---------------------------------------------------------- Lightning-List Digest Archive --- Total Messages Posted Wed 05/21/08: 1 ---------------------------------------------------------- Today's Message Index: ---------------------- 1. 06:51 AM - Re: Lightning-List Digest: 4 Msgs - 05/20/08 (Richard Yee) ________________________________ Message 1 _____________________________________ Time: 06:51:06 AM PST US From: "Richard Yee" Subject: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 4 Msgs - 05/20/08 CJ, Buz, and Dan for all of you responses. I just learned something new. Thanks, Richard > Time: 08:53:52 AM PST US > From: "Richard Yee" > Subject: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08 > > What is a 'karmen'? I couldn't find it in any dictionary. > > Thanks, > > Richard > > Time: 10:23:15 AM PST US > Subject: RE: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08 > From: "James, Clive R" > > > Richard, 'Karman' is Spanish for 'wing root shape on the fuselage' or > that's what I figured it to be > > I tried everywhere to find a translation on European translation > websites but they can make anything of it. I would be good to find out > what it actually means. > > CJ > ________________________________ Message 3 > _____________________________________ > > > Time: 10:26:58 AM PST US > From: N1BZRich@aol.com > Subject: Re: Lightning-List: Re: Lightning-List Digest: 3 Msgs - 05/19/08 > > > In a message dated 5/20/2008 11:55:41 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, > richard.k.yee@gmail.com writes: > > What is a 'karmen'? > > > Richard, > Karmen or more properly Karman (probably named after professor Von > Karman - well known aeronautical engineer) is a term used to describe the > raised > > (or molded) portion of the fuselage that mates to the wing root and thus > "fairs" the wing into the fuselage for less drag at the junction of wing > and > fuselage. As far as I know the term is only used for composite aircraft > where > the > fuselage mold includes a karman so that when the wing is attached you > already have a drag reducing junction. > Blue Skies, > Buz Rich > > > _______________________________ Message 4 > _____________________________________ > > Time: 12:41:20 PM PST US > Subject: Lightning-List: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Theodor_von_K=E1rm=E1n? > From: "James, Clive R" > > Nice one Buz, not Spanish at all, no wonder I couldn't find it. It was a > line in the Esqual manual which you'll remember. CJ > > Dr. Theodor von K=E1rm=E1n holds an important position among the > contributors to aerodynamic theory, particularly in the area of > supersonic flight. Known as "the father of supersonic flight," he made > major contributions to aviation and space technology, theoretical > aerodynamics, and the application of theory to improve aircraft > performance. He also helped develop the use of rocketry for creating > weapons of defense. > > As a young child in Hungary, von K=E1rm=E1n seemed destined for science. > His father was a professor and his mother a descendant of well-known > scholars. Born in 1881, Theodor's intelligence was first noticed at age > 6 when he solved his older brother's complicated multiplication problems > in his head before his brother could complete them on paper. > > At age 9 he enrolled in an open education laboratory founded by his > father that was referred to as "a nursery for the elite." By the age of > 22, von K=E1rm=E1n had graduated from Royal Joseph University in Hungary > with a mechanical engineering degree and highest honors. He enrolled in > the advanced study of mechanical engineering after serving his mandatory > military service and received his doctorate under the tutelage of the > famous aerodynamicist, Ludwig Prandtl. > > Von K=E1rm=E1n spent the next four years working under Prandtl and > helped advance boundary-layer theory and airfoil and wing theory. In > 1913 he left Prandtl's supervision to become a professor in aeronautics > and mechanics at the Technical University at Aachen, Germany. He was > soon appointed the director of the Aachen Aerodynamics Institute. > > While at Aachen, he met Hugo Junkers and collaborated with him in the > aerodynamic design of the Junkers J-1 transport airplane. Created in > 1915, the J-1 airplane was the first cantilevered wing all metal > airplane. > > Von K=E1rm=E1n moved to the United States in 1930 to accept the role of > director of the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California > Institute of Technology (GALCIT). He brought with him a new approach to > theoretical aerodynamics and its use in practical airplane design. He > soon made GALCIT the intellectual center of aerodynamics and a leader in > rocket research in the United States. Aerojet Engineering Corporation, > which later became the major rocket company Aerojet-General, was spun > off from GALCIT in 1942, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a leader in > rocket research, was formed from GALCIT in 1944. > > In 1932, von K=E1rm=E1n made a notable contribution to the study of > supersonics. Von Karman reduced the current equations for supersonic > flow into a single equation. He then proposed its solution by studying > the airflow at various points along the object. This became known as the > Karman-Moore theory and marked the beginning of a new approach to > studying supersonics that is still used today. > > In 1939, the commanding general of the U.S Army Air Force, General Henry > "Hap" Arnold, asked von K=E1rm=E1n to design a 20-foot (six-meter), > 40,000-horsepower (29,828-kilowatt) wind tunnel for the Air Force at > Wright Field in Ohio. This was the first facility of its kind and was > used by the Air Force to make major advances in flight research. > > During World War II, General Arnold chose von K=E1rm=E1n as his > scientific advisor, marking the beginning of a long period of > cooperation between researchers, the Air Force, and industry that still > exists. This relationship gave von K=E1rm=E1n a strong influence over > much of the aeronautical research and development that occurred during > the war. He created the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, a group of > academic, government, and industry engineers and scientists who were a > major force in determining U.S. Air Force research and development > policy. > > After the war, von K=E1rm=E1n sent a team of scientists to Germany to > study their facilities and learn how they had made such rapid progress > in aeronautics and aviation during the war. He used this information to > develop a blueprint for an Air Force research and development facility > for jet propulsion, supersonic aircraft, and ballistic missiles. This > facility was created in Tennessee and was called the Arnold Engineering > Development Center. > > Also after the war Von K=E1rm=E1n was responsible for creating the > Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development (AGARD), part > of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). AGARD has played a > major role in the aeronautical advancements of NATO countries since the > war. One of the educational and research institutes of AGARD became the > Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, a leading aerodynamics > laboratory known worldwide. > > Von K=E1rm=E1n continued his policymaking relationship with the U.S. Air > Force and also traveled throughout the world giving lectures. He > eventually moved to Paris and left the operation of GALCIT to his former > students and colleagues. He died on May 6, 1963, in a hospital in > Aachen, and was buried in Pasadena, California, home of the Jet > Propulsion Laboratory. At his funeral, a statement paying tribute to him > from President John F. Kennedy was read. The President had also earlier > that year awarded von Karman the first National Medal of Science. Dr. > von K=E1rm=E1n was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in > 1983. > > -Dan Johnston > > References and Further Reading: > > Anderson, Jr., John D. A History of Aerodynamics. Cambridge, England: > Cambridge University Press, 1997. > > Gorn, Michael H. The Universal Man. Theodore von Karman's Life in > Aeronautics. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. > > Halacy, D.S. Father of Supersonic Flight: Theodor von Karman, New York: > Pocket Books, Inc., 1965. > > Hall, R. Cargill. "Shaping the Course of Aeronautics, Rocketry, and > Astronautics: Theodore von Karman, 1881-1963. Journal of the > Astronautical Sciences (October-December 1978). > > Hanle, Paul A. Bringing Aerodynamics to America. Cambridge: MIT, 1982. > > Sharp, Trevor, ed. The AGARD History, 1952-1987. Paris: AGARD, 1988. > > Sturm, Thomas. The USAF Scientific Advisory Board: Its First Twenty > Years, 1944-1964. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1986. > > Von Karman, Theodor. Aerodynamics, Selected Topics in the Light of Their > Theoretical Development. New York: Cornell University Press, 1954. > > Wattendorf, Frank L. ed. The AGARD History, 1952-1968. Paris: AGARD, > 1969. > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Matronics Email List Services ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post A New Message lightning-list@matronics.com UN/SUBSCRIBE http://www.matronics.com/subscription List FAQ http://www.matronics.com/FAQ/Lightning-List.htm Web Forum Interface To Lists http://forums.matronics.com Matronics List Wiki http://wiki.matronics.com Full Archive Search Engine http://www.matronics.com/search 7-Day List Browse http://www.matronics.com/browse/lightning-list Browse Digests http://www.matronics.com/digest/lightning-list Browse Other Lists http://www.matronics.com/browse Live Online Chat! http://www.matronics.com/chat Archive Downloading http://www.matronics.com/archives Photo Share http://www.matronics.com/photoshare Other Email Lists http://www.matronics.com/emaillists Contributions http://www.matronics.com/contribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.