---------------------------------------------------------- Pietenpol-List Digest Archive --- Total Messages Posted Sun 07/31/11: 25 ---------------------------------------------------------- Today's Message Index: ---------------------- 1. 12:43 AM - Re: Progress (xTrainwrecKx) 2. 03:45 AM - Re: Re: Jake's gorgeous engine-turning aluminum firewall results and (Jack) 3. 03:52 AM - Re: skytek struts (carson) 4. 03:52 AM - Departing OSH (Jack) 5. 04:28 AM - Re: Re: skytek struts (helspersew@aol.com) 6. 04:29 AM - Re: skytek struts (jarheadpilot82) 7. 04:53 AM - Re: skytek struts (carson) 8. 04:54 AM - Re: skytek struts (jarheadpilot82) 9. 06:09 AM - Re: Progress (Gboothe5) 10. 08:03 AM - alternative construction materials (letchik.ivan@gmail.com) 11. 08:27 AM - Re: alternative construction materials (Ben Charvet) 12. 08:53 AM - Re: Progress (aerocarjake) 13. 09:17 AM - Re: off topic queries (shad bell) 14. 09:52 AM - Re: alternative construction materials (mark lee) 15. 09:57 AM - Re: Progress (Jim Boyer) 16. 09:59 AM - Re: off topic queries (Jim Boyer) 17. 03:38 PM - Re: Re: skytek struts (mike Hardaway) 18. 06:03 PM - Re: skytek struts (skellytown flyer) 19. 06:38 PM - Re: skytek struts (carson) 20. 06:57 PM - Re: Re: skytek struts (helspersew@aol.com) 21. 06:59 PM - Re: skytek struts (skellytown flyer) 22. 07:10 PM - Re: skytek struts (skellytown flyer) 23. 07:39 PM - GA 30-613.5 airfoil drawings. (Jose Dominguez) 24. 08:03 PM - Re: Re: Thrust (Clif Dawson) 25. 09:45 PM - Re: GA 30-613.5 airfoil drawings. (Billy McCaskill) ________________________________ Message 1 _____________________________________ Time: 12:43:57 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Progress From: "xTrainwrecKx" Mike, It is looking great! I really like the color and the wood finish. Just more inspiration for me to get my butt home and start mine. Thanks buddy! Very respectfully, Derek Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348127#348127 ________________________________ Message 2 _____________________________________ Time: 03:45:56 AM PST US From: "Jack" Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Re: Jake's gorgeous engine-turning aluminum firewall results and http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security_essentials/default.aspx , works for me. Jack DSM -----Original Message----- From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of broocya Sent: Sunday, July 31, 2011 1:22 AM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Jake's gorgeous engine-turning aluminum firewall results and What is the best firewall for computers to use at home and protect the kids? I need to install a good firewall system at home to protect the kids from all the internet dangers. Which are the best ones? Are they free or do you have to pay for them? -------- who loves you Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348124#348124 ________________________________ Message 3 _____________________________________ Time: 03:52:55 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "carson" sorry guys stupid question,I have searched and found that a few people have used them,but none of the posts really say what size has been used the large ones or small ones, I think the small ones would be ok but not sure Any info would be great Carson Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348132#348132 ________________________________ Message 4 _____________________________________ Time: 03:52:55 AM PST US From: "Jack" Subject: Pietenpol-List: Departing OSH This AM Do not archive Jack DSM ________________________________ Message 5 _____________________________________ Time: 04:28:21 AM PST US Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: helspersew@aol.com Used the small ones. Dan Helsper Puryear, TN Finally made it back home from OSH yesterday -----Original Message----- From: carson Sent: Sun, Jul 31, 2011 5:53 am Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts sorry guys stupid question,I have searched and found that a few people have used hem,but none of the posts really say what size has been used the large ones or mall ones, think the small ones would be ok but not sure ny info would be great arson ead this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348132#348132 -= - The Pietenpol-List Email Forum - -= Use the Matronics List Features Navigator to browse -= the many List utilities such as List Un/Subscription, -= Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, -= Photoshare, and much much more: - -= --> http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List - -======================== -= - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS - -= Same great content also available via the Web Forums! - -= --> http://forums.matronics.com - -======================== -= - List Contribution Web Site - -= Thank you for your generous support! -= -Matt Dralle, List Admin. -= --> http://www.matronics.com/contribution -======================== ________________________________ Message 6 _____________________________________ Time: 04:29:29 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "jarheadpilot82" Carson, I looked through the archives and found the following. Hope it helps- ________________________ ----- Original Message ----- From: Doyle K. Combs To: pietenpol-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Wednesday, July 02, 2003 11:28 AM Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts DJ ...where did you purchase the skytech strut material? Thanks Doyle Combs ----- Original Message ----- From: "DJ Vegh" To: Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts > > I am using the skytek struts. I'm using the smaller size for the cabanes > and the larger for ift struts. > > I did the math and figured that the smaller struts would be sufficient for > lift struts but I wanted an extra factor of safety so I went witht he larger > struts. > > For the cabanes I inserted .75" x 1" 2024 T3 aluminum bar about 5" long into > the strut to terminate the ends see the photos here > > http://imagedv.com/aircamper/log/image-pages/03-30-03.htm > > For the lift strutsI will instert 1x1 4130 solid steel bar about 7" long > into the lower ends so that I can tap and thread a hole for lift strut > forks. > > They are probably a tad heavier than 4130 streamline but you can get all the > strut material for cabanes, lift and jury struts for about $290 and no > welding is required. > > They make some nice jury strut streamline tube as well... > > > DJ Vegh > N74DV > Mesa, AZ > www.imagedv.com/aircamper > > > - > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "rod wooller" > To: > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts > > > > > > > A question (or two) for anyone who has used the 6061-T6 streamline lift > > struts from Skytek. > > > > Is the "small" strut (2.44'x1.00") ok to use or do we have to up the size > > to the "large" strut seeing that it is 6061 and not steel, as in the plans > ? > > > > Have you used the same size for the lift struts and the cabanes ? > > > > Hope to meet plenty of Piet builders at Brodhead (and ask a lot more > > questions). > > > > Rod Wooller > > Chidlow > > Australia > > _________________________________ -------- Semper Fi, Terry Hand Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348136#348136 ________________________________ Message 7 _____________________________________ Time: 04:53:56 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "carson" Thanks for the replies now I am just as confused as one used small and one large. Dan a question for you I think that I read that you also used a 7075 aluminum bar threaded for the cub fork end,is that correct? Someone else said that the fork into the ally was not a good idea,but I am thinking that if it has worked for you and your aircraft flies it should work for me,any details of what you used would be great Thanks Carson Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348138#348138 ________________________________ Message 8 _____________________________________ Time: 04:54:25 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "jarheadpilot82" Carson, Drinking my coffee on a Sunday morning, I went on an internet hunt and found the following website. The Skytek website is up for sale, so I don't quite know their status. -------- Semper Fi, Terry Hand Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348139#348139 ________________________________ Message 9 _____________________________________ Time: 06:09:30 AM PST US From: "Gboothe5" Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: Progress Gorgeous, Mike! Sure hope you have a hanger lined up! Gary Do not archive From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael Groah Sent: Saturday, July 30, 2011 10:30 PM Subject: Pietenpol-List: Progress Well,.... while everyone else had to run off to Brodhead, I got to work on my airplane. Here's what we have so far. The wing center section is being covered and the wings themselves will come down from the ceiling to be covered in the near future. I still have a lot to do with the fuselage including putting the graphics on the side, but I'm working on it. Gary Boothe, Jim Boyer and the rest of the west coast builders better get back to work or I'm going to get in the air first! Mike Groah Tulare CA ________________________________ Message 10 ____________________________________ Time: 08:03:22 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: alternative construction materials From: "letchik.ivan@gmail.com" I was wondering if anyone has built a Pietenpol Air Camper or Sky Scout with materials other than wood or less wood? I know that the Pietenpol was designed to make use of wood in its construction. There is also a supplemental plan drawn by Bernard Pietenpol which uses metal tubing to construct the fuselage. Has anyone built a Pietenpol using more metal than the original plans called for? For example using light metal tubing for the tail and stabilizer section, or perhaps aircraft grade aluminum for the wing ribs or spar, or maybe sheet aluminum on the leading edge of the wing or in place of plywood on the fuselage, or any other combination. Would the aircraft weigh more if constructed in the way I just described? Could a more powerful engine overcome the added weight of having used heavier construction materials? I know the L4 / J3 Piper Cub is built with all metal structural components covered with cloth skin and is powered by a 65 hp Continental engine, so I am wondering if similar construction technique could be used on a Pietenpol? Tom ________________________________ Message 11 ____________________________________ Time: 08:27:13 AM PST US Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: alternative construction materials From: Ben Charvet The J-3 and J-4 both originally had wooden spars and ribs. If you want an al l metal airplane check out Wag-Aero for their plans/kits for cub like airpla nes. There are several metal tube Piets oit there, but I havent heard of an y metal wings Sent from my iPhone On Jul 31, 2011, at 11:00 AM, "letchik.ivan@gmail.com" wrote: > > I was wondering if anyone has built a Pietenpol Air Camper or Sky Scout wi th materials other than wood or less wood? I know that the Pietenpol was de signed to make use of wood in its construction. There is also a supplementa l plan drawn by Bernard Pietenpol which uses metal tubing to construct the f uselage. > > > > Has anyone built a Pietenpol using more metal than the original plans call ed for? For example using light metal tubing for the tail and stabilizer se ction, or perhaps aircraft grade aluminum for the wing ribs or spar, or mayb e sheet aluminum on the leading edge of the wing or in place of plywood on t he fuselage, or any other combination. Would the aircraft weigh more if con structed in the way I just described? Could a more powerful engine overcome the added weight of having used heavier construction materials? I know the L4 / J3 Piper Cub is built with all metal structural components covered wit h cloth skin and is powered by a 65 hp Continental engine, so I am wondering if similar construction technique could be used on a Pietenpol? > > > > Tom > > > ========================== ========= ========================== ========= ========================== ========= ========================== ========= > ________________________________ Message 12 ____________________________________ Time: 08:53:34 AM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: Progress From: "aerocarjake" Wonderful plane on what looks like a wonderful afternoon....... now I need to quit reading Matronics and get back down to my shop. thanks for the inspiration...! -------- Jake Schultz - curator, Newport Way Air Museum (OK, it's just my home) Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348155#348155 ________________________________ Message 13 ____________________________________ Time: 09:17:37 AM PST US From: shad bell Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: off topic queries Larry, I forwarded your email to Dad, he is not on the list.- I am going oveer to visit later today I will Give him your email add.- Glad to hear you made it safe, We enjoyed catching up with friends and flying. Untill next time, - Shad --- On Sat, 7/30/11, Lawrence Williams wrote: From: Lawrence Williams Subject: Pietenpol-List: off topic queries Everybody: Larry is home from his trip to Brodhead. Piet did great, Ford di d great, Larry did great. All are glad to be home again!! Gary Bell: please email me off line re: teardrops. Rick Schreibner: please email me off line re: wood finishing. Thanks to you all for another wonderful reunion at Brodhead. Got to see all of you previous friends getting older and met some nice new friends. Adven tures on the road are still to be had and the Piet is the perfect vehicle i n which to have them. I was once again introduced to the real America and i t's inhabitants. Kindnesses were extended to me from many sources as a matt er of course. It's always nice to reconnect with good people and realize wh at a bogus outlook I get watching the TV. Ah-h-h-h, I am rejuvenated and it makes me feel good all over. Larry W. ________________________________ Message 14 ____________________________________ Time: 09:52:18 AM PST US Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: alternative construction materials From: mark lee There was a time when I was skeptical about wood.But the more you learn about it the better it looks.It handles stress cycles very well and with modern glues and coatings the problems have been mostly solved.The strength for weight is wonderful if used in a good design.It might be just what you want.There is a lot of good reading on the subject that you might enjoy.I used to work on violins and have been amazed at what wood can do.The EAA is a good source for getting info that will help you choose what you will be happy with.If you like metal or choose another type aircraft they can help you find it and build it.Every one I've talked to in the EAA have been helpful or at least tried. Do not archive On Sun, Jul 31, 2011 at 8:24 AM, Ben Charvet wrote: > The J-3 and J-4 both originally had wooden spars and ribs. If you want an > all metal airplane check out Wag-Aero for their plans/kits for cub like > airplanes. There are several metal tube Piets oit there, but I havent heard > of any metal wings > > Sent from my iPhone > > On Jul 31, 2011, at 11:00 AM, "letchik.ivan@gmail.com" < > letchik.ivan@gmail.com> wrote: > > > I was wondering if anyone has built a Pietenpol Air Camper or Sky Scout > with materials other than wood or less wood? I know that the Pietenpol > was designed to make use of wood in its construction. There is also a > supplemental plan drawn by Bernard Pietenpol which uses metal tubing to > construct the fuselage. > > > Has anyone built a Pietenpol using more metal than the original plans > called for? For example using light metal tubing for the tail and > stabilizer section, or perhaps aircraft grade aluminum for the wing ribs or > spar, or maybe sheet aluminum on the leading edge of the wing or in place of > plywood on the fuselage, or any other combination. Would the aircraft > weigh more if constructed in the way I just described? Could a more > powerful engine overcome the added weight of having used heavier > construction materials? I know the L4 / J3 Piper Cub is built with all > metal structural components covered with cloth skin and is powered by a 65 > hp Continental engine, so I am wondering if similar construction technique > could be used on a Pietenpol? > > > Tom > > * > > * > > * > > * > > ________________________________ Message 15 ____________________________________ Time: 09:57:45 AM PST US From: Jim Boyer Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Progress Wow Mike, It is looking very good.=C2- I am still=C2- in=C2-South Dakota for an other 2 to 3 weeks so I think I may not catch you. Gary should be home thou gh but I think he is behind as well. Oh well then you can fly up to help me and Gary finish our Piets right? Cheers, Jim B. ________________________________ Message 16 ____________________________________ Time: 09:59:21 AM PST US From: Jim Boyer Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: off topic queries Larry it was nice to finally meet you at Brodhead. Glad you had a great trip home and hopefully will see you again next year. Jim and Arlene ________________________________ Message 17 ____________________________________ Time: 03:38:58 PM PST US Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: mike Hardaway The SkyTek struts, spars, ribs and other products can be found here: http://www.carlsonaircraft.com/index.shtml#comp They appear to be alive and well. On Sun, Jul 31, 2011 at 4:27 AM, jarheadpilot82 wrote: > jarheadpilot82@hotmail.com> > > Carson, > > I looked through the archives and found the following. Hope it helps- > > ________________________ > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Doyle K. Combs > To: pietenpol-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx > Sent: Wednesday, July 02, 2003 11:28 AM > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts > > > > DJ ...where did you purchase the skytech strut material? Thanks > > Doyle Combs > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "DJ Vegh" > To: > Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts > > > > > > I am using the skytek struts. I'm using the smaller size for the > cabanes > > and the larger for ift struts. > > > > I did the math and figured that the smaller struts would be sufficient > for > > lift struts but I wanted an extra factor of safety so I went witht he > larger > > struts. > > > > For the cabanes I inserted .75" x 1" 2024 T3 aluminum bar about 5" long > into > > the strut to terminate the ends see the photos here > > > > http://imagedv.com/aircamper/log/image-pages/03-30-03.htm > > > > For the lift strutsI will instert 1x1 4130 solid steel bar about 7" long > > into the lower ends so that I can tap and thread a hole for lift strut > > forks. > > > > They are probably a tad heavier than 4130 streamline but you can get all > the > > strut material for cabanes, lift and jury struts for about $290 and no > > welding is required. > > > > They make some nice jury strut streamline tube as well... > > > > > > DJ Vegh > > N74DV > > Mesa, AZ > > www.imagedv.com/aircamper > > > > > > - > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "rod wooller" > > To: > > Subject: Pietenpol-List: Skytek struts > > > > > > > > > > > > A question (or two) for anyone who has used the 6061-T6 streamline > lift > > > struts from Skytek. > > > > > > Is the "small" strut (2.44'x1.00") ok to use or do we have to up the > size > > > to the "large" strut seeing that it is 6061 and not steel, as in the > plans > > ? > > > > > > Have you used the same size for the lift struts and the cabanes ? > > > > > > Hope to meet plenty of Piet builders at Brodhead (and ask a lot more > > > questions). > > > > > > Rod Wooller > > > Chidlow > > > Australia > > > > > _________________________________ > > -------- > Semper Fi, > > Terry Hand > > > Read this topic online here: > > http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348136#348136 > > ________________________________ Message 18 ____________________________________ Time: 06:03:48 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "skellytown flyer" Carson I tried to reply earlier to your email address that is shows but it came back. I finished and am flying the plane D.J . started and it does have the aluminum struts- front ones 3.130" and rear about 2.445" across the front to back dimension.I did not stay exactly as he started with the end fittings. I don't know how much I trust the tear out strength of the aluminum so I extended the pull area by extending 5/8" wide 4130 strap onto the 2- 1/4" diameter through bolts and on along the strut a few inches and used 3/16" pop rivets 3 to a side on each end fitting for my peace of mind and because that is what a Rans aircraft used to carry the loads and I figured they had done some fairly serious research into it before marketing theirs.I had just assumed the struts were the earlier Carlson ones but after seeing the post DJ showed it is apparently th Skytek. they may have bought them out for all I know. Raymond Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348212#348212 ________________________________ Message 19 ____________________________________ Time: 06:38:03 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "carson" Thanks Raymond I have spent hours now reading through all the posts,I am thinking that all the methods used seem safe and strong enough and it is a matter of personal comfort with the set up that I use. Do you have any pictures of your setup? Thanks Carson Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348213#348213 ________________________________ Message 20 ____________________________________ Time: 06:57:40 PM PST US Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: helspersew@aol.com Hi Carson, Yes, I used a J-3 fork threaded into the 7075 aluminum insert, with the sma ll Skyteck lift struts. My wings are still attached with no ill effects so far after 25 flight hours. Please contact Larry Williams also for his input . I unapologetically copied Larry's struts. I thought the same thing. If hi s wings are still attached, I figured mine would be too. Dan Helsper Puryear, TN. -----Original Message----- From: carson Sent: Sun, Jul 31, 2011 6:54 am Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts Thanks for the replies now I am just as confused as one used small and one arge. an a question for you I think that I read that you also used a 7075 aluminu m ar threaded for the cub fork end,is that correct? omeone else said that the fork into the ally was not a good idea,but I am hinking that if it has worked for you and your aircraft flies it should wor k or me,any details of what you used would be great hanks arson ead this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348138#348138 -= - The Pietenpol-List Email Forum - -= Use the Matronics List Features Navigator to browse -= the many List utilities such as List Un/Subscription, -= Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, -= Photoshare, and much much more: - -= --> http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List - -======================== -= - MATRONICS WEB FORUMS - -= Same great content also available via the Web Forums! - -= --> http://forums.matronics.com - -======================== -= - List Contribution Web Site - -= Thank you for your generous support! -= -Matt Dralle, List Admin. -= --> http://www.matronics.com/contribution -======================== ________________________________ Message 21 ____________________________________ Time: 06:59:57 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "skellytown flyer" I'll look and see if I can find anything- I am about to pack up the laptop for a trip out of state for work in the morning -I might find a picture somewhere i could send to an email address.I just never tried to send any to the list and really don't know how. Raymond Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348216#348216 ________________________________ Message 22 ____________________________________ Time: 07:10:26 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: skytek struts From: "skellytown flyer" Well I found a few pictures of the installation I did with the straps I added- if you send me your address I'll forward them- I'll try to attach them to this but I am not sure if it will work. Raymond Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348218#348218 Attachments: http://forums.matronics.com//files/mvc_007f_170.jpg ________________________________ Message 23 ____________________________________ Time: 07:39:36 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: GA 30-613.5 airfoil drawings. From: Jose Dominguez Hy everyone: Can anyone please give me the contact info for the gentleman selling copies of the GA 30-613.5 airfoil drawing. Thanks. Sent from my iPad ________________________________ Message 24 ____________________________________ Time: 08:03:02 PM PST US From: "Clif Dawson" Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: Re: Thrust See! I knew you could do it! :-) Don't forget the vids. Oh, I think their engines a tad heavier. :-) Clif Hi Clif, I wondered if one of the police cars engines is heavier than a model A? We do have really good police presence in our neighborhood so might have to have a BBQ block off the street for some taxi tests; or drag race their cop cars! Jim B. ________________________________ Message 25 ____________________________________ Time: 09:45:08 PM PST US Subject: Pietenpol-List: Re: GA 30-613.5 airfoil drawings. From: "Billy McCaskill" If you search the archives of this list, the coordinates of the original Piet airfoil, the Riblett 612 and the 613.5 are posted. It's a simple matter to graph out the airfoil outline on some large paper with the coordinates provided. -------- Billy McCaskill Urbana, IL tail section almost done, starting on ribs soon Read this topic online here: http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=348232#348232 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Matronics Email List Services ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post A New Message pietenpol-list@matronics.com UN/SUBSCRIBE http://www.matronics.com/subscription List FAQ http://www.matronics.com/FAQ/Pietenpol-List.htm Web Forum Interface To Lists http://forums.matronics.com Matronics List Wiki http://wiki.matronics.com Full Archive Search Engine http://www.matronics.com/search 7-Day List Browse http://www.matronics.com/browse/pietenpol-list Browse Digests http://www.matronics.com/digest/pietenpol-list Browse Other Lists http://www.matronics.com/browse Live Online Chat! http://www.matronics.com/chat Archive Downloading http://www.matronics.com/archives Photo Share http://www.matronics.com/photoshare Other Email Lists http://www.matronics.com/emaillists Contributions http://www.matronics.com/contribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.