---------------------------------------------------------- Pietenpol-List Digest Archive --- Total Messages Posted Mon 02/25/08: 23 ---------------------------------------------------------- Today's Message Index: ---------------------- 1. 02:59 AM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (allthumbs) 2. 03:49 AM - Re: Skiing (Jim E) 3. 05:54 AM - Fuel tank question (Oscar Zuniga) 4. 06:58 AM - Re: Skiing (John Egan) 5. 09:29 AM - Continental engine drawing file (MikeD) 6. 10:52 AM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (bcharvet@bellsouth.net) 7. 10:56 AM - Re: All points bulletin for Jim Markle (Bill Church) 8. 11:36 AM - Re: Fuel tank question (KMHeide, BA, CPO, FAAOP) 9. 11:38 AM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (MikeD) 10. 12:03 PM - Engine Choice for Aircamper (DAVE CATES) 11. 02:39 PM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (Bill Church) 12. 03:17 PM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (Grover Summers) 13. 04:15 PM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (Grover Summers) 14. 05:46 PM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (Dick Navratil) 15. 05:50 PM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (Graham Hansen) 16. 05:57 PM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (MikeD) 17. 06:09 PM - Re: Engine Choice for Aircamper (MikeD) 18. 06:18 PM - Continental engine drawing file (Oscar Zuniga) 19. 06:55 PM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (allthumbs) 20. 06:58 PM - Continental engine drawing file (Oscar Zuniga) 21. 08:05 PM - Re: Continental engine drawing file (Roman Bukolt) 22. 08:56 PM - Re: Re: Spruce Alternatives (Dick Navratil) 23. 11:26 PM - Re: Spruce Alternatives (allthumbs) ________________________________ Message 1 _____________________________________ Time: 02:59:52 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Spruce Alternatives From: "allthumbs" It's out there poplar is acceptable, but don't take my word for it research further, almost the same strength to weight as spruce and almost undetectable less shock resistance, fungi and bacteria love it, I have read that it is FAA approved. Where I can't remember. The thing I don't understand is the growth rings the are broader that spruce, lot's of houses built out it around here. And it's CHEAP good stuff .75 a board foot. -------- Russell Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166088#166088 ________________________________ Message 2 _____________________________________ Time: 03:49:22 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Skiing From: "Jim E" Hey Don, Those look terrific! I wondered if you had a chance to use those skis yet. I actually thought you might have got up today. Glad to hear you enjoyed it. Way too cool! Jim Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166091#166091 ________________________________ Message 3 _____________________________________ Time: 05:54:43 AM PST US From: Oscar Zuniga Subject: Pietenpol-List: Fuel tank question Ken asks- >Any suggestions on the set-up and hanging of the header tank in the piet? >Is most using two strap material, belting, or ?? If so, any photos of how >you are attaching the sides?? The 16 gal. fuel tank in 41CC was fabricated with a curved top, sloped bottom, and "shoulder lugs" to allow it to sit on the longerons when in place. Additionally, it is supported by two felt-padded metal straps that pass underneath and mount to cross-members fore and aft. One of these cross-members broke at one of the 3/16" holes where the strap was bolted through the wood, when the airplane's gear collapsed and it went over on its nose. When I replaced the cross-member I thought about changing the metal support straps with something like nylon tow strap because getting the metal straps to fit the tank right was taking some fiddling around (nothing is perfectly square), but in the end I went ahead and replaced everything just the way Corky had it and it's that way now. Tow strap is intentionally made with some stretch to it and I didn't want anything to get loose over time. I think if I were building from scratch I might see about using some seat-belt material or something similar for the tank supports. Also, there is a metal strap passing over the top of the fuel tank than secures it in place. I have some pictures and will try to upload them to a webpage for you. Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags@hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________ Message 4 _____________________________________ Time: 06:58:29 AM PST US From: John Egan Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Skiing Don, Please do post details regarding the ski design. I bought an old pair of wood water skis with the thought of making them into snow skis some day by stripping the paint off, maybe adding a layer of fiberglass and making a mount similar to what you show. I guess it should work. Do you notice any balance differences between the skis and wheels? I've wondered about that.... Your Piet looks great on skies. Thank you for sharing. Have fun. john e ----- Original Message ---- From: Don Emch Sent: Sunday, February 24, 2008 8:54:22 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Skiing Just thought I'd share a couple of shots of my day spent skiing today. Just when I thought I had as much fun as I could have with the Piet I borrowed these skis from Frank Pavliga. What a ball! I think I'm going to try to copy these skis. When I get some measurements made up I could share them with others if interested. Don Emch NX899DE Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166044#166044 Attachments: http://forums.matronics.com//files/skiflyin_005_139.jpg http://forums.matronics.com//files/skiflyin_004_678.jpg http://forums.matronics.com//files/skiflyin_003_191.jpg http://forums.matronics.com//files/skiflyin_001_125.jpg Looking for last minute shopping deals? ________________________________ Message 5 _____________________________________ Time: 09:29:45 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file From: "MikeD" Hi folks, I've hunted around but so far no luck. Does anyone know if and where I could scam a CAD file for a Continental A-65 or A-75? I don't need great detail, but the basic views that will give me footprint, mounting points, prop hub location etc.. IOW what you would need to design an engine mount and sketch a cowl around. Thanks! Mike -------- Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166133#166133 ________________________________ Message 6 _____________________________________ Time: 10:52:22 AM PST US From: bcharvet@bellsouth.net Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file The dimensions for the motor mounts were posted a few weeks ago. I was lucky enough to have someone give me an old crankcase that as cracked, and I used that to mock-up my cowling. Another benefit of EAA membership! Ben -------------- Original message from "MikeD" : -------------- > > Hi folks, > > I've hunted around but so far no luck. Does anyone know if and where I could > scam a CAD file for a Continental A-65 or A-75? I don't need great detail, but > the basic views that will give me footprint, mounting points, prop hub location > etc.. IOW what you would need to design an engine mount and sketch a cowl > around. > > Thanks! > > Mike > > -------- > Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer > > > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166133#166133 > > > > > > > > > >

The dimensions for the motor mounts were posted a few weeks ago.  I was lucky enough to have someone give me an old crankcase that as cracked, and I used that to mock-up my cowling.  Another benefit of EAA membership! 

Ben

-------------- Original message from "MikeD" <mjdt@auracom.com>: --------------


> --> Pietenpol-List message posted by: "MikeD"
>
> Hi folks,
>
> I've hunted around but so far no luck. Does anyone know if and where I could
> scam a CAD file for a Continental A-65 or A-75? I don't need great detail, but
> the basic views that will give me footprint, mounting points, prop hub location
> etc.. IOW what you would need to design an engine mount and sketch a cowl
> around.
>
> Thanks!
>
> Mike
>
> --------
> Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer
>
>
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166133#166133
>
>
>
>
>
> < ===== =======
>
>
>
________________________________ Message 7 _____________________________________ Time: 10:56:54 AM PST US From: "Bill Church" Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: All points bulletin for Jim Markle John, Very relieved that this story did not include any mention of you removing items of your clothing and/or application of grease. (now, that's got to get the newbies wondering...) DO NOT ARCHIVE ________________________________ Message 8 _____________________________________ Time: 11:36:12 AM PST US From: "KMHeide, BA, CPO, FAAOP" Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Fuel tank question Thank You Oscar.... I will await your photos.. Ken Oscar Zuniga wrote: Ken asks- >Any suggestions on the set-up and hanging of the header tank in the piet? >Is most using two strap material, belting, or ?? If so, any photos of how >you are attaching the sides?? The 16 gal. fuel tank in 41CC was fabricated with a curved top, sloped bottom, and "shoulder lugs" to allow it to sit on the longerons when in place. Additionally, it is supported by two felt-padded metal straps that pass underneath and mount to cross-members fore and aft. One of these cross-members broke at one of the 3/16" holes where the strap was bolted through the wood, when the airplane's gear collapsed and it went over on its nose. When I replaced the cross-member I thought about changing the metal support straps with something like nylon tow strap because getting the metal straps to fit the tank right was taking some fiddling around (nothing is perfectly square), but in the end I went ahead and replaced everything just the way Corky had it and it's that way now. Tow strap is intentionally made with some stretch to it and I didn't want anything to get loose over time. I think if I were building from scratch I might see about using some seat-belt material or something similar for the tank supports. Also, there is a metal strap passing over the top of the fuel tank than secures it in place. I have some pictures and will try to upload them to a webpage for you. Oscar Zuniga San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags@hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net --------------------------------- Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. ________________________________ Message 9 _____________________________________ Time: 11:38:40 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Continental engine drawing file From: "MikeD" bcharvet(at)bellsouth.net wrote: > The dimensions for the motor mounts were posted a few weeks ago. I was lucky enough to have someone give me an old crankcase that as cracked, and I used that to mock-up my cowling. Another benefit of EAA membership! > Ben > [Embarassed] Come to think of it, I don't recall searching THIS forum for motor mount info. Shame on me. I'll see if I can find that. Still, it would still be cool if I could save myself the work of measuring and drawing the engine. I do want to have a drawing of it on hand. Thanks.. Mike -------- Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166158#166158 ________________________________ Message 10 ____________________________________ Time: 12:03:19 PM PST US From: "DAVE CATES" Subject: Pietenpol-List: Engine Choice for Aircamper I recently bought an engine to use on my Piet. It is a Continental 0-200 GPU, is anyone else using one of these? I have all the typical questions. With added power and weight should motor mount and or landing gear be repositioned? Can I safely use one mag and the single plug (the cylinders are drilled and taped for only one plug now). or two mags and the single plug? What prop should I look for to run efficiently and what kind of performance should I expect? Any help or suggestions will be greatly appreciated. THANX Dave Cates / Walworth WI ________________________________ Message 11 ____________________________________ Time: 02:39:50 PM PST US From: "Bill Church" Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives Sorry, I didn't phrase that correctly. Thanks for catching my error, Clif. What I meant was simply that the glue joints (if done correctly) will be as strong or stronger than the wood. Of course, a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, so the laminated spar will never be stronger than the wood used to build it with. Bill C. _____ From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Clif Dawson Sent: Saturday, February 23, 2008 12:55 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives Sorry Bill, your mixing things up. The glue joint is only stronger when you try to pull it apart or twist it. In which case the wood will BREAK and splinter before the glue itself will separate ... ________________________________ Message 12 ____________________________________ Time: 03:17:46 PM PST US From: Grover Summers Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file Mike, How about a C-90 in AutoCAD format? Grover MikeD wrote: Hi folks, I've hunted around but so far no luck. Does anyone know if and where I could scam a CAD file for a Continental A-65 or A-75? I don't need great detail, but the basic views that will give me footprint, mounting points, prop hub location etc.. IOW what you would need to design an engine mount and sketch a cowl around. Thanks! Mike ________________________________ Message 13 ____________________________________ Time: 04:15:26 PM PST US From: Grover Summers Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Continental engine drawing file Mike, I have an AutoCAD .dwg file for a C-90 engine. I'm not sure if the mounting lugs are the same as the smaller engines. I tried to send the file to the group but it bounced. Contact me off-line and I'll forward the file to you. Grover ________________________________ Message 14 ____________________________________ Time: 05:46:45 PM PST US From: "Dick Navratil" Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives Bill I may be wrong about this, but I would disagree on that point as stated. If a spar is built up of 3/4x3/34 laminations to a height of 4 1/4" with staggered joints and grain which is alternated, the total beam will be much stronger than the wood it is made of. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: Bill Church To: pietenpol-list@matronics.com Sent: Monday, February 25, 2008 4:37 PM Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives Sorry, I didn't phrase that correctly. Thanks for catching my error, Clif. What I meant was simply that the glue joints (if done correctly) will be as strong or stronger than the wood. Of course, a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, so the laminated spar will never be stronger than the wood used to build it with. Bill C. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Clif Dawson Sent: Saturday, February 23, 2008 12:55 AM To: pietenpol-list@matronics.com Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives Sorry Bill, your mixing things up. The glue joint is only stronger when you try to pull it apart or twist it. In which case the wood will BREAK and splinter before the glue itself will separate ... ________________________________ Message 15 ____________________________________ Time: 05:50:20 PM PST US From: "Graham Hansen" Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Spruce Alternatives While it is true that the strength of a laminated wooden structural member is always limited by the strength of the wood itself, the likelihood of having hidden defects is appreciably reduced when smaller sections are glued together. Ergo, a laminated member can be stronger than a one-piece solid one. Also, select pieces can be placed at the top and bottom of a wing spar, or beam, where the stress is greatest and lesser quality material can be placed in between. My 1946 Taylorcraft had laminated spars and this is exactly what they did in those days when so many lightplanes were being built. In addition, there were beautifully-done scarf joints (without doublers!) indicating the use of precision machinery. I don't own that T'Craft anymore, but 62 years later it still has the same spars with the factory splices. A testimonial to laminating and perfect glue joints, to be sure. On my Pietenpol I used Douglas Fir for the wing spars, duplicating the original I - beam section by laminating 1/4 inch flange strips to a full-depth web that is 1/2 inch thick. "Swallow tail" filler blocks were used at fitting locations. There are no splices. Perhaps I could have reduced the cross section size to take into account the greater strength of DF (as compared to spruce) in order to save some weight, but I didn't. Even so, my Piet is lighter than some at 630# dry empty weight. BHP told me that he laminated the spars of the last airplanes he built. I think he used Western Hemlock strips to make a rectangular cross section. The only disadvantage of laminating, as I see it, is the extra work involved. Graham Hansen Pietenpol CF-AUN ________________________________ Message 16 ____________________________________ Time: 05:57:58 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Continental engine drawing file From: "MikeD" [quote="oldaeroplaneworks(at)yaho"]Mike, I have an AutoCAD .dwg file for a C-90 engine. I'm not sure if the mounting lugs are the same as the smaller engines. I tried to send the file to the group but it bounced. Contact me off-line and I'll forward the file to you. Grover > [b] Done! Thanks. Whether it matches or not, I would still like to have it available. Mike -------- Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166242#166242 ________________________________ Message 17 ____________________________________ Time: 06:09:55 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Engine Choice for Aircamper From: "MikeD" [quote="davecates(at)charter.net"]I recently bought an engine to use on my Piet. It is a Continental 0-200 GPU, is anyone else using one of these? I have all the typical questions. With added power and weight should motor mount and or landing gear be repositioned? Can I safely use one mag and the single plug (the cylinders are drilled and taped for only one plug now). or two mags and the single plug? What prop should I look for to run efficiently and what kind of performance should I expect? Any help or suggestions will be greatly appreciated. ? THANX Dave Cates / Walworth WI > [b] Considering how much the Piet loves cruising above 80-85mph (not much), I'd say based on the props used on other somewhat similar aircraft that you'd be looking in the 72x46-48 to 74x42-44 range, and personally I'd lean to the climb end of those choices. But wait and see what the cats drags in on this one. It seems there may be a few around with O-200's so someone's done some testing somewhere along the line. -------- Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166243#166243 ________________________________ Message 18 ____________________________________ Time: 06:18:55 PM PST US From: Oscar Zuniga Subject: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file What I have done before is to IMAGE a .jpg into an AutoCAD drawing and either trace over the image to create the line drawing off the image (after SCALEing it, of course, and using DRAWORDER to place the image behind the working layer so you can see the lines you're drawing), or just using the image itself to draw up whatever you want to fit over it. There are 3-views of the small-block Continentals in Tony Bingelis' books, for example, as well as (I believe) Evans' "Light Plane Designer" or whatever his book is called. You can scan those to create your .jpgs. Most 3-views give dimensions between mounting points or other clear dimensions to use to SCALE the image to correct size. When I was fabricating the new stainless firewall for 41CC, I used this technique with a head-on digital picture of the front of the fuselage. It worked perfectly, but the builder (me) was too smart for my own good. I forgot to notch the corners of the lower piece of the firewall like Corky had, in order to make it removeable. It fit like a charm with slots to slip nicely over the engine mount points, but it's now trapped in place by the engine mount bolts. Sigh. You would think we would be making new mistakes, but it's always the same old ones ;o) Oscar Zuniga Air Camper NX41CC San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags@hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________ Message 19 ____________________________________ Time: 06:55:05 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Spruce Alternatives From: "allthumbs" I worry about using epoxy on laminated wing spares, marine epoxy can creep at higher temperatures, of course the wing will be painted a light color to reflect the sun's rays. or the laminations could be tightly clamped and some other glue used such as Gorilla glue, not near as messy either. anyone have experience with epoxy that has a higher temperature rating than marine epoxy such as Raka? I think a very Strong spare would be two separate units of birch plywood one with 90 degree grain, one normal, then cap striped with Douglas fir with an abundance of nails, this would be strongest and yet light enough of any spar. The birch plywood would be scarfed spliced at an angle having a splice two inches long in 1/8 ply this would be the strongest in my opinion, note I haven't built a plane just planing on it. Oh yes there would be insert pieces of wood at scarf points. -------- Russell Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166249#166249 ________________________________ Message 20 ____________________________________ Time: 06:58:50 PM PST US From: Oscar Zuniga Subject: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file I just looked through my resource files and located the 3-views of the small Continentals. One of the few times that Bingelis let me down... he doesn't have 3-views of the Continentals that we want. However, Evans does have a rudimentary 3-view with key dimensions in his "Lightplane Designer's Handbook". I would be happy to scan that one to a .jpg and upload it to my website and will do so in the morning when I get time. I trust that Mr. Evans will not mind me putting it out on my site, particularly since I would encourage anyone to purchase his fine manual... it is a close second to Bingelis' books in utility and chock-full of useful information of every sort. Being from the old school, I had much rather look at hand-drawn line illustrations than all the CAD drawings in the world. Another reason why I so enjoyed purchasing Bill Rewey's packet of tips and ideas that he publishes for sale; they are all hand-drawn. They all make great armchair reading and thinking material. Oscar Zuniga Air Camper NX41CC San Antonio, TX mailto: taildrags@hotmail.com website at http://www.flysquirrel.net ________________________________ Message 21 ____________________________________ Time: 08:05:28 PM PST US From: Roman Bukolt Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Continental engine drawing file Have you considered just purchasing an A-65 manual? There are plenty of drawings with dimensions included. Or did I miss something here Roman Bukolt A-65 powered Pietenpol, NX20795 do not archive On Feb 25, 2008, at 11:26 AM, MikeD wrote: > > Hi folks, > > I've hunted around but so far no luck. Does anyone know if and where > I could scam a CAD file for a Continental A-65 or A-75? I don't need > great detail, but the basic views that will give me footprint, > mounting points, prop hub location etc.. IOW what you would need to > design an engine mount and sketch a cowl around. > > Thanks! > > Mike > > -------- > Piet-builder-who-hopes-to-be-flying-next-summer > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166133#166133 > > ________________________________ Message 22 ____________________________________ Time: 08:56:33 PM PST US From: "Dick Navratil" Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: Spruce Alternatives I really hate to beat this subject too far, but we have to be very careful about re-engineering a spar too much. In using plywood, unintended stresses can be created that can cause failure. The loading has to flow over the entire beam. The solid and laminated spars along with some box beam spars have been proven. Resorsinol is the only glue approved for certified aircraft. T-88 has been widely used for a long time. Gorilla glue has been discussed on the list a few times although I'm not aware of anyone who has actually used it. Dick N. ----- Original Message ----- From: "allthumbs" Sent: Monday, February 25, 2008 8:52 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Spruce Alternatives > > I worry about using epoxy on laminated wing spares, marine epoxy > can creep at higher temperatures, of course the wing will be painted a > light color to reflect the sun's rays. or the laminations could be tightly > clamped and some other glue used such as Gorilla glue, not near > as messy either. anyone have experience with epoxy that has a > higher temperature rating than marine epoxy such as Raka? > I think a very Strong spare would be two separate units of > birch plywood one with 90 degree grain, one normal, then cap striped with > Douglas fir > with an abundance of nails, this would be strongest and yet light > enough of any spar. The birch plywood would be scarfed spliced > at an angle having a splice two inches long in 1/8 ply this would be the > strongest in my opinion, note I haven't built a plane just planing on it. > Oh yes there would be insert pieces of wood at scarf points. > > -------- > Russell > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166249#166249 > > > ________________________________ Message 23 ____________________________________ Time: 11:26:51 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Spruce Alternatives From: "allthumbs" There is a test matrix which was published in an issue of experimenter magazine a few years back on on a glue that is the same as Gorilla glue, The results showed comparable with other high performance glues. The spares that I am going to build are nothing new no new or re-engineering here they were building them that way in WW-1, birch ply box spares that is. Roger man also uses this on his stuff. -------- Russell Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=166293#166293 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Matronics Email List Services ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post A New Message pietenpol-list@matronics.com UN/SUBSCRIBE http://www.matronics.com/subscription List FAQ http://www.matronics.com/FAQ/Pietenpol-List.htm Web Forum Interface To Lists http://forums.matronics.com Matronics List Wiki http://wiki.matronics.com Full Archive Search Engine http://www.matronics.com/search 7-Day List Browse http://www.matronics.com/browse/pietenpol-list Browse Digests http://www.matronics.com/digest/pietenpol-list Browse Other Lists http://www.matronics.com/browse Live Online Chat! http://www.matronics.com/chat Archive Downloading http://www.matronics.com/archives Photo Share http://www.matronics.com/photoshare Other Email Lists http://www.matronics.com/emaillists Contributions http://www.matronics.com/contribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.