garmin installation manual, how to > physically build this network. > > In some interconnect drawings (for example to connect the > autopilot servos) they show the CAN wires going in and out of the > connectors, therefore in this case I suppose I have to crimp 2 > wires in the same pin. > > But in other drawings ( to connect to the AHARS or the Displays) > they show a node connection, which I am wondering how to make it. > > So, can anyone who knows how to do it, or already did it, please > explain how do I physically connect the 2-wires shielded cables to > obtain a correctly built CAN bus backbone. > > Best > > Carlos > > > > > > Sem vrus. www.avast.com > > > > Sem vrus. www.avast.com > > > ________________________________ Message 12 ____________________________________ Time: 01:16:50 PM PST US Subject: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring From: Charlie England Quick & dirty pic of what I mentioned earlier as a 'stub'. Ignore colors; I just grabbed what was convenient to get the pic. Crimp or solder the 'stub' in one end of a butt splice (yellow in pic); apply your required pin to the other end. Cut into the bus backbone, and snip one of the wires in the pair. Insert *both* of the clipped wire ends into the other end of the butt splice. Repeat for the other wire in the pair. Assuming you've kept the shield on the backbone, if you can cut into the cable without actually cutting the shield (yes, it can almost always be done), then tape it up & you're done. If not, or you want a cleaner look, manage the shield as shown in Bob's book, with insulated stubs on each shield with a butt splice on the shield stubs. The shield does not need to enter the node's connector. Charlie ________________________________ Message 13 ____________________________________ Time: 05:08:39 PM PST US From: Carlos Trigo Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: CAN Bus wiring Thank you Charlie and Rob, Craig and Rick Now I have a bunch of solutions to my problem. Cheers Carlos Enviado do meu iPhone No dia 15/04/2016, s 21:12, Charlie England escreveu: > Quick & dirty pic of what I mentioned earlier as a 'stub'. Ignore colors; I just grabbed what was convenient to get the pic. > Crimp or solder the 'stub' in one end of a butt splice (yellow in pic); apply your required pin to the other end. Cut into the bus backbone, and snip one of the wires in the pair. Insert *both* of the clipped wire ends into the other end of the butt splice. > Repeat for the other wire in the pair. > > Assuming you've kept the shield on the backbone, if you can cut into the cable without actually cutting the shield (yes, it can almost always be done), then tape it up & you're done. If not, or you want a cleaner look, manage the shield as shown in Bob's book, with insulated stubs on each shield with a butt splice on the shield stubs. The shield does not need to enter the node's connector. > > Charlie > <20160415_150157_resized.jpg> ________________________________ Message 14 ____________________________________ Time: 05:46:13 PM PST US From: Matt Dralle Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram At 06:00 AM 4/15/2016 Friday, you wrote: >Need to do some trouble shooting (elevator trim) on my flying RV6A. Its been a long time since installation and I cannot find my MK III Governor wiring diagram. Anyone able to help with an e-copy? Have Infinity grips if that matters. > >Thanks, > >John Matt G Dralle | Matronics | 581 Jeannie Way | Livermore | CA | 94550 925-606-1001 V | 925-606-6281 F | dralle@matronics.com Email http://www.matronics.com/ WWW | Featuring Products For Aircraft ________________________________ Message 15 ____________________________________ Time: 06:36:43 PM PST US Subject: Re: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram From: John Thank you very much Matt. John > On Apr 15, 2016, at 1:18 PM, Ralph E. Capen wrote: > > > I'll look for mine at the hangar and scan them if I find them. > > I should keep an electronic copy anyway..... > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: John > > Sent: Apr 15, 2016 9:00 AM > > To: aeroelectric-list@matronics.com > > Subject: AeroElectric-List: Mk III Governor Wiring Diagram > > > > > > > > > > > Need to do some trouble shooting (elevator > trim) on my flying RV6A. Its been a long time since installation > and I cannot find my MK III Governor wiring diagram. Anyone able to > help with an e-copy? Have Infinity grips if that matters. > > > > > > > Thanks, > > John > > > > > > > ________________________________ Message 16 ____________________________________ Time: 09:19:06 PM PST US From: speedy11@aol.com Subject: AeroElectric-List: Re: Capacitance fuel sensors Rick - I installed the Princeton capacitance probes on my RV-8 and they are so unreliable as to be worthless. Their only value is to close the hole cut in the adapter plate to accommodate them. I have calibrated them a dozen times - emptying the tanks and refilling them to the top one gallon at a time (mine have optional five point calibration). I talked to Advanced Flight Systems (probes display on the AFS monitor) and to Princeton (when I could get them on the phone) and followed their instructions precisely. Out of caution that I might be doing it wrong, I asked a friend to do the calibration without any input from me. The results in all cases were the same and I get fuel gauge indications exactly as you described. The concept of capaciitance fuel probes is simple and straight forward. They should be simple to setup and should function without malfunction. However, I have not talked to anyone who has good results from a capacitance system. The Belite probes are interesting in that you can get them in various lengths and they can accept multiple bends. However, that makes me wonder how they can accurately sense the fluid level since the output is linear. But, I'm not an engineer. I have a fuel leak at the fuel probes so maybe it is time for me to buy the Belite probes and give them a try. Worst case is I will have exactly what I have now - nothing. Fortunately, my fuel flow readings are accurate to about 0.2 gallons over a two hour flight. So, I use the fuel flow reading to track my remaining fuel. We'll be curious to learn what you decide and how well your fuel system works. Stan Sutterfield Daytona Beach Does anyone have any experience with capacitance fuel sensors? My 2001 GlaStar has them (from a company called Centroid) and they don't seem to be working right. I'm not sure if there's any troubleshooting I can do or if just replacing them is the right option. They're supposed to put out 0 (empty) to 5 (full) volts but one of them seems to be stuck at 4.75 volts. The other fluctuates around semi-randomly so the gauge will read 1/4 then full then 1/2 and so forth. If replacement becomes the only option this new system from Belite caught my eye: http://www.beliteaircraftstore.com/capacitance-fuel-probes/ Any thoughts on that? --Rick ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Matronics Email List Services ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post A New Message aeroelectric-list@matronics.com UN/SUBSCRIBE http://www.matronics.com/subscription List FAQ http://www.matronics.com/FAQ/AeroElectric-List.htm Web Forum Interface To Lists http://forums.matronics.com Matronics List Wiki http://wiki.matronics.com Full Archive Search Engine http://www.matronics.com/search 7-Day List Browse http://www.matronics.com/browse/aeroelectric-list Browse Digests http://www.matronics.com/digest/aeroelectric-list Browse Other Lists http://www.matronics.com/browse Live Online Chat! http://www.matronics.com/chat Archive Downloading http://www.matronics.com/archives Photo Share http://www.matronics.com/photoshare Other Email Lists http://www.matronics.com/emaillists Contributions http://www.matronics.com/contribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.