Today's Message Index:
----------------------
1. 07:01 AM - 57 second of fun-----Pietenpol Smoke System (Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners, LLC])
2. 07:18 AM - Douwe's JATO mod (Douwe Blumberg)
3. 07:32 AM - Re: Douwe's JATO mod (glenschweizer@yahoo.com)
4. 07:43 AM - Re: Douwe's JATO mod (curtdm(at)gmail.com)
5. 08:13 AM - which holds more oil? (Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners, LLC])
6. 08:30 AM - Re: Douwe's JATO mod (Ryan Mueller)
7. 09:09 AM - Re: off subject----98 Year old Dick Cole Flies B-25 into Oshkosh........ (Jim Boyer)
8. 09:27 AM - NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Michael Perez)
9. 09:41 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Ryan Mueller)
10. 09:54 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (taildrags)
11. 10:01 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Michael Perez)
12. 10:04 AM - spar strength (taildrags)
13. 10:18 AM - Re: spar strength (Michael Perez)
14. 10:25 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Ryan Mueller)
15. 10:36 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners, LLC])
16. 10:37 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Michael Perez)
17. 10:48 AM - pilot position and W&B (Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners, LLC])
18. 10:50 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Michael Perez)
19. 11:02 AM - Re: spar strength (larharris2 Harris)
20. 11:20 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners, LLC])
21. 11:55 AM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Scott Knowlton)
22. 12:31 PM - Re: which holds more oil? (Gary Boothe)
23. 12:58 PM - Re: Eyesight (Boatright, Jeffrey)
24. 02:00 PM - Re: Eyesight (AircamperN11MS)
25. 03:32 PM - Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Michael Perez)
26. 04:12 PM - Re: Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. (Gene Rambo)
27. 04:34 PM - Re: spar strength (gsnewsome)
28. 05:15 PM - Re: spar strength (pjb)
29. 05:16 PM - Re: spar strength (Doug)
30. 05:17 PM - Re: Eyesight (Doug)
31. 05:26 PM - Re: Eyesight (Boatright, Jeffrey)
32. 06:10 PM - Re: Re: spar strength (Ken Bickers)
33. 07:03 PM - Re: Andrew King (Baldeagle)
34. 07:04 PM - Re: spar strength (Gene Rambo)
35. 07:30 PM - Re: spar strength (Jack Phillips)
36. 07:35 PM - Re: spar strength (aerocarjake)
37. 09:37 PM - Re: spar strength (taildrags)
Message 1
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | 57 second of fun-----Pietenpol Smoke System |
Piet Group (or as I like to call us all.....Infidels!)
I'd like to take a minute to apologize to the list for losing my cool recen
tly in a few of my responses that should have been handled off-list. My s
incere apologies
as this list has traditionally been an incredibly friendly place to exchang
e, help, and promote the building, flying, and enjoyment of these incredibl
y wonderful little
Pietenpol Air Camper airplanes. I am committed to contributing to this li
st and being as helpful as I can in a positive and uplifting fashion to all
who are building,
interested in building, or already flying and enjoying all the hard work a
nd fruits of your labor. We don't have room for profanity or divisivenes
s. We've got enough
of that coming thru our tv sets and movies and on the news in America.
I've made some lifelong and treasured friendships on this list that far exc
eed the importance
and value of my airplane and have come to believe the wise words of EAA fou
nder Paul Poberezny---- it's not as much about the airplanes as it is the p
eople.
And now the movie, folks. Last night I installed a new smoke system bott
le (they tend to loose pressure when you pump them up after exposed to the
mineral oil after
a season) and though I would share what the smoke looks like from the cock
pit. Great fun. I hope you all enjoy.
Mike C.
Ohio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnMpUIwhY70&list=UUJBVQTlDP0gbWbUGYSaUt
bg
Message 2
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Douwe's JATO mod |
The new downturned exhaust was specifically engineered to increase climb at
full throttle.
It also might keep exhaust crap off my fuselage.
Douwe
Message 3
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: Douwe's JATO mod |
And besides, it looks cool. Maby some. Fuzzy dice for the front pit? Or one
of those hula girl things?
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jul 30, 2014, at 7:17 AM, "Douwe Blumberg" <douweblumberg@earthlink.net
> wrote:
>
> The new downturned exhaust was specifically engineered to increase climb a
t full throttle
>
>
>
> It also might keep exhaust crap off my fuselage
>
> Douwe
>
>
3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3
D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3
D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3
D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3
D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>
Message 4
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: Douwe's JATO mod |
Also prevents elevator droop.
--------
Curt Merdan
Flower Mound, TX
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427544#427544
Message 5
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | which holds more oil? |
Here are the handy little Lowe's or Home Depot garden department poly spray
bottles that I use to pressurize my smoke oil (basically mineral oil) to
inject
into the right rear exhaust pipe of my A-65 engine. Every year I need to
replace the bottle because the old bottles begin to leak as soon as you pu
mp them
up from exposure to the oil after a while.
Last night I installed the new poly bottle and was bummed because it held l
ess fluid......or so I thought.
Which one do you think holds more fluid? I was surprised to read that th
e container on the right holds 56 oz. and the old bottle on the left holds
51 oz.
I still don't believe it and am going to do a little test next time I empty
out the new smoke oil bottle! (which won't take long if this gorgeous w
eather keeps up.)
Mike C.
[cid:image001.jpg@01CFABE7.388466F0]
Message 6
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: Douwe's JATO mod |
After having flown in your Piet Dan Y opined that it was, and I quote, a
"smooooooooth" ride. Possibly an unintended consequence of your exhaust
mod.....or maybe the wake turbulence off the pig's wings cancels out the
prop wash....
Either way, it was great to see you guys and RE-PIET at Brodhead,
-Ryan
On Wed, Jul 30, 2014 at 9:17 AM, Douwe Blumberg <douweblumberg@earthlink.ne
t
> wrote:
> The new downturned exhaust was specifically engineered to increase climb
> at full throttle
>
>
> It also might keep exhaust crap off my fuselage
>
>
> Douwe
>
> *
>
===========
.matronics.com/Navigator?Pietenpol-List>
===========
===========
om/contribution>
===========
>
> *
>
>
Message 7
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: off subject----98 Year old Dick Cole Flies B-25 into |
Oshkosh........
HI Mike,
Thanks for sharing the video of Dick Cole and the B-25.
Jim B.
Message 8
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Crew, I got my hands on a set of race car scales and set up my plane for th
e initial W.& B. I am mainly trying to figure out where the wing needs to b
e placed for a good C.G.- Since the jury struts are not in place, nor the
diagonals, I laid the material for those across the cockpits to include th
e weight. I believe I included everything else for an accurate weight and b
alance.=0A=0A=0APlane level in both "X" and "Y" planes.-=0A=0ANo fuel and
full oil. (A-65)=0A=0AEmpty Weight = 577#- 8# difference between main
gear wheels. =0A=0A=0ATail wheel weight = 3#.=0A=0AEmpty Weight C.G. =
12" aft of wing leading edge.- Wing cabane struts are 87 deg. to longeron
s.=0A=0AFrom the numbers I am figuring, a wing shift aft of about 2"-3" is
in order.=0A=0AChecking and rechecking the measurements and math now. Once
confirmed, I'll start making the diagonals and jurys.=0A=0A=0AIf God is you
r co-pilot, switch seats=0AMike Perez=0AKaretakerAero=0AWorking W.& B. Numb
ers=0A
Message 9
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Hi Michael,
If you still have the scales it would be useful to have someone sit in
pilot's seat of the aircraft and weigh it as well. Using the maths and your
empty weight numbers you could then determine the exact arm their weight
sits at, as opposed to the guesstimate based on belly-button, mid-seat, or
what-have-you. This will allow you to arrive at very accurate CG results
for different pilot weights with at a given wing location...
A ladder and some helpers would be prudent, just to make sure everything
stays nice and stable during the process.
On Wed, Jul 30, 2014 at 11:26 AM, Michael Perez <speedbrake@sbcglobal.net>
wrote:
> Crew, I got my hands on a set of race car scales and set up my plane for
> the initial W.& B. I am mainly trying to figure out where the wing needs to
> be placed for a good C.G. Since the jury struts are not in place, nor the
> diagonals, I laid the material for those across the cockpits to include
> the weight. I believe I included everything else for an accurate weight and
> balance.
>
> Plane level in both "X" and "Y" planes.
>
> No fuel and full oil. (A-65)
>
> Empty Weight = 577# 8# difference between main gear wheels.
>
> Tail wheel weight = 3#.
>
> Empty Weight C.G. = 12" aft of wing leading edge. Wing cabane struts are
> 87 deg. to longerons.
>
> From the numbers I am figuring, a wing shift aft of about 2"-3" is in
> order.
>
> Checking and rechecking the measurements and math now. Once confirmed,
> I'll start making the diagonals and jurys.
>
> If God is your co-pilot, switch seats
> Mike Perez
> Karetaker Aero
> Working W.& B. Numbers
>
> *
>
>
> *
>
>
Message 10
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Ryan;
That is exactly what I did to determine the moment arm of the pilot and passenger,
and it came out a bit different from the "belly-button" method. Very easy
to do, as long as whoever is doing the weighing remembers to weigh themselves
on the same scales either before or after weighing the airplane.
--------
Oscar Zuniga
Medford, OR
Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
A75 power
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427557#427557
Message 11
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
The scales are being returned today. However, I may be able to get them bac
k at a later time...definitely after racing season ends. (But by then the p
lane will be disassembled and in pieces staged throughout the garage/house.
..)- If I had the scales for another day or two, I would do exactly what
you recommend. That was the original plan, just ran out of time.=0A=0A-
=0AIf God is your co-pilot, switch seats=0AMike Perez=0AKaretaker Aero=0AWo
rking W.& B. Numbers
Message 12
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
Jim Hyde, this discussion is not intended for you, but you're welcome to read on.
Since my previous post on this subject had no calculations behind it, I've
decided to run some numbers for my own information. Anyone else who is interested,
I'll use this thread to keep the discussion separate from Mike Cuy's W&B
and out of the hands of those who don't care. If you are of the opinion that
"it works, leave it alone" and "I'm just going to bump my own airplane's max
gross to 1300 because other guys have", then please use your key when you see
posts with the subject line "spar strength".
So is anyone using a 1" thick spar anymore? My sense is that everyone uses either
a solid 3/4" spar or a routed 3/4" spar these days. The few who build box
spars (the UK style) are in an entirely different category, because that spar
was developed with both calculations *and* load testing behind it. My interest
is in running the calculations for those who build to the plans.
--------
Oscar Zuniga
Medford, OR
Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
A75 power
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427558#427558
Message 13
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
Oscar, I am more than interested in what you and others take the time to re
search, test, calculate, experiment, etc. and share!- I understand that i
t takes time for guys to do the work, the research, the calculations, etc.
all to benefit those whom come after us. I will be following this Spar Stre
ngth thread.=0A=0A-=0AIf God is your co-pilot, switch seats=0AMike Perez
=0AKaretaker Aero=0AWorking W.& B. Numbers
Message 14
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
If I recall, I believe I have the measurements from firewall to seat back
for the aircraft we did the W&B project for at Brodhead. I'll take a look
later (tonight) and see what the difference was between the seat backs and
where we calculated the arm for the pilot to be for the various aircraft...
On Wed, Jul 30, 2014 at 12:00 PM, Michael Perez <speedbrake@sbcglobal.net>
wrote:
> The scales are being returned today. However, I may be able to get them
> back at a later time...definitely after racing season ends. (But by then
> the plane will be disassembled and in pieces staged throughout the
> garage/house...) If I had the scales for another day or two, I would do
> exactly what you recommend. That was the original plan, just ran out of
> time.
>
> If God is your co-pilot, switch seats
> Mike Perez
> Karetaker Aero
> Working W.& B. Numbers
>
> *
>
>
> *
>
>
Message 15
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
TWlrZSBQLiAgIENvbmdyYXR1bGF0aW9ucyBvbiBzdWNoIGEgTE9XIGVtcHR5IHdlaWdodCEgICAg
V2VsbCBkb25lIGFuZCBhbHNvIGdvb2QgdG8gaGVhciB5b3XigJl2ZSBjb21wbGV0ZWQgeW91ciBX
JkIuICAgICBZb3XigJlyZSBnZXR0aW5nIGNsb3NlciBhbGwgdGhlIHRpbWUgdG8gdGhlIHNlY29u
ZCBoYWxmIG9mIGEgZ3JlYXQgYWR2ZW50dXJlDQp3aXRoIHlvdXIgUGlldGVucG9sLg0KDQpNaWtl
IEMuDQpPaGlvDQoNCg0KDQo
Message 16
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
I would appreciate that Ryan, any added intel. would be of help. I have been fooling
with the math using different pilot locations...10", 11", 12" etc. from
the pilot seat back, top; as well as wing sweep, fuel, pilot weight..all the variables.
It is good practice and helps visualize how the changes work and interact
with each other.
If God is your co-pilot, switch seats
Mike Perez
Karetaker Aero
Working W.& B. Numbers
Message 17
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | pilot position and W&B |
On a smooth evening you can trim out a Pietenpol to fly hands-off and then
by just leaning far forward and far backward you can make the plane gently
climb
and descend. Of course us full-figured girls have more mass to work with
when conducting this fun little experiment. Your belly button location
may vary.
Mike C.
Message 18
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Thanks Mike. Your help has been instrumental with the building process, eng
ines acquisition, calculations etc. Sharing you experiences have been more
than helpful...and entertaining at times...=0A=0A-=0AIf God is your co-pi
lot, switch seats=0AMike Perez=0AKaretaker Aero=0AWorking W.& B. Numbers
Message 19
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
I'm in. I would very much like to justify an increase over the original 10
80 lb gross weight.
I did a few rough calculations of the weight bearing capability of a 1" sol
id spar. At first I just plugged a few numbers into a formula & got a prepo
sterous answer. Then I studied the problem a bit more and got a more reason
able=2C although discouraging=2C answer.
Assumption: Spanwise loading is uniform (not true=2C but the calculated err
or is small). My INVALID assumption was that the 2 spars (without struts)
are carrying the entire flight load.
>From Understanding Wood by Bruce Hoadly=2C MR[Modulus of Rupture] = 1.5 (
Pmax (L))/ b(d^2)
12% dry Sitka Spruce MR= 10=2C200 psi
b= 1" (spar thickness)
d= 4.75" (spar depth)
L= 13.5 ft (total distance to the center of each wing panel=2C without th
e 'center' supported by the cabanes)
The arithmetic says that each unsupported spar can carry 952 Lb at failure.
Double that to 1894 lb because of the 2 spars.
The struts=2C therefore=2C are essential for flight. A structural analysis
of spars + struts is not a trivial exercise. I have the reference texts to
help me dig through it=2C but it will take some more time.
More to follow.
Lorenzo
Message 20
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Glad to share what info I can Mike and like the rest of us who have flying
Piets, there were always, always those who went before us and helped us out
with questions, answers,
options, and good advice to help us along. Most of my help came in the ea
rly days just before this list came to be and was gathered at the Brodhead
fly-in's. I attended my first
Brodhead in 1988......26 years ago and after talking with a bunch of guys t
here, taking a zillion measurements, notes, and photos and exchanging lett
ers and phone calls with other
builders I had a flying Piet 10 years later in 1998. 16 years after my
first flight I still get great joy out of seeing every new Piet roll out of
the garages, barns, workshops, and hangars
and take flight. Cool stuff.
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com [mailto:owner-pietenpol-lis
t-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Michael Perez
Sent: Wednesday, July 30, 2014 1:50 PM
Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: NX992WD Initial W.& B.
Thanks Mike. Your help has been instrumental with the building process, eng
ines acquisition, calculations etc. Sharing you experiences have been more
than helpful...and entertaining at times...
If God is your co-pilot, switch seats
Mike Perez
Karetaker Aero
Working W.& B. Numbers
Message 21
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
DQpJIGVjaG8gTWlrZSBDdXkncyBwcmFpc2UuICBVbmRlciA2MDBsYnMuICBZb3UgbXVzdCBoYXZl
IGJlZW4gYSBmYXN0aWRpb3VzIHdlaWdodCBwb2xpY2VtYW4uICBWZXJ5IHdlbGwgZG9uZSBNaWtl
ISAgIEl0IHNvdW5kcyBsaWtlIGxhdGV4IGhvdXNlIHBhaW50IGRvZXNuJ3QgYWRkIGFuIGFwcHJl
Y2lhYmxlIGFtb3VudCBvZiB3ZWlnaHQgdG8gdGhlIHN0cnVjdHVyZSBlaXRoZXIuICBUaGFua3Mg
Zm9yIHNoYXJpbmcgd2l0aCB1cy4gDQoNClNjb3R0IEsuIA0KDQoNClNlbnQgZnJvbSBteSBpUGhv
bmUNCg0KPiBPbiBKdWwgMzAsIDIwMTQsIGF0IDE6NDAgUE0sICJDdXksIE1pY2hhZWwgRC4gKEdS
Qy1MTUUwKVtWYW50YWdlIFBhcnRuZXJzLCBMTENdIiA8bWljaGFlbC5kLmN1eUBuYXNhLmdvdj4g
d3JvdGU6DQo+IA0KPiBNaWtlIFAuICAgQ29uZ3JhdHVsYXRpb25zIG9uIHN1Y2ggYSBMT1cgZW1w
dHkgd2VpZ2h0ISAgICBXZWxsIGRvbmUgYW5kIGFsc28gZ29vZCB0byBoZWFyIHlvdcOi4oKs4oSi
dmUgY29tcGxldGVkIHlvdXIgVyZCLiAgICAgWW91w6LigqzihKJyZSBnZXR0aW5nIGNsb3NlciBh
bGwgdGhlIHRpbWUgdG8gdGhlIHNlY29uZCBoYWxmIG9mIGEgZ3JlYXQgYWR2ZW50dXJlDQo+IHdp
dGggeW91ciBQaWV0ZW5wb2wuICAgDQo+ICANCj4gTWlrZSBDLg0KPiBPaGlvDQo+ICANCj4gIA0K
PiAgDQo+IMKmwrfigLp+4oCww63CsizDnsOZw4olwqLCvTTDk000fcKnHnLigLnCq+KAsMOqw6d7
ByjCusK4xb7CrThePifCrXp6aOKAncK4wqzCtEnFocWgUWjCrsOp4oCdwrHDq2F4w4bCrcKu4oCw
w6Jyw4LDosKyw5FeasObwqt6w4Nawr4oGsK2xaDDrcKhwrrDqMOCw4fCreKApsOpxaHFuCLDosKy
w5vCrcWgWMKt4oCww6sswrnDiFrCsMK4wqzCtUnDv0rDpsOscsK4wqnCtionAsK3IcWgw7figJl5
wqrDnOKAnjowxb5aGnfCsMOaw4gaw6jDgsOH4oCa4oCmwqtFAQPDocKiw5os4oCmwqrDnmp3ZsK5
w4hmwrnDiGbCosK3xaHigKDCt8W44oCgw5tpw7/DvDDDgmbCrcKu4oCww6Jyw4co4oC6w7Nawr4o
GsK2xaDDj+KAsMOrXsW+xaElList4oCgw5tpw7/DvDDDgmbCrcKu4oCww6Jyw4co4oC6w7Nawr4o
GsK2xaDDj+KAsMOrXsW+xaElListw73Co00Two0gJOKAkxARTkVDEknCqcW+4oCawrfFocK1w4on
wrXDqcOtalsoasO2wqLigKLCpsOlesO4xaHCthfigJN5wrFowq7DqcKsahrDnn4bbcKnw7/Dn8Ki
wrvCpsKyZsKtwq7igLDDonLDhyjFoRttwqfDv8OfwqLCu8KmwrJmwq3CruKAsMOicsOHKOKAusO2
4oC5xaDDi0LContr4oCwwrvCrcWg4oCww5Z5wrTCosK1w6TDoWp5MsKiw6fDqMKvKi7CrgfCp3rC
ui7CssOLwqnCpsWgw60xwqttDsK2wqXigKLDosOiwrLDkB3FoSnDmuKAoMK3xbjigKDDm2nDv8O8
MMOCZsKtwq7igLDDonLDhyjigLrDtyjFvsOaw6Juw6tiwqJ4bcK2xbjDv8ODDCZqw5rDqMW+Jyxy
4oCwwr9y4oCww63CribDrsK2KifDvcKvw5vDvcO6J8K3w7pre8O2w6h3L8OhwrZpDQo
Message 22
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: which holds more oil? |
Most timely! Thanks, Mike.
Gary
NX308MB
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jul 30, 2014, at 8:12 AM, "Cuy, Michael D. (GRC-LME0)[Vantage Partners,
LLC]" <michael.d.cuy@nasa.gov> wrote:
>
> Here are the handy little Lowe=99s or Home Depot garden department p
oly spray bottles that I use to pressurize my smoke oil (basically mineral o
il) to inject
> into the right rear exhaust pipe of my A-65 engine. Every year I need t
o replace the bottle because the old bottles begin to leak as soon as you pu
mp them
> up from exposure to the oil after a while.
>
> Last night I installed the new poly bottle and was bummed because it held l
ess fluidor so I thought.
>
> Which one do you think holds more fluid? I was surprised to read that t
he container on the right holds 56 oz. and the old bottle on the left holds 5
1 oz.
> I still don=99t believe it and am going to do a little test next tim
e I empty out the new smoke oil bottle! (which won=99t take long if
this gorgeous weather keeps up.)
>
> Mike C.
>
>
>
> <image001.jpg>
Message 23
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|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Message 24
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
Wow Jeff, you do know a lot about eyes. You know I was just ribbing you. Thanks
for all your work in the field.
Cheers,
--------
Scott Liefeld
Flying N11MS since March 1972
Steel Tube
C-85-12
Wire Wheels
Brodhead in 1996
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427580#427580
Message 25
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Scott, yes, from day one my priority was building light...very light. Secon
d priority was performance, (which ties in very tightly with light weight)
and last was aesthetics. The house latex comes out of the can quite thick,
however, I was able to brush it on quite thin and quite well into the weave
of the fabric. Even after 4 coats, the weave is still visible some...which
I like.- It is very obvious on top of the wings where the brush strokes,
uneven paint application, etc. are evident. The wing top already looks som
ewhat "sun cooked", if you will. But, I prefer that kind of look and have n
o intentions on "fixing" it. The paint is sound and it will protect my hang
ared aircraft just fine.=0A=0AI really did go out of my way to reduce the w
eight of the aircraft and am very pleased with the result. I really hope it
shows in the performance, once I start flight testing and dialing it all i
n.=0A=0AAll in due time...=0A=0AIf God is your co-pilot, switch seats=0AMik
e Perez=0AKaretaker Aero=0AWorking W.& B. Numbers
Message 26
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: NX992WD Initial W.& B. |
Why not just throw on a known weight in the seat and do the math for the arm rather
than the precarious process of climbing in???
Gene
On Jul 30, 2014, at 12:53 PM, "taildrags" <taildrags@hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> Ryan;
>
> That is exactly what I did to determine the moment arm of the pilot and passenger,
and it came out a bit different from the "belly-button" method. Very easy
to do, as long as whoever is doing the weighing remembers to weigh themselves
on the same scales either before or after weighing the airplane.
>
> --------
> Oscar Zuniga
> Medford, OR
> Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
> A75 power
>
>
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427557#427557
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Message 27
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
Very interested in this thread. One of my main concerns with the Piet is with
available useful load.
Greg
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427585#427585
Message 28
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
taildrags wrote:
>
> .....So is anyone using a 1" thick spar anymore? ....
Yes, I used 1" thick spars on my one-piece wing.
Patricia
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427586#427586
Attachments:
http://forums.matronics.com//files/tn_dsc00247_167.jpg
Message 29
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
Keep in mind the front spar carries the bulk of the load depending on aero
dynamic loading.
Doug Dever
=0A
In beautiful Stow Ohio
From: larharris2@msn.com
Subject: RE: Pietenpol-List: spar strength
=0A
=0A
=0A
I'm in. I would very much like to justify an increase over the original 10
80 lb gross weight.
I did a few rough calculations of the weight bearing capability of a 1" sol
id spar. At first I just plugged a few numbers into a formula & got a prepo
sterous answer. Then I studied the problem a bit more and got a more reason
able=2C although discouraging=2C answer.
Assumption: Spanwise loading is uniform (not true=2C but the calculated err
or is small). My INVALID assumption was that the 2 spars (without struts)
are carrying the entire flight load.
>From Understanding Wood by Bruce Hoadly=2C MR[Modulus of Rupture] = 1.5 (
Pmax (L))/ b(d^2)
12% dry Sitka Spruce MR= 10=2C200 psi
b= 1" (spar thickness)
d= 4.75" (spar depth)
L= 13.5 ft (total distance to the center of each wing panel=2C without th
e 'center' supported by the cabanes)
The arithmetic says that each unsupported spar can carry 952 Lb at failure.
Double that to 1894 lb because of the 2 spars.
The struts=2C therefore=2C are essential for flight. A structural analysis
of spars + struts is not a trivial exercise. I have the reference texts to
help me dig through it=2C but it will take some more time.
More to follow.
Lorenzo
=0A
=0A
=0A
=0A
============0A
============0A
============0A
============0A
=0A
Message 30
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|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Message 31
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|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 32
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
Oscar, I used 1" routed spars on a three piece wing. Ken
On Wed, Jul 30, 2014 at 6:14 PM, pjb <pjb@ornithopter-pilot.com> wrote:
>
>
> taildrags wrote:
> >
> > .....So is anyone using a 1" thick spar anymore? ....
>
>
> Yes, I used 1" thick spars on my one-piece wing.
>
> Patricia
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427586#427586
>
>
> Attachments:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com//files/tn_dsc00247_167.jpg
>
>
Message 33
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
Done-
-
--------
do not archive
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427592#427592
Message 34
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
As far as I can tell the 3/4 spar is the exception...
Gene
On Jul 30, 2014, at 1:04 PM, "taildrags" <taildrags@hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> Jim Hyde, this discussion is not intended for you, but you're welcome to read
on. Since my previous post on this subject had no calculations behind it, I've
decided to run some numbers for my own information. Anyone else who is interested,
I'll use this thread to keep the discussion separate from Mike Cuy's
W&B and out of the hands of those who don't care. If you are of the opinion that
"it works, leave it alone" and "I'm just going to bump my own airplane's max
gross to 1300 because other guys have", then please use your key when you
see posts with the subject line "spar strength".
>
> So is anyone using a 1" thick spar anymore? My sense is that everyone uses either
a solid 3/4" spar or a routed 3/4" spar these days. The few who build box
spars (the UK style) are in an entirely different category, because that spar
was developed with both calculations *and* load testing behind it. My interest
is in running the calculations for those who build to the plans.
>
> --------
> Oscar Zuniga
> Medford, OR
> Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
> A75 power
>
>
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427558#427558
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Message 35
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
There you go being practical again, Gene...
Jack Phillips
NX899JP
Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com
[mailto:owner-pietenpol-list-server@matronics.com] On Behalf Of Gene Rambo
Sent: Wednesday, July 30, 2014 10:04 PM
Subject: Re: Pietenpol-List: spar strength
As far as I can tell the 3/4 spar is the exception...
Gene
On Jul 30, 2014, at 1:04 PM, "taildrags" <taildrags@hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> Jim Hyde, this discussion is not intended for you, but you're welcome to
read on. Since my previous post on this subject had no calculations behind
it, I've decided to run some numbers for my own information. Anyone else
who is interested, I'll use this thread to keep the discussion separate from
Mike Cuy's W&B and out of the hands of those who don't care. If you are of
the opinion that "it works, leave it alone" and "I'm just going to bump my
own airplane's max gross to 1300 because other guys have", then please use
your key when you see posts with the subject line "spar strength".
>
> So is anyone using a 1" thick spar anymore? My sense is that everyone
uses either a solid 3/4" spar or a routed 3/4" spar these days. The few who
build box spars (the UK style) are in an entirely different category,
because that spar was developed with both calculations *and* load testing
behind it. My interest is in running the calculations for those who build
to the plans.
>
> --------
> Oscar Zuniga
> Medford, OR
> Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
> A75 power
>
>
>
>
> Read this topic online here:
>
> http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427558#427558
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Message 36
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
My "replacement" rear spar blanks arrived today. They are 1.0" thick an I plan
to rout 1/4" deep pockets this weekend - without screwing them up this time....!
They were shipped by Aircraft Spruce with edges protected by some metal/cardboard
edging and they arrived flawless.
--------
Jake Schultz - curator,
Newport Way Air Museum (OK, it's just my home)
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427595#427595
Message 37
| INDEX | Back to Main INDEX |
| PREVIOUS | Skip to PREVIOUS Message |
| NEXT | Skip to NEXT Message |
| LIST | Reply to LIST Regarding this Message |
| SENDER | Reply to SENDER Regarding this Message |
|
| Subject: | Re: spar strength |
Lorenzo;
As a practical matter, I suggest that you use the value of "fiber stress at the
elastic limit" for your spars rather than the modulus of rupture. As it is,
the old forest product labs data that was published in 1941 for the properties
of various woods for aircraft structures has an explanatory note with those values
that says there is a significantly wide variation between test specimens
of the same wood, same moisture content, taken from the same tree or different
trees. They used an average value, but did your wood come from the average
tree? And are the trees that are being cut today the same as the ones in the
forest in the first half of the 20th century, when most of the wood design books
were written and the research on wood for airplanes conducted?
With that said, understand that the fiber stress at the elastic limit is presented
in the tables for a load duration of only 3 seconds. Considering that the
normal category for G loading is +3.8G and that that loading can occur in a coordinated
75 degree bank, 3 seconds is probably a good safe thing to design for
and "elastic limit" means that there is no permanent deformation of the spar
as a result. Let's not fly rigorous high-G maneuvers in our Piets, eh?
Modulus of rupture, on the other hand, means if the wood sees it you're going to
rebuild a permanently broken wing after you land, or it's going to break off
in the air and you crash. When the spar experiences this kind of load, it's
irreversibly damaged. This has never happened to a Piet in the air (in the records,
anyway)- so we don't want to spoil the safety record and design to the
modulus of rupture just to get our name in the history books. Let's use the elastic
limit. Practically speaking, that's 6200 psi for spruce and 8000 psi for
Douglas fir.
Gene; point well taken. My analysis will be for 1" solid and routed spars, both
spruce and fir. The 3/4" spar will be the exception.
Doug; another point well taken, and understood. Evans and others suggest a load
fraction on the main spar of 70% of the total loading on the wing section, at
maximum lift. That's the value I'm using in my analysis. The rear spar carries
less than half of the total loading on the section, but that doesn't mean
we don't need it!
Patricia: what a beautiful piece of woodwork! Thanks for sharing the photo of
your wing. I am always mesmerized by the intricate geometry of wood-framed wings.
--------
Oscar Zuniga
Medford, OR
Air Camper NX41CC "Scout"
A75 power
Read this topic online here:
http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p=427597#427597
Other Matronics Email List Services
These Email List Services are sponsored solely by Matronics and through the generous Contributions of its members.
-- Please support this service by making your Contribution today! --
|