AeroElectric-List Digest Archive

Wed 08/05/20


Total Messages Posted: 16



Today's Message Index:
----------------------
 
     1. 12:54 AM - Re: IS a COM ANTENNA GROUND PLANE NECESSARY (Mahi01)
     2. 05:03 AM - Cover even weak subject via assignment help services (rickypauls)
     3. 11:33 AM - Rotax install (meat_ball)
     4. 12:08 PM - Re: Rotax install (user9253)
     5. 12:32 PM - Re: Rotax install (meat_ball)
     6. 12:50 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Ken Ryan)
     7. 01:16 PM - Re: Rotax install (meat_ball)
     8. 01:45 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Charlie England)
     9. 01:46 PM - Re: Rotax install (meat_ball)
    10. 01:51 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Ken Ryan)
    11. 01:58 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Charlie England)
    12. 01:59 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Ken Ryan)
    13. 02:07 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Ken Ryan)
    14. 02:12 PM - Re: Rotax install (meat_ball)
    15. 02:43 PM - Re: Re: Rotax install (Charlie England)
    16. 03:18 PM - Re: Rotax install (meat_ball)
 
 
 


Message 1


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    Time: 12:54:12 AM PST US
    Subject: Re: IS a COM ANTENNA GROUND PLANE NECESSARY
    From: "Mahi01" <mahis4799@gmail.com>
    Roku is a streaming device, which is a reasonable roku activation (https://sites.google.com/site/rokuactivationn/) and other Set-up Box. Roku is a bundle of amusement, where client can stream for boundless motion appears, web arrangement, news, animation and a lot more projects. Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497501#497501


    Message 2


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    Time: 05:03:21 AM PST US
    Subject: Cover even weak subject via assignment help services
    From: "rickypauls" <rickypaul091@gmail.com>
    Lack of skills in a particular subject is not a big problem because it is not compulsory that every student is great at every subject. While you studying in college, you have to manage a lot of subjects. So, its quite possible to have confusion regarding a subject or concept. Connect with the right Assignment Help (https://www.greatassignmenthelp.com/) service providers to boost your knowledge and insight into your weak subject. You dont have to be stressed because of your submissions or due dates. On-time submission of your project will enhance your numbers as well as your performance. If you are in the situation that you could miss your deadlines, place your order, and get your assignment when you really need it. Moreover, you may have enough information but dont know how to create it. This situation leads you to bad scores. Hence, grab the best Assignment Help Online (https://www.greatassignmenthelp.com/) writing services and get a well-written essay for your academic progress. Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497506#497506


    Message 3


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    Time: 11:33:42 AM PST US
    Subject: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    Hello all! I started my research some time ago and have read and read on the electrics of this thing. I am building what I thought would be a fairly simple airplane. It a 912 engine, dual ignition and fuel injection, but will be VFR flying only. With the single EFIS, radios, lighting, etc. I fear the Amperage will be too much for the stock alternator alone, so I will be supplementing with a Rotax external alternator. Now, I see drawing Z-16 and that is what I was going to go with, but now I am adding quite a major component and can't seem to figure out how/where it will add in to the scheme. I'm not sure if it should be switched or not as it will be "always on". The Z-16 idea for the Batt switch now does not seem like it would be appropriate in this case, but I really don't know. I was looking at the Rotax installation of the external alternator, and it is wired completely differently than Bob's Z-16, which confused me even more. I feel like I am making too much of this and that it should still be "simple" to make happen, but I have a hard time putting the written word into practice without being hands on. Can someone help? Any advice would certainly be appreciated. If there is another place to find a diagram similar to what I am talking about, that would be helpful as I am a visual learner. Thanks all!! Rob Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497507#497507


    Message 4


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    Time: 12:08:27 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "user9253" <fransew@gmail.com>
    The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external alternator. Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system require? What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? What kind of plane are you building? -------- Joe Gores Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497508#497508


    Message 5


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    Time: 12:32:15 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    user9253 wrote: > The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external alternator. > Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system require? > What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? > What kind of plane are you building? Thanks, Joe. I would agree with you, except after going through the manuals for everything, it appears the alternator won't be adequate...assuming I am doing things correctly. It will be a stock 912 ULS beefed up power-wise to about 145 HP and will be installed into a Just Aircraft Highlander. Below are the components and the strobes are what puts it over the edge, even though they are LEDs. Hopefully, this is where I am incorrect. By my excel calculation, add all those up and you get 21.96 amps All Advanced Flight Systems/Dynon components. AF5600 PFD/MFD 2.8 amps SV-COM-C25 RADIO 3 amps SV-INTERCOM-2S INTERCOM 0.1 amps SV-XPNDR-261 ADSB OUT 0.4 amps SV-ADSB-472 ADSB IN 0.1 amps SV-EMS-220 ENGINE MONITOR 0.11 amps SV-ADAHRS-200 ADAHRS 0.15 amps SV-MAG-236 REMOTE MAGNETOMETER 0.15 amps AF-BAT-3AH BACKUP BATTERY 1 amps Video Adapter for SkyView 0.15 amps SkyView Wi-Fi Adapter 0.1 amps SV-GPS-2020 GPS RECEIVER/ANTENNA 0.1 amps AeroLEDs Pulsar NSP Strobe 10 amps Position 0.8 amps AeroLEDs MicroSun Landing 1.5 amps Taxi 1.5 amps Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509


    Message 6


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    Time: 12:50:18 PM PST US
    From: Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com>
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    No electric fuel pump(s)? How are you getting 145 hp from a Rotax 912 without a turbo? On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 11:40 AM meat_ball <arjayefem@fastmail.net> wrote: > arjayefem@fastmail.net> > > > user9253 wrote: > > The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external > alternator. > > Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system require? > > What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? > > What kind of plane are you building? > > > Thanks, Joe. > > I would agree with you, except after going through the manuals for > everything, it appears the alternator won't be adequate...assuming I am > doing things correctly. It will be a stock 912 ULS beefed up power-wise to > about 145 HP and will be installed into a Just Aircraft Highlander. > > Below are the components and the strobes are what puts it over the edge, > even though they are LEDs. Hopefully, this is where I am incorrect. By my > excel calculation, add all those up and you get 21.96 amps > > All Advanced Flight Systems/Dynon components. > AF5600 PFD/MFD 2.8 amps > SV-COM-C25 RADIO 3 amps > SV-INTERCOM-2S INTERCOM 0.1 amps > SV-XPNDR-261 ADSB OUT 0.4 amps > SV-ADSB-472 ADSB IN 0.1 amps > SV-EMS-220 ENGINE MONITOR 0.11 amps > SV-ADAHRS-200 ADAHRS 0.15 amps > SV-MAG-236 REMOTE MAGNETOMETER 0.15 amps > AF-BAT-3AH BACKUP BATTERY 1 amps > Video Adapter for SkyView 0.15 amps > SkyView Wi-Fi Adapter 0.1 amps > SV-GPS-2020 GPS RECEIVER/ANTENNA 0.1 amps > AeroLEDs Pulsar NSP Strobe 10 amps > Position 0.8 amps > AeroLEDs MicroSun Landing 1.5 amps > Taxi 1.5 amps > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509 > >


    Message 7


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    Time: 01:16:05 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    kenryan wrote: > No electric fuel pump(s)? How are you getting 145 hp from a Rotax 912 without a turbo? > > On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 11:40 AM meat_ball wrote: > > > > > > > > user9253 wrote: > > > The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external alternator. > > > Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system require? > > > What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? > > > What kind of plane are you building? > > > > > > Thanks, Joe. > > > > I would agree with you, except after going through the manuals for everything, it appears the alternator won't be adequate...assuming I am doing things correctly. It will be a stock 912 ULS beefed up power-wise to about 145 HP and will be installed into a Just Aircraft Highlander. > > > > Below are the components and the strobes are what puts it over the edge, even though they are LEDs. Hopefully, this is where I am incorrect. By my excel calculation, add all those up and you get 21.96 amps > > > > All Advanced Flight Systems/Dynon components. > > AF5600 PFD/MFD 2.8 amps > > SV-COM-C25 RADIO 3 amps > > SV-INTERCOM-2S INTERCOM 0.1 amps > > SV-XPNDR-261 ADSB OUT 0.4 amps > > SV-ADSB-472 ADSB IN 0.1 amps > > SV-EMS-220 ENGINE MONITOR 0.11 amps > > SV-ADAHRS-200 ADAHRS 0.15 amps > > SV-MAG-236 REMOTE MAGNETOMETER 0.15 amps > > AF-BAT-3AH BACKUP BATTERY 1 amps > > Video Adapter for SkyView 0.15 amps > > SkyView Wi-Fi Adapter 0.1 amps > > SV-GPS-2020 GPS RECEIVER/ANTENNA 0.1 amps > > AeroLEDs Pulsar NSP Strobe 10 amps > > Position 0.8 amps > > AeroLEDs MicroSun Landing 1.5 amps > > Taxi 1.5 amps > > > > > > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509 (http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ========== > > - > > Electric-List" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?AeroElectric-List > > ========== > > FORUMS - > > eferrer" target="_blank">http://forums.matronics.com > > ========== > > WIKI - > > errer" target="_blank">http://wiki.matronics.com > > ========== > > b Site - > > -Matt Dralle, List Admin. > > rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.matronics.com/contribution > > ========== > > > > > > > > > What a great question!!! See?!? Yet another reason Im posting here. I knew someone would critique my stupidity. Add those in and you an add more amperage still. Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497513#497513


    Message 8


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    Time: 01:45:20 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: Charlie England <ceengland7@gmail.com>
    On 8/5/2020 2:27 PM, meat_ball wrote: > > > user9253 wrote: >> The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external alternator. >> Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system require? >> What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? >> What kind of plane are you building? > > Thanks, Joe. > > I would agree with you, except after going through the manuals for everything, it appears the alternator won't be adequate...assuming I am doing things correctly. It will be a stock 912 ULS beefed up power-wise to about 145 HP and will be installed into a Just Aircraft Highlander. > > Below are the components and the strobes are what puts it over the edge, even though they are LEDs. Hopefully, this is where I am incorrect. By my excel calculation, add all those up and you get 21.96 amps > > All Advanced Flight Systems/Dynon components. > AF5600 PFD/MFD 2.8 amps > SV-COM-C25 RADIO 3 amps > SV-INTERCOM-2S INTERCOM 0.1 amps > SV-XPNDR-261 ADSB OUT 0.4 amps > SV-ADSB-472 ADSB IN 0.1 amps > SV-EMS-220 ENGINE MONITOR 0.11 amps > SV-ADAHRS-200 ADAHRS 0.15 amps > SV-MAG-236 REMOTE MAGNETOMETER 0.15 amps > AF-BAT-3AH BACKUP BATTERY 1 amps > Video Adapter for SkyView 0.15 amps > SkyView Wi-Fi Adapter 0.1 amps > SV-GPS-2020 GPS RECEIVER/ANTENNA 0.1 amps > AeroLEDs Pulsar NSP Strobe 10 amps > Position 0.8 amps > AeroLEDs MicroSun Landing 1.5 amps > Taxi 1.5 amps > Ask Dynon about idle current on the radio. That looks pretty steep except when transmitting. Same with the strobe. It might spike to 10A, but average should be *much* lower than that. Remember that anything that sees intermittent use needs different treatment from constant draw devices. Short term peaks can be absorbed by the battery, as long as there's excess *average* charging ability to replenish the battery. The backup battery shouldn't draw anything, once it's fully charged (unless it has its own charging circuit that draws power all the time). Landing/taxi shouldn't see more than 5 or 10 minutes per flight, unless you intend to leave them on as recognition lights. As you just realized, you need to add the fuel pump draw. If you're running automotive style injection with fuel supplied by only an electric pump, it will obviously be running all the time. Most injection pumps draw between 4 & 10 amps, with 5-6 amps being the most common draw. Charlie -- This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. https://www.avast.com/antivirus


    Message 9


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    Time: 01:46:10 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    I suppose I was thinking all that was taken care of by the on board, internal generator. Im new to Rotax do this entire thing is a learning process for me. I appreciate everyones help!! Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497514#497514


    Message 10


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    Time: 01:51:08 PM PST US
    From: Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com>
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    So if it's a turbo 912 you will need to add in the two fuel pumps and the turbo control unit. But the strobes don't draw 10 amps continuously. Since they are intermittent, you can use a lower number for that (others might know what actual number to use). Also, I believe the number for the comm radio is only when transmitting, so that number might be brought down as well. You have 1 amp for the backup battery, but that would only apply when that battery needs charged. There are other considerations as well. For one thing, the stock voltage regulator that Rotax supplies (Ducati) has not proven to be particularly robust. Many believe that it is not good to run them at full capacity because it might lead to regulator failure. Also, if you look at the Rotax wiring diagram for the 914 (which is basically what you have) you will notice that the primary fuel pump is wired directly to the internal generator, and that the bus and auxiliary fuel pump are powered by the optional external alternator and battery. This is a safety feature that completely separates the main fuel pump from the auxiliary fuel pump. If, after re-assessing your loads you decide that you can get by without the external alternator, remember that your engine requires an electric fuel pump to keep running, and make sure that your design does not introduce any common point of failure for the two fuel pumps. Ken On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 12:25 PM meat_ball <arjayefem@fastmail.net> wrote: > arjayefem@fastmail.net> > > > kenryan wrote: > > No electric fuel pump(s)? How are you getting 145 hp from a Rotax 912 > without a turbo? > > > > On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 11:40 AM meat_ball wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > user9253 wrote: > > > > The integrated alternator should be adequate without an external > alternator. > > > > Have you done a load analysis? How many amps will your system > require? > > > > What is the exact model of your engine, 912ULS or what? > > > > What kind of plane are you building? > > > > > > > > > Thanks, Joe. > > > > > > I would agree with you, except after going through the manuals for > everything, it appears the alternator won't be adequate...assuming I am > doing things correctly. It will be a stock 912 ULS beefed up power-wise to > about 145 HP and will be installed into a Just Aircraft Highlander. > > > > > > Below are the components and the strobes are what puts it over the > edge, even though they are LEDs. Hopefully, this is where I am incorrect . > By my excel calculation, add all those up and you get 21.96 amps > > > > > > All Advanced Flight Systems/Dynon components. > > > AF5600 PFD/MFD 2.8 amps > > > SV-COM-C25 RADIO 3 amps > > > SV-INTERCOM-2S INTERCOM 0.1 amps > > > SV-XPNDR-261 ADSB OUT 0.4 amps > > > SV-ADSB-472 ADSB IN 0.1 amps > > > SV-EMS-220 ENGINE MONITOR 0.11 amps > > > SV-ADAHRS-200 ADAHRS 0.15 amps > > > SV-MAG-236 REMOTE MAGNETOMETER 0.15 amps > > > AF-BAT-3AH BACKUP BATTERY 1 amps > > > Video Adapter for SkyView 0.15 amps > > > SkyView Wi-Fi Adapter 0.1 amps > > > SV-GPS-2020 GPS RECEIVER/ANTENNA 0.1 amps > > > AeroLEDs Pulsar NSP Strobe 10 amps > > > Position 0.8 amps > > > AeroLEDs MicroSun Landing 1.5 amps > > > Taxi 1.5 amps > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > > > > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509 ( > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497509#497509) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ========== > > > - > > > Electric-List" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"> > http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?AeroElectric-List > > > ========== > > > FORUMS - > > > eferrer" target="_blank">http://forums.matronics.com > > > ========== > > > WIKI - > > > errer" target="_blank">http://wiki.matronics.com > > > ========== > > > b Site - > > > -Matt Dralle, List Admin. > > > rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"> > http://www.matronics.com/contribution > > > ========== > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > What a great question!!! See?!? Yet another reason I=99m posting he re. I > knew someone would critique my stupidity. Add those in and you an add mor e > amperage still. > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497513#497513 > > =========== =========== =========== =========== =========== > >


    Message 11


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    Time: 01:58:39 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: Charlie England <ceengland7@gmail.com>
    On 8/5/2020 3:41 PM, meat_ball wrote: > > I suppose I was thinking all that was taken care of by the on board, internal generator. Im new to Rotax do this entire thing is a learning process for me. I appreciate everyones help!! Sorry; all of what was taken care of by the internal generator? (Those of us using email delivery instead of reading the forum sometimes lose context.) Charlie -- This email has been checked for viruses by Avast antivirus software. https://www.avast.com/antivirus


    Message 12


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    Time: 01:59:30 PM PST US
    From: Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com>
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    If it's a Ronnie Smith turbo, ask Ronnie what the turbo control unit draws. Probably 1 - 2 amps. On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 12:53 PM meat_ball <arjayefem@fastmail.net> wrote: > arjayefem@fastmail.net> > > I suppose I was thinking all that was taken care of by the on board, > internal generator. I=99m new to Rotax do this entire thing is a le arning > process for me. I appreciate everyone=99s help!! > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497514#497514 > > =========== =========== =========== =========== =========== > >


    Message 13


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    Time: 02:07:11 PM PST US
    From: Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com>
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    "I suppose I was thinking all that was taken care of by the on board, internal generator." You may be thinking of the Rotax 912iS. It has two internal generators and indeed one of them is dedicated to powering the engine electronics. On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 12:55 PM Ken Ryan <keninalaska@gmail.com> wrote: > If it's a Ronnie Smith turbo, ask Ronnie what the turbo control unit > draws. Probably 1 - 2 amps. > > > On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 12:53 PM meat_ball <arjayefem@fastmail.net> wrote: > >> arjayefem@fastmail.net> >> >> I suppose I was thinking all that was taken care of by the on board, >> internal generator. I=99m new to Rotax do this entire thing is a l earning >> process for me. I appreciate everyone=99s help!! >> >> >> >> >> Read this topic online here: >> >> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497514#497514 >> >> >> >> >> >> =========== =========== =========== =========== =========== >> >> >> >>


    Message 14


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    Time: 02:12:48 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    kenryan wrote: > > > Also, if you look at the Rotax wiring diagram for the 914 (which is > basically what you have) you will notice that the primary fuel pump is > wired directly to the internal generator, and that the bus and auxiliary > fuel pump are powered by the optional external alternator and battery. This > is a safety feature that completely separates the main fuel pump from the > auxiliary fuel pump. If, after re-assessing your loads you decide that you > can get by without the external alternator, remember that your engine > requires an electric fuel pump to keep running, and make sure that your > design does not introduce any common point of failure for the two fuel > pumps. > > Ken And this is where I get confused...Looking at the 914 diagram side by side with Bobs diagram. How can I incorporate all the safeguards Bob suggests while wiring? They are wired so differently and I have a hard time figuring out how to join the two safely. Ive looked for previously posted wiring diagrams for inspiration/reference but havent been able to find what I need. As far as the strobes and other higher draw units, I was using worst case scenario for them in case they were all on at the same instant. However, Im hearing the battery will be able to absorb those spikes, correct? Especially since the strobes are so instantaneous I presume? Thanks again. Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497519#497519


    Message 15


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    Time: 02:43:45 PM PST US
    From: Charlie England <ceengland7@gmail.com>
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    On Wed, Aug 5, 2020 at 4:20 PM meat_ball <arjayefem@fastmail.net> wrote: > arjayefem@fastmail.net> > > > kenryan wrote: > > > > > > Also, if you look at the Rotax wiring diagram for the 914 (which is > > basically what you have) you will notice that the primary fuel pump is > > wired directly to the internal generator, and that the bus and auxiliar y > > fuel pump are powered by the optional external alternator and battery. > This > > is a safety feature that completely separates the main fuel pump from t he > > auxiliary fuel pump. If, after re-assessing your loads you decide that > you > > can get by without the external alternator, remember that your engine > > requires an electric fuel pump to keep running, and make sure that your > > design does not introduce any common point of failure for the two fuel > > pumps. > > > > Ken > > > And this is where I get confused...Looking at the 914 diagram side by sid e > with Bob=99s diagram. How can I incorporate all the safeguards Bob suggests > while wiring? They are wired so differently and I have a hard time figuri ng > out how to join the two safely. I=99ve looked for previously posted wiring > diagrams for inspiration/reference but haven=99t been able to find what I > need. > > As far as the strobes and other higher draw units, I was using worst case > scenario for them in case they were all on at the same instant. However, > I=99m hearing the battery will be able to absorb those spikes, corr ect? > Especially since the strobes are so instantaneous I presume? > > Thanks again. > > Right. You need to look at *average* continuous load. Extreme example: th e transponder has 250W output. At 14V, that's almost 18 amps. But it's a microsecond burst, so the electrical system never really 'sees' it. If you already own the strobe, hook it up through an amp meter to a 14V supply (clipleads to your car battery with the engine running would work if you don't have a power supply). An old analog meter would be easier to read with a pulsing load like that, but you might be able to get useful info even with a digital meter, especially one that includes an analog 'bar graph' in the display. Or just call the mfgr. they should be able to tell you the true average current consumption of the device, if you explain that you are doing a load analysis and not trying to size a fuse for it. Can't help much with the wiring diagrams; I don't have the 914 drawings. You do need to specify whether you have a version with carbs or auto style (high pressure) fuel injection to do load calcs. Charlie


    Message 16


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    Time: 03:18:21 PM PST US
    Subject: Re: Rotax install
    From: "meat_ball" <arjayefem@fastmail.net>
    I found that the strobes have average output at 14V of .6 amps. As far as the rest of the stuff, Ill have to look into that when I can sit down at the computer with all my docs in one place. Thanks again for everyone and their input! This is a huge reason I love the aviation community! You can come dumb as you are and people are willing to impart their knowledge. Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=497522#497522




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