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1. 06:51 AM - Re: Lightning-List Digest: 4 Msgs - 05/20/08 (Richard Yee)
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Subject: | Re: Lightning-List Digest: 4 Msgs - 05/20/08 |
CJ, Buz, and Dan for all of you responses. I just learned something new.
Thanks,
Richard
> Time: 08:53:52 AM PST US
> From: "Richard Yee" <richard.k.yee@gmail.com>
> Subject: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08
>
> What is a 'karmen'? I couldn't find it in any dictionary.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Richard
>
> Time: 10:23:15 AM PST US
> Subject: RE: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08
> From: "James, Clive R" <clive.james@uk.bp.com>
>
>
> Richard, 'Karman' is Spanish for 'wing root shape on the fuselage' or
> that's what I figured it to be
>
> I tried everywhere to find a translation on European translation
> websites but they can make anything of it. I would be good to find out
> what it actually means.
>
> CJ
> ________________________________ Message 3
> _____________________________________
>
>
> Time: 10:26:58 AM PST US
> From: N1BZRich@aol.com
> Subject: Re: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08
>
>
> In a message dated 5/20/2008 11:55:41 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
> richard.k.yee@gmail.com writes:
>
> What is a 'karmen'?
>
>
> Richard,
> Karmen or more properly Karman (probably named after professor Von
> Karman - well known aeronautical engineer) is a term used to describe the
> raised
>
> (or molded) portion of the fuselage that mates to the wing root and thus
> "fairs" the wing into the fuselage for less drag at the junction of wing
> and
> fuselage. As far as I know the term is only used for composite aircraft
> where
> the
> fuselage mold includes a karman so that when the wing is attached you
> already have a drag reducing junction.
> Blue Skies,
> Buz Rich
>
>
> _______________________________ Message 4
> _____________________________________
>
> Time: 12:41:20 PM PST US
> Subject: Lightning-List: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Theodor_von_K=E1rm=E1n?
> From: "James, Clive R" <clive.james@uk.bp.com>
>
> Nice one Buz, not Spanish at all, no wonder I couldn't find it. It was a
> line in the Esqual manual which you'll remember. CJ
>
> Dr. Theodor von K=E1rm=E1n holds an important position among the
> contributors to aerodynamic theory, particularly in the area of
> supersonic flight. Known as "the father of supersonic flight," he made
> major contributions to aviation and space technology, theoretical
> aerodynamics, and the application of theory to improve aircraft
> performance. He also helped develop the use of rocketry for creating
> weapons of defense.
>
> As a young child in Hungary, von K=E1rm=E1n seemed destined for science.
> His father was a professor and his mother a descendant of well-known
> scholars. Born in 1881, Theodor's intelligence was first noticed at age
> 6 when he solved his older brother's complicated multiplication problems
> in his head before his brother could complete them on paper.
>
> At age 9 he enrolled in an open education laboratory founded by his
> father that was referred to as "a nursery for the elite." By the age of
> 22, von K=E1rm=E1n had graduated from Royal Joseph University in Hungary
> with a mechanical engineering degree and highest honors. He enrolled in
> the advanced study of mechanical engineering after serving his mandatory
> military service and received his doctorate under the tutelage of the
> famous aerodynamicist, Ludwig Prandtl.
>
> Von K=E1rm=E1n spent the next four years working under Prandtl and
> helped advance boundary-layer theory and airfoil and wing theory. In
> 1913 he left Prandtl's supervision to become a professor in aeronautics
> and mechanics at the Technical University at Aachen, Germany. He was
> soon appointed the director of the Aachen Aerodynamics Institute.
>
> While at Aachen, he met Hugo Junkers and collaborated with him in the
> aerodynamic design of the Junkers J-1 transport airplane. Created in
> 1915, the J-1 airplane was the first cantilevered wing all metal
> airplane.
>
> Von K=E1rm=E1n moved to the United States in 1930 to accept the role of
> director of the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California
> Institute of Technology (GALCIT). He brought with him a new approach to
> theoretical aerodynamics and its use in practical airplane design. He
> soon made GALCIT the intellectual center of aerodynamics and a leader in
> rocket research in the United States. Aerojet Engineering Corporation,
> which later became the major rocket company Aerojet-General, was spun
> off from GALCIT in 1942, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a leader in
> rocket research, was formed from GALCIT in 1944.
>
> In 1932, von K=E1rm=E1n made a notable contribution to the study of
> supersonics. Von Karman reduced the current equations for supersonic
> flow into a single equation. He then proposed its solution by studying
> the airflow at various points along the object. This became known as the
> Karman-Moore theory and marked the beginning of a new approach to
> studying supersonics that is still used today.
>
> In 1939, the commanding general of the U.S Army Air Force, General Henry
> "Hap" Arnold, asked von K=E1rm=E1n to design a 20-foot (six-meter),
> 40,000-horsepower (29,828-kilowatt) wind tunnel for the Air Force at
> Wright Field in Ohio. This was the first facility of its kind and was
> used by the Air Force to make major advances in flight research.
>
> During World War II, General Arnold chose von K=E1rm=E1n as his
> scientific advisor, marking the beginning of a long period of
> cooperation between researchers, the Air Force, and industry that still
> exists. This relationship gave von K=E1rm=E1n a strong influence over
> much of the aeronautical research and development that occurred during
> the war. He created the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, a group of
> academic, government, and industry engineers and scientists who were a
> major force in determining U.S. Air Force research and development
> policy.
>
> After the war, von K=E1rm=E1n sent a team of scientists to Germany to
> study their facilities and learn how they had made such rapid progress
> in aeronautics and aviation during the war. He used this information to
> develop a blueprint for an Air Force research and development facility
> for jet propulsion, supersonic aircraft, and ballistic missiles. This
> facility was created in Tennessee and was called the Arnold Engineering
> Development Center.
>
> Also after the war Von K=E1rm=E1n was responsible for creating the
> Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development (AGARD), part
> of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). AGARD has played a
> major role in the aeronautical advancements of NATO countries since the
> war. One of the educational and research institutes of AGARD became the
> Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, a leading aerodynamics
> laboratory known worldwide.
>
> Von K=E1rm=E1n continued his policymaking relationship with the U.S. Air
> Force and also traveled throughout the world giving lectures. He
> eventually moved to Paris and left the operation of GALCIT to his former
> students and colleagues. He died on May 6, 1963, in a hospital in
> Aachen, and was buried in Pasadena, California, home of the Jet
> Propulsion Laboratory. At his funeral, a statement paying tribute to him
> from President John F. Kennedy was read. The President had also earlier
> that year awarded von Karman the first National Medal of Science. Dr.
> von K=E1rm=E1n was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in
> 1983.
>
> -Dan Johnston
>
> References and Further Reading:
>
> Anderson, Jr., John D. A History of Aerodynamics. Cambridge, England:
> Cambridge University Press, 1997.
>
> Gorn, Michael H. The Universal Man. Theodore von Karman's Life in
> Aeronautics. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
>
> Halacy, D.S. Father of Supersonic Flight: Theodor von Karman, New York:
> Pocket Books, Inc., 1965.
>
> Hall, R. Cargill. "Shaping the Course of Aeronautics, Rocketry, and
> Astronautics: Theodore von Karman, 1881-1963. Journal of the
> Astronautical Sciences (October-December 1978).
>
> Hanle, Paul A. Bringing Aerodynamics to America. Cambridge: MIT, 1982.
>
> Sharp, Trevor, ed. The AGARD History, 1952-1987. Paris: AGARD, 1988.
>
> Sturm, Thomas. The USAF Scientific Advisory Board: Its First Twenty
> Years, 1944-1964. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1986.
>
> Von Karman, Theodor. Aerodynamics, Selected Topics in the Light of Their
> Theoretical Development. New York: Cornell University Press, 1954.
>
> Wattendorf, Frank L. ed. The AGARD History, 1952-1968. Paris: AGARD,
> 1969.
>
>
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